Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Volume 11, 2002 - Issue 9
Submit an article Journal homepage
26
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The development of contraceptive vaccines

Peter J Delves Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, W1T 4JF, UK. [email protected]
Pages 1225-1237 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • HUEZO CM: Current reversible contraceptive methods: a global perspective. Int. J. Cynaecol Obstet. (1998) 62\(Suppl. 1):S3–S15.
  • •Useful review.
  • DIEKMAN AB, NORTON EJ, KLOTZ KL, WESTBROOK VA, HERR JC: Evidence for a unique N-linked glycan associated with human infertility on sperm CD52: a candidate contraceptive vaccinogen. Imm. Rev (1999) 171:203–211.
  • DARNEY PD: Time to pardon the IUD? N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:608–610.
  • WHO COLLABORATIVE GROUP: Ischaemic stroke and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet (1996) 348:498–505.
  • WHO COLLABORATIVE GROUP: Haemorrhagic stroke, overall stroke risk, and combined oral contraceptives: results of an international, multicentre, case-control study. WHO Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. Lancet (1996) 348:505–510.
  • MARCHBANKS PA, McDONALD JA, WILSON HG et al.: Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:2025–2032.
  • HUGGINS GR, MCGONIGLE KF, ZUCHER PK: Oral contraceptives and neoplasia. In: Reproductive Medicine and Surgery Wallach EE, Zacur HA (Eds), Mosby-Year Book Inc. St. Louis, USA (1995):333–350.
  • DELVES PJ, LUND T, ROITT IM: Antifertility vaccines. Trends Immunol (2002) 23:213–219.
  • SHULMAN S: Immunological reactions and infertility. In: Immunology of Human Reproduction. Kurpisz M, Fernandez N (Eds). BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK (1995):53–78.
  • HJORT T: Infertility, immunological causes of. In Encyclopedia of Immunology (2nd edn) Delves PJ, Roitt IM (Eds). Academic Press, London, UK (1998):1373–1375.
  • SHETTY J, NAABY-HANSEN S, SHIBAHARA H et al.: Human sperm proteome: immunodominant sperm surface antigens identified with sera from infertile men and women. Biol. Reprod. (1999) 61:61–69.
  • BRADLEY MP, EADE J, PENHALE J, BIRD P: Vaccines for fertility regulation of wild and domestic species. I Biotechnol (1999) 73:91–101.
  • LADD A, TSONG YY WALFIELD AM, THAU R: Development of an antifertility vaccine for pets based on active immunization against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Biol. Reprod. (1994) 51:1076–1083.
  • KIRKPATRICK JF, TURNER JW JR, LIU IK, FAYRER-HOSKEN R, RUTBERG AT: Case studies in wildlife immunocontraception: wild and feral equids and white-tailed deer. Reprod. Feral Dev. (1997) 9:105–110.
  • •A good overview of some important studies investigating the use of contraceptive vaccines for the control of animal populations.
  • BARBER MR, FAYRER-HOSKEN RA: Possible mechanisms of mammalian immunocontraception. Reprod. Immunol (2000) 46:103–124.
  • TALWAR GP, SINGH 0, PAL R et al: A vaccine that prevents pregnancy in women. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:8532–8536.
  • ••The successful Phase II trial of the hCG-based HSD vaccine.
  • REBELLO R, GREEN FHY, FOX HA: A study of the secretory immune system of the female genital tract. Br. J. Obstet. Cynaecol (1975) 82:812–816.
  • MESTECKY J, RUSSELL MW: Inductionof mucosal immune responses in the human genital tract. FEMS Immunol Med. Microbiol (2000) 27:351–355.
  • •An excellent overview of broad interest.
  • ACEVEDO HF, TONG JY, HARTSOCK RJ: Human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit gene expression in cultured human fetal and cancer cells of different types and origins. Cancer (1995) 76:1467–1475.
  • •Provides evidence that hCG may be a tumour-associated antigen in a range of different cancers.
  • HEARN JP, GIDLEY-BAIRD AA, HODGES JK, SUMMERS PM, WEBLEY GE: Embryonic signals during the peri-implantation period in primates. I Reprod. Feral Sapp]. (1988) 36:49–58.
  • NORWITZ ER, SCHUST DJ, FISHER SJ: Implantation and the survival of early pregnancy. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:1400–1408.
  • •Excellent review of the current state of knowledge regarding implantation of the fetus.
  • LAPTHORN AJ, HARRIS DC, LITTLEJOHN A et al: Crystal structure of chorionic gonadotropin. Nature (1994) 369:455–461.
  • •The X-ray crystallographic structure of hC G.
  • TALWAR GP: Vaccines and passive immunological approaches for the control of fertility and hormone-dependent cancers. Immunol Rev (1999) 171:173–192.
  • •Extensive overview of hCG-based active and passive immunisation.
  • PAL R, SINGH 0: Absence of corpus luteum rescue by chorionic gonadotropin in women immunized with a contraceptive vaccine. Feral Sterd. (2001) 76:332–336.
  • •Provides important evidence that endogenous hormones probably will not act as boosters for contraceptive vaccines.
  • STEVENS VC: Progress in the development of human chorionic gonadotropin antifertility vaccines. Am. I Reprod. Immunol (1996) 35:148–155.
  • JONES WR, BRADLEY J, JUDD SJ et al.: Phase I clinical trial of a World Health Organisation birth control vaccine. Lancet (1988) i:1295–1298.
  • ••The WHO-sponsored trial using the CTPfrom hC G.
  • STEVENS VC: Antifertility vaccines. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Perlmann, P and Wigzell, H. (Eds) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany. (1999) 133:443–461, •Well worth digging out this authoritativereview.
  • CEKAN SZ, AEDO AR: Assays of antibodies to a C-terminal peptide or the entire 13-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. I Clin. Lab. Anal. (1998) 12:60–64.
  • MOUD GAL NR, JEYAKUMAR M, KRISHNAMURTHY HN et al.: Development of male contraceptive vaccine-a perspective. Hum. Reprod. Update (1997) 3:335–346.
  • MOUD GAL NR, DIGHE RR: Is FSH based contraceptive vaccine a feasible proposition for the human male? In: Reproductive Immunology Gupta SK (ed.) Narosa, New Delhi, India (1999):346–357.
  • •Summarises the results of the Phase I trial of an FSH-based vaccine and includes supporting data from studies in rats and bonnet monkeys.
  • ADIGA PR, SUBRAMANIAN S, RAO J, KUMAR M: Prospects of riboflavin carrier protein (RCP) as an antifertility vaccine in male and female mammals. Hum. Reprod. Update (1997) 3:325–334.
  • SUBRAMANIAN S, KARANDE AA, ADIGA PR: Immunocontraceptive potential of major antigenic determinants of chicken riboflavin carrier protein in the female rat. Vaccine (2000) 19:1172–1179.
  • LADD A, PRABHU G, TSONG YY et al.: Active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone combined with androgen supplementation is a promising antifertility vaccine for males. Am.,/ Reprod. Immunol Microbial. (1988) 17:121–127.
  • MILLER LA, JOHNS BE, ELIAS DJ, CRANE KA: Comparative efficacy of two immunocontraceptive vaccines. Vaccine (1997) 15:1858–1862.
  • FERRO VA, STIMSON WH: Immunoneutralisation of gonadotrophin releasing hormone: a potential treatment for oestrogen-dependent breast cancer. Eui: Cancer (1997) 33:1468–1478.
  • MILLAR R, LOWE S, CONKLIN D, PAWSON A et al.: A novel mammalian receptor for the evolutionarily conserved Type II GnRH. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:9636–9641.
  • •Further important evidence that both GnRH and GnRH receptors comprise several different isoforms, showing a hitherto unappreciated complexity.
  • NEILL JD, DUCK LW, SELLERS JC, MUSGROVE LC: A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor specific for GnRH II in primates. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2001) 282:1012–1018.
  • •Another paper indicating the potential complexity of different GnRH isoforms and receptors.
  • FERRO VA, KHAN MA, LATIMER VS et al.: Immunoneutralisation of GnRH-I, without cross-reactivity to GnRH-II, in the development of a highly specific anti-fertility vaccine for clinical and veterinary use. J. Reprod. Immunol (2001) 51:109–129.
  • GUPTA A, PAL R, AHLAWAT S et al.: Enhanced immunogenicity of a contraceptive vaccine using diverse synthetic carriers with permissible adjuvant. Vaccine (2001) 19:3384–3389.
  • SEFERIAN PG, MARTINEZ ML: Immune stimulating activity of two new chitosan-containing adjuvant formulations. Vaccine (2001) 19:661–668.
  • SINGH M, SINGH 0, TALWAR GP: Biodegradable delivery system for a birth control vaccine: immunogenicity studies in rats and monkeys. Pharm. Res. (1995) 12:1796–1800.
  • MUKHOPADHYAY A: Reversible protection of disulfide bonds followed by oxidative folding render recombinant hCC,I3 highly immunogenic. Vaccine (2000) 18: 1802-1810.
  • GUPTA A, CHANDRASEKHAR S, PAL R et al.: High expression of human chorionic gonadotrophin I3-subunit using a synthetic vaccinia virus promoter. J. Ma Endocrinoi (2001) 26:281–287.
  • ROCK EP et al.: Immunogenicity of a fusion protein linking the 13 subunit carboxyl terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB). Vaccine (1996) 14:1560–1568.
  • JACKSON AM, KLONISCH T, LAPTHORN AJ et al: Identification and selective destruction of shared epitopes in human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit. Repro. Immunol (1996) 31:21–26.
  • PORAKISHVILI N, DALLA CHIESA M, CHIKADZE N et al.: Elimination of luteinizing hormone cross-reactive epitopes from human chorionic gonadotropin. Vaccine (2002) 20:2053–2059.
  • DALLA CHIESA M, MARTENSEN PM, SIMMONS C et al.: Refocusing of B-cell responses following a single amino acid substitution in an antigen. Immunology (2001) 103:172–178.
  • TONG Z-B, DEAN J: Contraceptive vaccine strategies that target the zona pellucida. In: Reproductive Immunology. Bronson RA, Alexander NJ, Anderson D, Branch DW, Kutteh WH (Eds). Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA, USA. (1996):683–692.
  • GUPTA SK, GOVIND CK, SENTHIL D et al.: Molecular characterization of non-human primate zona pellucida glycoproteins. In: Reproductive Immunology Gupta SK (Ed). Narosa, New Delhi, India (1999):33–44.
  • LEA IA, WIDGREN EE, O'RAND MG et al.: Analysis of recombinant mouse zona pellucida protein 2 (ZP2) constructs for immunocontraception. Vaccine (2002) 20:1515–1523.
  • •This study utilised a fusion protein between sperm and egg antigens; similar approaches may eventually lead to a highly efficacious vaccine.
  • VANDEVOORT CA, SCHWOEBEL ED, DUNBAR BS: Immunization of monkeys with recombinant complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid expressed zona pellucida proteins. Feral. Sterd. (1995) 64:838–847.
  • SKINNER SM, PRASAD SV, NDOLO, TM, DUNBAR BS: Zona pellucida antigens: targets for contraceptive vaccines. Am. Reprod. Immunol. (1996) 35:163–174.
  • MAHI-BROWN CA: Primate response toimmunization with a homologous zona pellucida peptide. I Reprod. Feral. Sapp]. (1996) 50:165–174.
  • GOVIND CK, GUPTA SK: Failure of female baboons (Papio anubis) to conceive following immunization with recombinant non-human primate zona pellucida glycoprotein-B expressed in Escherichia coil. Vaccine (2000) 18:2970–2978.
  • •A small but important study providing optimism for the use of ZP antigens in contraceptive vaccines.
  • PATERSON M, JENNINGS ZA, WILSON MR, AITKEN RJ: The contraceptive potential of ZP3 and ZP3 peptides in a primate model. I Reprod. Immunol (2002) 53:99–107.
  • MARTINEZ ML, HARRIS JD: Effectiveness of zona pellucida protein ZPB as an immunocontraceptive antigen. J. Reprod. Perth. (2000) 120:19–32.
  • SKINNER SM, SCHWOEBEL ES, PRASAD SV, OGUNA M, DUNBAR BS: Mapping of dominant B-cell epitopes of a human zona pellucida protein (ZP1). Biol. Repro. (1999) 61:1373–1380.
  • MILLAR SE, CHAMOW SM, BAUR AW et al.: Vaccination with a synthetic zona pellucida peptide produces long-term contraception in female mice. Science (1989) 246:935–938.
  • AITKEN RJ, PATERSON M, VAN DUIN M: The potential of the zona pellucida as a target for immunocontraception. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. (1996) 35:175–180.
  • LOU Y, ANG J, THAI H, MCELVEEN F,TUNG KS: A zona pellucida peptide vaccine induces antibodies and reversible infertility without ovarian pathology. I Immunol (1995) 155:2715–2720.
  • AFZALPURKAR A, SHIBAHARA H, HASEGAWA A, KOYAMA K. GUPTA SK: Immunoreactivity and in-vitro effect on human sperm-egg binding of antibodies against peptides corresponding to bonnet monkey zona pellucida-3 glycoprotein. Hum. Reprod. (1997) 12:2664–2670.
  • SUN W, LOU YH, DEAN J, TUNG KS: A contraceptive peptide vaccine targeting sulfated glycoprotein ZP2 of the mouse zona pellucida. Biol. Reprod. (1999) 60:900–907.
  • HINSCH E, OEHNINGER S, SCHILL WB, HINSCH KD: Species specificity of human and murine anti-ZP3 synthetic peptide antisera and use of the antibodies for localization and identification of ZP3 or ZPC domains of functional significance. Hum. Reprod. (1999) 14:419–428.
  • SHIGETA M, HASEGAWA A, HAMADA Y, KOYAMA K: Analysis of B cell epitopes of a glycoprotein porcine zona pellucida (pZP1).j Reprod. I,nmunol. (2000) 47:159–168.
  • GOVIND CK, HASEGAWA A, KOYAMA K, GUPTA SK: Delineation of a conserved B cell epitope on Bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) and human zona pellucida glycoprotein-B by monoclonal antibodies demonstrating inhibition of sperm-egg binding. Biol. Reprod. (2000) 62:67–75.
  • PATERSON M, JENNINGS ZA, VAN DUIN M, AITKEN RJ: Immunocontraception with zona pellucida proteins. Cells Tissues Organs (2000) 166:228–232.
  • HASEGAWA A, HAMADA Y, SHIGETA M, KOYAMA K: Contraceptive potential of synthetic peptides of zona pellucida protein (ZPA). Reprod. Immunol (2002) 53:91–8.
  • DIEKMAN AB, HERR JC: Sperm antigens and their use in the development of an immunocontraceptive. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol (1997) 37:111–117.
  • •Review from one of the leading groups investigating sperm antigens as components of contraceptive vaccines.
  • GOLDBERG E: Infertility in female rabbits immunized with lactate dehydrogenase X. Science (1973) 181:458–459.
  • O'HERN PA, BAMBRA CS, ISAHAKIA M, GOLDBERG E: Reversible contraception in female baboons immunized with a synthetic epitope of sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase. Biol. Reprod. (1995) 52:331–339.
  • O'HERN PA, LIANG ZG, BAMBRA CS, GOLDBERG E: Colinear synthesis of an antigen-specific B-cell epitope with a 'promiscuous' tetanus toxin T-cell epitope: a synthetic peptide immunocontraceptive. Vaccine (1997) 15:1761–1766.
  • GOLDBERG E, HERR JC: LDH-C4 as acontraceptive vaccine. In: Reproductive ImmunologyGupta SK (Ed). Narosa, New Delhi, India (1999):309–315.
  • O'RAND MG, WIDGREN EE: Identification of sperm antigen targets for immunocontraception: B-cell epitope analysis of Sp17. Reprod. Perth. Dev (1994) 6:289–296.
  • LEA IA, VAN LIEROP MJ, WIDGREN EE: A chimeric sperm peptide induces antibodies and strain-specific reversible infertility in mice. Biol. Reprod. (1998) 59:527–536.
  • PRIMAKOFF P, LATHROP W, WOOLMAN L, COWAN A, MYLES D: Fully effective contraception in male and females guinea pigs immunized with the sperm protein PH-20. Nature (1988) 335:543–546.
  • PRIMAKOFF P, WOOLMAN- GAMERL,TUNG KS, MYLES DG: Reversible contraceptive effect of PH-20 immunization in male guinea pigs. Biol. Reprod. (1997) 56:1142–1146.
