New and investigational antiepileptic drugs

Bibliography

• Shorvon SD. Drug treatment of epilepsy in the century of the ILAE: the second 50 years, 1959 – 2009. Epilepsia 2009;50(Suppl 3):93-130
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johannessen Landmark C, Johannessen SI. Pharmacological management of epilepsy: recent advances and future prospects. Drugs 2008;68:1925-39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Menachem E. Strategy for utilization of new antiepileptic drugs. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21:167-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt D, Loscher W. Drug-resistance in epilepsy: putative neurobiologic and clinical mechanisms. Epilepsia 2005;46:858-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan S. Teratogenesis of sodium valproate. Curr Opin Neurol 2007;20:175-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogawski MA. Diverse mechanisms of antiepileptic drugs in the development pipeline. Epilepsy Res 2006;69:273-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialer M. New antiepileptic drugs that are second generation to existing antiepileptic drugs. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2006;15:637-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida L, Falcao A, Maia J, Single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2-093) in healthy elderly and young subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2005;45:1062-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P. Eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2-093). Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:88-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parada A, Soares-da-Silva P. The novel anticonvulsant BIA 2-093 inhibits transmitter release during opening of voltage-gated sodium channels: a comparison with carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. Neurochem Int 2002;40:435-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elger C, Halàsz P, Maia J, Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 study. Epilepsia 2009;50:454-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormack PL, Robinson DM. Eslicarbazepine acetate. CNS Drugs 2009;23:71-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elger C, Halász P, Maia J, ; BIA-2093-301 Investigators Study Group. Efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase III study. Epilepsia 2009:50:454-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenda BM, Matagne AC, Talaga PE, Discovery of 4-substituted pyrrolidone butanamides as new agents with significant antiepileptic activity. J Med Chem 2004;47:530-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch BA, Lambeng N, Nocka K, The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:9861-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matagne A, Margineanu DG, Kenda B, Anticonvulsive and antiepileptic properties of brivaracetam (ucb 34714), a high affinity synaptic vesicle protein SV2A ligand. Br J Pharmacol 2008;154:1662-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminski RM, Matagne A, Leclercq K, SV2A protein is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant target: functional correlation between protein binding and seizure protection in models of both partial and generalized epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2008;54:715-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martella G, Bonsi P, Sciamanna G, Seletracetam (ucb 44212) inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ currents and intracellular Ca2+ increase in rat cortical neurons in vitro. Epilepsia 2009;50:702-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sargentini-Maier ML, Rolan P, Connell J, The pharmacokinetics, CNS pharmacodynamics and adverse event profile of brivaracetam after single increasing oral doses in healthy males. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63:680-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klitgaard H. Levetiracetam: the preclinical profile of a new class of antiepileptic drugs? Epilepsia 1992;42(Suppl 4):13-8
   Google Scholar
• French JA, Brodsky A, von Rosenstiel P; on behalf of the Brivaracetam N01193 Study Group. Efficacy and tolerability of 5, 20 and 50 mg/day brivaracetam (UCB 34714) as adjunctive treatment in adults with refractory partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2007;48(Suppl 6):400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laveille C, Lacroix B, Snoeck E, Dose- and exposure-response modeling of brivaracetam add-on treatment in patients with partial epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007;48(Suppl 6):328
   Google Scholar
