246
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Antibiotics in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

, &
Pages 911-925 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • HIGGINS MW, KELLER JB, LANDIS JR et al.: Risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Collaborative assessment of the validity of the Tecumseh index of risk. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. (1984) 130:380–385.
  • MURRAY CJ, LOPEZ AD: Evidence-based health policy-lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Science (1996) 274:740–743.
  • MURRAY CJ, LOPEZ AD: Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet (1997) 349:1269–1276.
  • ANTHONISEN NR, MANFREDA J, WARREN CP et al: Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Intern. Med. (1987) 106:196–204.
  • ••A now classic study that stratified patientswith AECB into three levels based on severity of symptoms and found a significant benefit of antibiotic therapy in patients with more severe disease.
  • REID DD: Symposium: chronic bronchitis. Proc. Royal Soc. Med (1956) 49:767–780.
  • LEES AW, MCNAUGHT W: Bacteriology of lower respiratory tract secretions, sputum, and upper respiratory tract secretions in 'normals' and chronic bronchitics. Lancet (1959) 2:1112–1115.
  • ELLER J, EDE A, SCHABERG T et al: Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: relation between bacteriologic etiology and lung function. Chest (1998) 113:1542–1548.
  • •The authors found a correlation between deterioration of lung function and the types of bacteria isolated. Patients with more severe disease (FEV1 35% of predicted) were more likely to have Gram-negative bacilli.
  • JENNE JW, MACDONALD FM, LAPINSKI EM, BRATBERG NE, HALL WH: The course of chronic hemophilus bronchitis treated with massive doses of penicillin and penicillin combined with streptomycin. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. (1970) 101:907–922.
  • •Patients treated with penicillin and streptomycin treatment had eradication of H inthrenzae from sputum and prolonged remissions.
  • BANDI V, APICELLA MA, MASON E et al.: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzaein the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic bronchitis. Am. I Resp. Grit. Care Med. (2001) 164:2114–2119.
  • FAGON JY, CHASTRE J, TROUILLET JL et al: Characterization of distal bronchial microflora during acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Use of the protected specimen brush technique in 54 mechanically ventilated patients. Am. Rev Respir. Dis. (1990) 142:1004–1008.
  • •Carefully done study that found 50% of patients had sterile distal bronchial cultures during episodes of AECB.
  • MONSO E, RUIZ J, ROSELL A et al: Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush. Am. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1995) 152:1316–1320.
  • •The investigators demonstrated that distal airways of COPD patients often contain bacteria during quiescent periods but episodes of AECB were associated with more widespread colonisation and higher bacterial densities.
  • CHASTRE J, FAGON JY, BORNET-LECSO M et al: Evaluation of bronchoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Am. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1995) 152:231–240.
  • YI K, SETHI S, MURPHY TF: Human immune response to nontypeable Ham-top/Was influenzaein chronic bronchitis. Infect. Dis (1997) 176:1247–1252.
  • SETHI S: Infectious etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest (2000) 117:380S–385S.
  • •Review of the infectious aetiologies of AECB by an expert in the field.
  • LOURIA DB, BLUMENFELD HL, ELLIS JT, KILBOURNE ED, ROGERS DE: Studies on influenza in the pandemic of 1957-1958: II. Pulmonary complications of influenza. Clin. Invest. (1959) 38:213–216.
  • STOCKLEY RA: Inflammation and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest (2001) 120:1422–1423.
  • SEEMUNGAL TA, HARPER-OWEN R, BHOWMIK A, JEFFRIES DJ, WEDZICHA JA: Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ear: Respir. (2000) 16:677–683.
  • BUSCHO RO, SAXTAN D, SHULTZ PS, FINCH E, MUFSON MA: Infections with viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae during exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Infect. Dis. (1978) 137:377–383.
  • MOGULKOC N, KARAKURT S, ISALSKA B et al: Acute purulent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Am. I Respir. Grit. Care Med. (1999) 160:349–353.
  • VERDUIN CM, HOL C, FLEER A, VAN DIJK H, VAN BELKUM A: Moraxella catarrhalls: from emerging to established pathogen. Clin. Microbiol Rev (2002) 15:125–144.
  • ELMES PC, FLETCHER CM, DUTTON AA: Prophylactic use of oxytetracycline for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br. Med. (1957) 2:1272–1275.
  • BERRY DG, FRY J, HINDLEY CP, ET AL:Exacerbations of chronic bronchitis treatment with oxytetracycline. Lancet (1960) 1:137–139.
  • FEAR EC, EDWARDS G: Antibiotic regimes in chronic bronchitis. Br. Dis. Chest (1962) 56:153–162.
  • ELMES PC, KING TK, LANGLANDS JH et al.: Value of ampicillin in the hospital treatment of exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br. Med. J. (1965) 5467:904–908.
  • PETERSEN ES, ESMANN V, HONCKE P, MUNKNER C: A controlled study of the effect of treatment on chronic bronchitis. An evaluation using pulmonary function tests. Acta Med. Scand. (1967) 182:293–305.
  • PINES A, RAAFAT H, PLUCINSKI K, GREENFIELD JS, SOLARI M: Antibiotic regimens in severe and acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br. Med. J. (1968) 2:735–738.
  • PINES A, RAAFAT H, GREENFIELD JS, LINSELL WD, SOLARI ME: Antibiotic regimens in moderately ill patients with purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Br. Dis. Chest (1972) 66:107–115.
  • NICOTRA MB, RIVERA M, AWE RJ: Antibiotic therapy of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A controlled study using tetracycline. Ann. Intern. Med. (1982) 97:18–21.
  • JORGENSEN AF, COOLIDGE J, PEDERSEN PA et al: Amoxicillin in treatment of acute uncomplicated exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study in general practice. Scand. J. Prim. Health Care (1992) 10:7–11.
  • SACHS AP, KOETER GH, GROENIER KH et al.: Changes in symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and sputum flora during treatment with antibiotics of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice. Thorax (1995) 50:758–763.
  • NOUIRA S, MARGHLI S, BELGHITH M et al.: Once daily oral ofloxacin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation requiring mechanical ventilation: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2001) 358:2020–2025.
  • •Patients that received ofloxacin had shorter hospital stays, lower mortality and required fewer courses of other antibiotics.
  • SAINT S, BENT S, VITTINGHOFF E, GRADY D: Antibiotics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. A meta-analysis. JAMA (1995) 273:957–960.
  • ••Meta-analysis of nine placebo-controlledstudies found a small but statistically significant benefit of antibiotics.
  • ADAMS SG, MELO J, LUTHER M, ANZUETO A: Antibiotics are associated with lower relapse rates in outpatients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Chest (2000) 117:1345–1352.
  • •Patients treated with antibiotics other than arnoxicillin had lower relapse rates. Those treated with arnoxicillin had higher rates of relapse than those that received no antibiotics.
  • DESTACHE CJ, DEWAN N, O'DONOHUE WJ, CAMPBELL JC, ANGELILLO VA: Clinical and economic considerations in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1999) 43(Suppl. A):107–113.
  • •Retrospective study showing treatment failures were more likely with first-line' antibiotics (arnoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and co-trirnoxazole). Overall treatment costs were lower with 'third-line' antibiotics (arnoxicillin-davulanate, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin).
  • DEWAN NA, RAFIQUE S, KANWAR B et al.: Acute exacerbation of COPD: factors associated with poor treatment outcome. Chest (2000) 117:662–671.
  • •Patient host factors, including FEV1 35%, but not choice of antibiotic were associated with treatment failures.
  • DOERN GV, HEILMANN KP, HUYNH HK et al: Antimicrobial resistance among clinical 6isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999-2000, including a comparison of resistance rates since 1994-1995. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001) 45:1721–1729.
  • THORNSBERRY C, SAHM DF: Resistancein respiratory tract pathogens: an international study 1997–1998.1 Chemother. (2000) 12\(Suppl. 4):16–20.
  • •In vitro study of over 11,000 respiratory isolates from 9 countries showing marked variability in susceptibility to antibiotics commonly used to treat respiratory infections.
  • DOERN GV: Antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Sem. Resp. Grit. Care. (2000) 21:273.
  • MUSHER DM, BARTLETT JG, DOERN GV: A fresh look at the definition of susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to beta-lactam antibiotics. Arch. Intern. Med. (2001) 161:2538–2544.
  • NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINCAL AND LABORATORY STANDARDS: Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standards. 5th edn. (2000). National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards. Wayne, PA, USA.
  • DAVIDSON R, CAVALCANTI R, BRUNTON JL et al.: Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:747–750.
  • GOTFRIED MH: Comparison of bacteriologic eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae by clarithromycin and reports of increased antimicrobial resistance. Clin. Thec (2000) 22:2–14.
  • PICKERILL KE, PALADINO JA, SCHENTAG JJ: Comparison of the fluoroquinolones based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. Pharmacotherapy (2000) 20:417–428.
  • FORREST A, CHODOSH S, AMANTEA MA, COLLINS DA, SCHENTAG JJ: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral grepafloxacin in patients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Antimicrob. Chemother: (1997) 40(Suppl. A):45–57.
  • LEVISON ME: Pharmacodynamics of antibacterial drugs. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. (2000) 14:281-91, vii.
  • EBERT SC: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in antibiotic selection for different pneumonia settings. Infect. Dis. Clin. Frac. (1997) 6(2 Suppl.):S43–S48.
  • •Contains a table detailing the penetration of antibiotics into the respiratory tract.
  • RODVOLD KA, GOTFRIED MH, DANZIGER LH, SERVI RJ: Intrapulmonary steady-state concentrations of clarithromycin and azithromycin in healthy adult volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:1399–1402.
  • DEABATE CA, MATHEW CP, WARNER JH, HEYD A, CHURCH D: The safety and efficacy of short course (5-day) mwdfloxacin versus azithromycin in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Respic Med. (2000) 94:1029–1037.
  • GUEST N, LANGAN CE: Comparison of the efficacy and safety of a short course of ceftibuten with that of amoxycillin/ clavulanate in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (1998) 10:49–54.
  • GOTFRIED MH, DEABATE CA, FOGARTY C, MATHEW CP, SOKOL WN: Comparison of 5-day, short-course gatifloxacin therapy with 7-day gatifloxacin therapy and 10-day clarithromycin therapy for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Clin. Ther. (2001) 23:97–107.
  • MASTERTON RG, BURLEY CJ: Randomized, double-blind study comparing 5- and 7-day regimens of oral levofloxacin in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. hat. Antimicrob. Agents (2001) 18:503–512.
  • ADAM D: Clarithromycin 250 mg bid, for 5 or 10 days in the treatment of adult patients with purulent bronchitis. Infection (1993) 21:265–271.
  • LANGAN C, CLECNER B, CAZZOLA CM et al: Short-course cefuroxime axetil therapy in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Int. J. Clin. Pract. (1998) 52:289–297.
  • RUSSO RL, D'APRILE M: Role of antimicrobial therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  • •• Ann. Pharmacother. (2001) 35:576–581.
  • HOEPELMAN IM, MOLLERS MJ, VAN SCHIE MH et al.: A short (3-day) course of azithromycin tablets versus a 10-day course of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (co-amoxiclav) in the treatment of adults with lower respiratory tract infections and effects on long-term outcome. Irk. I Antimicrob. Agents (1997) 9:141–146.
  • SCHOUENBORG P, GERDES N, RASMUSSEN H, WICKERS-NIELSEN N, MATHIASSEN E: Azithromycin versus pivampicillin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a single-blind, double-dummy, multicentre study. Int. Med. Res. (2000) 28:101–110.
  • DUNN CJ, BARRADELL LB: Azithromycin. A review of its pharmacological properties and use as 3-day therapy in respiratory tract infections. Drugs (1996) 51:483–505.
  • CHODOSH S: Use of quinolones for thetreatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Am. I Med. (12-30-1991) 91:93S–100S.
  • GROSSMAN R, MUKHERJEE J, VAUGHAN D et al.: A 1-year community-based health economic study of ciprofloxacin versus usual antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the Canadian Ciprofloxacin Health Economic Study Group. Chest (1998) 113:131–141.
  • SHAH PM, MAESEN FP, DOLMANN A et al.: Levofloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: results of a randomized, double-blind study. I. Antimicrob. Chemothei: (1999) 43:529–539.
  • RADEMAKER CM, SIPS AP, BEUMER HM et al.: A double-blind comparison of low-dose ofloxacin and amoxycillin/ clavulanic acid in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. I. Antimicrob. Chemother: (1990) 26(Suppl. D):75–81.
  • PUNAKIVI L, KEISTINEN T, BACKMAN R et al: Oral ofloxacin once daily and doxycycline in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Scand. .1 Infect. Dis. Sapp]. (1990) 68:41–45.
  • DAVIES BI, MAESEN FP: Clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the relationship with in-vitro activity. Antimicrob. Chemother: (1999) 43(Suppl. C):83–90.
  • KIM OK, OHEMENG K, BARRETT JF: Advances in DNA gyrase inhibitors. Expert Opin. Livestig. Drugs (2001) 10:199–212.
  • SCHABERG T, BALLIN I, HUCHON G et al: A multinational, multicentre, non-blinded, randomized study of mwdfloxacin oral tablets compared with co-amoxiclav oral tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. I Int. Med. Res. (2001) 29:314–328.
  • YASSIN HM, DEVER LL: Telithromycin: a new ketolide antimicrobial for treatment of respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2001) 10:353–367.
  • JOHNSON AP: Telithromycin. Aventis Pharma. Curr. Opin. Livestig. Drugs (2001) 2:1691–1701.
  • BRYSKIER A: Ketolides-telithromycin, anexample of a new class of antibacterial agents. Clin. Microbial. Infect. (2000) 6:661–669.
  • GIA H., ROEDER V, NAMOUR F, SULTAN E, LEFANT B: Telithromycin (HMR 3647) achieves high and sustained concentrations in white blood cells in man. 5th International Conference on the Macrolides, Azalides, Streptogramins, Ketolides and Oxazolidinones. (2000) Seville, Spain.
  • AUBIER M, AKDIBSM 0.M., LEAK A, et al: Efficacy and tolerability of a 5-day course of a new ketolide antimicrobial, telithromycin (HMR 3647), for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) in patients with COPD. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2000) Toronto, Canada.
  • DEABATE CA, HEYDER A., LEROY B, SIDAROUS E, BACKSTORM J: Oral telithromycin (HMR 3647) 800 mg once daily for 5 days is well tolerated and as effective as cefuroxime axetil 500 mg twice daily for 10 days in adults with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2000) Toronto, Canada.
  • DOUGHERTY TJ, BARRETT JF: ABT-773: a new ketolide antibiotic. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2001) 10:343–351.
  • ZHANEL GG, ENNIS K, VERCAIGNE L et al.: A critical review of the fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory infections. Drugs (2002) 62:13–59.
  • •Thorough review of flouoroquinolones used in the treatment of respiratory infections.
  • BALL P, WILSON R, MANDELL L, BROWN J, HENKEL T: Efficacy of gemifloxacin in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind comparison with trovafloxacin. Chemother: (2001) 13:288–298.
  • FILET, SCHLEMMER B, GARAU Jet al.: Gemifloxacin versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. The 070 Clinical Study group. J. Chemother: (2000) 12:314–325.
  • MILATOVIC D, SCHMITZ FJ, BRISSE S, VERHOEF J, FLUIT AC: In vitro activities of sitafloxacin (DU-6859a) and six other fluoroquinolones against 8,796 clinical bacterial isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (2000) 44:1102–1107.
  • FUNG-TOMC JC, MINASSIAN B, KOLEK B et al.: Antibacterial spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, BMS-284756. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (2000) 44:3351–3356.
  • GALES A, SADER H, JONES RN: Activities of BMS 284756 (T-3811) against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program medical centers in Latin America (1999). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001) 45:1463–1466.
  • FORGARTY C, MILANOWSKI J, HEYDER A et al.: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of 5 day and 10 day therapy with oral BMS-284756 in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). 41st Literscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2001) Chicago, IL, USA.
  • BRITISH RESEARCH COUNCIL: Value of chemoprophylaxis and chemotherapy in chronic bronchitis. Br. Med. I (1966) 1:1317–1322.
  • WATANABE A, OIZUMI K, MOTOMIYA M, NUKIWA T: Daily single-dose regimen and alternate-two-week triple-dose/day regimen of oral ofloxacin for the prophylaxis and control of exacerbations of chronic respiratory tract infections. Tohoku I Exp. Med. (1995) 176:25–33.
  • BALTER MS, HYLAND RH, LOW DE et al.: Recommendations on the management of chronic bronchitis: A practical guide for Canadian physicians. Can. Med. Assoc. (1994) 151 Suppl. 10:5–23.
  • ••Expert panel proposed stratifying patients based on age, number and severity of symptoms, degree of airflow obstruction, frequency of exacerbations, and comorbid conditions.
  • BACH PB, BROWN C, GELFAND SE, McCORY DC: Management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A summary and appraisal of published evidence. Ann. Intern. Med. (2001) 134:600–620.
  • GROSSMAN R: Guidelines for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Chest (1997) 112:310S–313S.
  • ••Proposed stratification of patients fortreatment by risk factors.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.