  • LIN Y, KIMMEL LH, MYLES DG, PRIMAKOFF P: Molecular cloning of the human and monkey sperm surface protein PH-20. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:10071–10075.
  • TUNG KS, PRIMAKOFF P, WOOLMAN-GAMER L, MYLES DG: Mechanism of infertility in male guinea pigs immunized with sperm PH-20. Biol. Reprod. (1997) 56:1133–1141.
  • NAZ RK, PHILLIPS TM, ROSENBLUM BB: Characterization of the fertilization antigen 1 for the development of a contraceptive vaccine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986) 83:5713–5717.
  • NAZ RK, ZHU X: Recombinant fertilization antigen-1 causes a contraceptive effect in actively immunized mice. Biol. Reprod. (1998) 59:1095–1100.
  • NAZ RK: Vaccine for contraceptive targeting sperm. Immunol Rev (1999) 171:193–202.
  • VANAGE GR, MEHTA PB, MOODBIDRI SB AND IYERKSN: Effect of immunization with synthetic peptide corresponding to region 1-17 of human seminal plasma inhibin on fertility of male rats. Arch. Andra (2000) 44:11–21.
  • HERR JC, FLICKINGER CJ, HOMYK M, KLOTZ K, JOHN E: Biochemical and morphological characterization of intra-acrosomal antigen SP-10 from human sperm. Biol. Reprod. (1990) 42:181–193.
  • KURTH BE, BRYANT D, NAABY-HANSEN S et al.: Immunological response in the primate oviduct to a defined recombinant sperm immunogen. Reprod. Immunol (1997) 35:135–150.
  • ZHU X, NAZ RK: Sequence homology among sperm antigens involved in mammalian fertilization: search for a common epitope for immunocontraception. Arch. Andra (1994) 33:141–144.
  • NAZ RK: Fertilization-related sperm antigens and their immunocontraceptive potentials. Am. J. Repro. Immunol (2000) 44:41–46.
  • NORTON EJ, DIEKMAN AB, WESTBROOK VA, FLICKINGER CJ, HERR JC: RASA, a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody directed against the human sperm surface: implications for novel contraceptives. Hum. Reprod. (2001) 16:1854–1860.
  • •A candidate for passive immunisation against human sperm.
  • TRIVEDI RN, NAZ RK: Testis-specific antigen (TSA-1) is expressed in murine sperm and its antibodies inhibit fertilization. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol (2002) 47:38–45.
  • BEAGLEY KW, WU ZL, POMERING M, JONES RC: Immune responses in the epididymus: implications for immunocontraception. Reprod. Feral. Sapp]. (1998) 53:235–245.
  • GOLDBERG E, VAN DE BERG JL, MAHONY MC, DONCEL GF: Immune response of male baboons to testis-specific LDH-C(4). Contraception (2001) 64:93–98.
  • TOLLNER TL, OVERSTREET JW, BRANCIFORTE D, PRIMAKOFF PD: Immunization of female cynomolgus macaques with a synthetic epitope of sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase results in high antibody titers but does not reduce fertility. MM. Reprod. Dev (2002) 62:257–264.
  • GAUDREAULT C, MONTFORT L, SULLIVAN R: Effect of immunization of hamsters against recombinant P26h on fertility rates. Reproduction (2002) 123:307–313.
  • CLAYTON R, COOKE ID, PARTRIDGE LJ, MOORE HD: A combinatorial phage display library for the generation of specific Fab fragments recognizing human spermatozoa and inhibiting fertilizing capacity M vitro. Biol. Reprod. (1998) 59:1180–1186.
  • SINGH M, DAS SK, SURI S, SINGH 0, TALWAR GP: Regain of fertility and normality of progeny born during below protective threshold antibody titers in women immunized with the HSD-hCG vaccine. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. (1998) 39:395-398. Follow-up studies on women immunised with the HSD vaccine.
  • ROSE NR: Immunological hazards associated with vaccination of humans. J. Autoimmunig, (2000) 14:11–13.

Websites

  • http://www.un.org/popin POPIN: United Nations Population Information Network.
  • ••An extensive web-based source of information on all matters relating to population.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.