• Pollard JR. Seletracetam, a small molecule SV2A modulator for the treatment of epilepsy. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008;9:101-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson CD, Miller TA, Barthen MT, The synthesis, in vitro reactivity, and evidence for formation in humans of 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazinane-2,4-dione, a metabolite of felbamate. Drug Metab Dispos 2000;28:434-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Levy RH, Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Ninth Eilat Conference (EILAT IX). Epilepsy Res 2009;83:1-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabenstatter HL, Dudek FE. A new potential AED, carisbamate, substantially reduces spontaneous motor seizures in rats with kainate-induced epilepsy. Epilepsia 2008;49:1787-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francois J, Boeher A, Nehlig A. Effects of carisbamate (RWJ-333369) in two models of genetically determined generalized epilepsy, the GAERS and the audiogenic Wistar AS. Epilepsia 2008;49:393-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nehlig A, Rigoulot MA, Boehrer A. A new drug, RWJ 333369 displays potent antiepileptic properties in genetic models of absence and audiogenic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2005;46(Suppl 8):215
   Google Scholar
• Francois J, Ferrandon A, Koning E, Nehlig A. A new drug RWJ 333369 protects limbic areas in the lithium-pilocarpine model (li-pilo) of epilepsy and delays or prevents the occurrence of spontaneous seizures Epilepsia 2005;46(Suppl 8):269-70
   Google Scholar
• Chien S, Bialer M, Solanki B, Pharmacokinetic interaction study between the new antiepileptic and CNS drug RWJ-333369 and carbamazepine in healthy adults. Epilepsia 2006;47:1830-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faught E, Holmes GL, Rosenfeld WE, Randomized, controlled, dose-ranging trial of carisbamate for partial-onset seizures. Neurology 2008;71:1586-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radatz M, Ehlers K, Yagen B, Valnoctamide, valpromide and valnoctic acid are much less teratogenic in mice than valproic acid. Epilepsy Res 1998;30:41-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkler I, Blotnik S, Shimshoni J, Efficacy of antiepileptic isomers of valproic acid and valpromide in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2005;146:198-208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isoherranen N, Woodhead JH, White HS, Bialer M. Anticonvulsant profile of valrocemide (TV1901). Epilepsia 2001;42:832-6
   Google Scholar
• Funk AP, Ricci R, Anderson BA, Single doses of JZP-4 decrease cortical excitability. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia 2008;49(Suppl 7):431 [abstract]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité D, Rosenfeld W, Wang S, Evidence of activity for JZP-4, a novel sodium calcium channel inhibitor in photosensitive epilepsy patients: an exploratory study. American Epilepsy Society Congress. Epilepsia 2008;49(Suppl 7):439 [abstract 3.221]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKay G, Hawes EM, Hogge L, Metabolism of T2000, a novel non-sedating barbiturate, in rat and dog. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition 2006, 29 October – 2 November, San Antonio, TX, USA. Available from: www.aapsj.org/abstracts/AM_2006/AAPS2006-003495.pdf [Last access 26 October 2009]
   Google Scholar
• McKay G, Hawes EM, Hogge L, Identification of the metabolites of T2000, a novel non-sedating barbiturate, in human. American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Meeting and Exposition 2006, 29 October – 2 November, San Antonio, TX, USA Available from: www.aapsj.org/abstracts/AM_2006/AAPS2006-001703.pdf [Last access 26 October 2009]
   Google Scholar
• Davies JA. Remacemide hydrochloride: a novel antiepileptic agent. Gen Pharmacol 1997;28:499-502
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meldrum BS, Rogawsky MA. Molecular targets for antiepileptic drug development. Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:18-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton ME, Peters SC, Shannon HE. Comparison of the effect of glutamate receptor modulators in the 6 Hz and maximal electroshock seizure models. Epilepsy Res 2003;56:17-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi M, Ni JW, Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, YM872, a novel selective alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist, reduces brain damage after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in cats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998;284:467-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turski L, Huth A, Sheardown M, ZK200775: a phosphonate quinoxalinedione AMPA antagonist for neuroprotection in stroke and trauma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998;95:10960-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters MR, Kaste M, Lees KR, The AMPA antagonist ZK 200775 in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled safety and tolerability study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;20:304-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollard JR, French J. Antiepileptic drugs in development. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:1064-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aujla PK, Fetell MR, Jensen FE. Talampanel suppresses the acute and chronic effects of seizures in a rodent neonatal seizure model. Epilepsia 2009;50:694-701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howes JF, Bell C. Talampanel. Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:126-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langan YM, Lucas R, Jewell H, Talampanel, a new antiepileptic drug: single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and initial 1 week experience in patients with chronic intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 2003;44:46-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chappell AS, Sander JW, Brodie MJ, A cross-over, add-on trial of talampanel in patients with refractory partial seizures. Neurology 2002;58:1680-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perampanel. Investigator’s brochure. 7th edition. Eisai pharma (updated: 19 September 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Tatulian L, Brown DA. Effect of the KCNQ potassium channel opener retigabine on single KCNQ2/3 channels expressed in CHO cells. J Physiol 2003;549:57-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatulian L, Delmas P, Abogadie FC, Brown DA. Activation of expressed KCNQ potassium currents and native neuronal M-type potassium currents by the anti-convulsant drug retigabine. J Neurosci 2001;21:5535-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder BC, Kubisch C, Stein V, Jentsch TJ. Moderate loss of function of cyclic-AMP-modulated KCNQ2/KCNQ3 K+ channels causes epilepsy. Nature 1998;396:687-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rijn CM, Willems-van Bree E. Synergy between retigabine and GABA in modulating the convulsant site of the GABAA receptor complex. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;464:95-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn-Munro G, Dalby-Brown W, Mirza NR, Retigabine: chemical synthesis to clinical application. CNS Drug Rev 2005;11:1-20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wickenden AD, Krajewski JL, London B, N-(6-chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-3,4-difluoro-benzamide (ICA-27243): a novel, selective KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel activator. Mol Pharmacol 2008;73:977-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter RJ, Nohria V, Rundfeldt C. Retigabine. Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:149-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wickenden AD, McNaughton-Smith G, Roeloffs R, ICA-27243: a novel, potent, and selective KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channel activator. Congress of Neuroscience Societies [abstract 153]
   Google Scholar
• McKernan RM, Rosahl TW, Reynolds DS, Sedative but not anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by the GABAA receptor alpha1 subtype. Nat Neurosci 2000;3:587-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atack JR, Wafford K, Tye SJ, TPA023, an agonist selective for alpha2- and alpha3-containing GABAA receptors, is a non-sedating anxiolytic in rodents and primates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:410-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan WN, Evans JM, Hadley MS, Thompson and N. Upton, Identification of (−)-cis-6-acetyl-4S-(3-choro-4-Fluoro-benzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-benzo-[b]pyran-3S-ol as a potential antimigraine agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999;2:285-90
   Google Scholar
• Parsons AA, Bingham S, Raval P, Tonabersat (SB-220453) a novel benzopyran with anticonvulsant properties attenuates trigeminal nerve-induced neurovascular reflexes. Br J Pharmacol 2001;132:1549-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beyreuther BK, Freitag G, Heers C, Lacosamide: a review of preclinical studies CNS Drug Rev 2007;13:21-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Czech T, Yang JW, Csaszar E, Reduction of hippocampal collapsin response mediated protein-2 in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurochem Res 2004;29:2189-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt C, Heile A, Potschka H, Effects of the novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide on the development of amygdala kindling in rats. Epilepsia 2006;47:1803-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Menachem E, Biton V, Jatuzis D, Efficacy and safety of oral lacosamide as adjunctive therapy in adults with partial-onset seizures. Epilepsia 2007;48:1308-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halasz P, Kalviainen R, Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska M, Adjunctive lacosamide for partial-onset seizures: efficacy and safety results from a randomized controlled trial. Epilepsia 2009;50:443-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton NM. Interaction of steroids with the GABA-A receptor. Curr Top Med Chem 2002;2:887-902
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy DS, Castaneda DC, O’Malley BW, Rogawski MA. Anticonvulsant activity of progesterone and neurosteroids in progesterone receptor knockout mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;310:230-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy DS, Rogawski MA. Chronic treatment with the neuroactive steroid ganaxolone in the rat induces anticonvulsant tolerance to diazepam but not to itself. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;295:1241-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy DS, Rogawski MA.Enhanced anticonvulsant activity of ganaxolone after neurosteroid withdrawal in a rat model of catamenial epilepsyJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:909-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nohria V, Giller E. Ganaxolone. Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:102-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerrigan JF, Shields WD, Nelson TY, Ganaxolone for treating intractable infantile spasms: a multicenter, open-label, add-on trial. Epilepsy Res 2000;42:133-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieribone VA, Tsai J, Soufflet C, Clinical evaluation of ganaxolone in pediatric and adolescent patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2007;48:1870-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuveri A, Paoletti AM, Orrù M, Reduced serum level of THDOC, an anticonvulsant steroid, in women with perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy. Epilepsia 2008;49:1221-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bromfield E, Dworetzki B, Hurwitz S, A randomized trial of polyunsaturated fatty acids for refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2008;12:187-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taha AY, Filo E, Ma DWL, McIntyre Burnham W. Dose-dependent anticonvulsant effects of linoleic and alfa-linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids on pentylentetrazol induced seizures in rats. Epilepsia 2009;50:72-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porta N, Bourgois B, Galabert C, Anticonvulsant effects of linoleic acid are unrelated to brain phospholipid cell membrane compositions. Epilepsia 2009;50:65-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diano S, Horvath TL. Anticonvulsant effects of leptin in epilepsy. J Clin Invest 2008;118:26-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen IL, Levy MM, Kerr DS. The 2-deoxyglucose test as a supplement to fasting for detection of childhood hypoglycemia. Pediatr Res 1984;18:359-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garriga-Canut M, Schoenike B, Qazi R, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose reduces epilepsy progression by NRSF-CtBP-dependent metabolic regulation of chromatin structure. Nat Neurosci 2006;9:1382-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stafstrom CE, Ockuly JC, Murphree L, Anticonvulsant and antiepileptic actions of 2-deoxy-D-glucose in epilepsy models. Ann Neurol 2009;65:435-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zangara A. The psychopharmacology of huperzine A: an alkaloid with cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective properties of interest in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:675-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward J, Caprio V. A radical mediated approach to the core structure of huperzine A. Tetrahedron Lett 2006;47:553-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman BR, Ratcliffe RH, Oguntayo SA, [+]-Huperzine A treatment protects against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizure/status epilepticus in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008;175:387-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimber-Trojnar Z, Borowicz KK, Małek R, Perspectives of losigamone in epilepsy treatment. Pol J Pharmacol 2003;55:675-82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baulac M, Klement S; Losigamone Study Group. Efficacy and safety of Losigamone in partial seizures: a randomized double-blind study. Epilepsy Res 2003;55:177-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazarati A, Lundström L, Sollenberg U, Regulation of kindling epileptogenesis by hippocampal galanin type 1 and type 2 receptors: the effects of subtype-selective agonists and the role of G-protein-mediated signalling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;318:700-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazarati A, Langel U, Bartfai T. Galanin: an endogenous anticonvulsant? Neuroscientist 2001;7:506-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adkins EM, Smith MD, Pruess T, NAX-5055: a metabolically stable galanin-based neuropeptide with potent anticonvulsant and antinociceptive actions. Epilepsia 2007;48(Suppl 6):, 292
   Google Scholar
• Available from: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00616148 [Last access 26 October 2009]
   Google Scholar
• Perucca E, French J, Bialer M. Development of new antiepileptic drugs: challenges, incentives, and recent advances. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:793-804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaccara G, Franciotta D, Perucca E. Idiosyncratic adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 2007;48:1223-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogawski MA, Löscher W. The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004;5:553-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt D, Rogawski MA. New strategies for the identification of drugs to prevent the development or progression of epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2002;50:71-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitkänen A, Kubova H. Antiepileptic drugs in neuroprotection. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5:777-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landmark CJ. Targets for antiepileptic drugs in the synapse. Med Sci Monit 2007;13:RA1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar