Bibliography
- Bibliography Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (*) or of considerable interest (88) to readers.
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- •A comprehensive review of the effects of PTH on bone.
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- •A large, prospective study of PTH (1–34) treatment showing decreased fracture, resulting in approval by the FDA for osteoporosis treatment.
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- •A large, multi-centre study showing improved BMD with strontium treatment for osteoporosis.
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- RONKIN S, CLARKE L, BOUDES P, CONSTANTINE B: TSE-424, a novel tissue selective estrogen, reduces biochemical indices of bone metabolism in a dose related fashion. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16:S413.
- •An abstract showing dose-dependent suppression of markers of bone turnover with bazedoxifene.
- YLIKORKALA NO: Data presented at 2002 North American Menopause Society. Meeting of North American Menopause Society Chicago, IL, USA (2002).
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- MOFFETT A: Emerging data and experience with lasofoxifene: highlights from clinical trials. Symposium at International Osteoporosis Foundation - World Congress on Osteoporosis, Lisbon, Portugal (2002).
- CHAVASSIEUX P, GARNERO P, DUBOEUF F et al.: Effects of a new selective estrogen receptor modulator (MDL 103,323) on cancellous and cortical bone in ovariectomized ewes: a biochemical, histomorphometric, and densitometric study. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16:89–96.
- AMMANN P, BOURRIN S, BONJOUR JP, MEYER JM, RIZZOLI R: The new selective estrogen receptor modulator MDL 103,323 increases bone mineral density and bone strength in adult ovariectomized rats. Osteoporos. hat. (1999) 10:376.
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- ALEXANDERSEN P, RIIS BJ, STAKKESTAD JA, DELMAS PD, CHRISTIANSEN C: Efficacy of levormeloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and on the lipid profile compared to low dose hormone replacement therapy. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. (2001) 86:755–760.
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- GALLAGHER JC, BAYLINK DJ, FREEMAN R, MCCLUNG MR: Prevention of bone loss with tibolone in postmenopausal women: results of two randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding studies. I Clin. Endocrin. Metab. (2001) 86:4717–4726.
- •Results of two large randomised studies showing that tibolone increases bone density in postmenopausal women.
- RYMER J, ROBINSON J, FOGELMAN I: Effects of 8 years of treatment with tibolone 2.5 mg daily on postmenopausal bone loss. Osteoporos. mt. (2001) 12:478–483.
- STUDD J, ARNALA I, KICOVIC PM et al.: A randomized study of tibolone on bone mineral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women with previous fractures. Obstet. Cynecol (1998) 92:574–579.
- MILNER M, HARRISON RF, GILLIGAN E, KELLY A: Bone density changes during two years treatment with tibolone or conjugated estrogens and norgestrel, compared with untreated controls in postmenopausal women. Menopause (2000) 7:327–333.
- HAMMAR M, CHRISAU S, NATHORST-BOOS J, RUD T, GARRE K: A double-blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continous combined hormone replacemnt therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms. Br. J. Obstet. Cynaec. (1998) 105:904–911.
- BERNING B, VAN KUIJK C, COELINGH BENNINK HJT, FAUSER BCJM: Absent correlation between vaginal bleeding and oestradiol levels or endometrial morphology during tibolone use in early postmenopausal women. Maturitas (2000) 35:81–88.
- GARNERO P, JAMIN C, BENHAMOU CL, PELISSIER C, ROUX C: Effects of tibolone and combined 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate on serum C-reactive protein in healthy post-menopausal women: a randomized trial. Hum. Reprod. (2002) 17:2748–2753.
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- SOMEKAWA Y, CHIGUCHI M, ISHIBASHI T, ASO T: Soy intake related to menopausal symptoms, serum lipids, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women. Obstet. Cynecol (2001) 97:109–115.
- MET J, YEUNG SSC, KUNG AWC: Highdietary phytoestrogen intake is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal but not premeonapusal women. I Clin. Endocrin. Metab. (2001) 86:5217–5221.
- ADAMI S, BUFALINO L, CERVETTI R et al.: Ipriflavone prevents radial bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass over 2 years. Osteop. Internat. (1997) 7:119–125.
- GENNARI C, AGNUSDEI D, CREPALDI G et al.: Effect of ipriflavone - a synthetic derivative of natural isoflavones-on bone mass loss in the early years after menopause. Menopause (1998) 5:9–15.
- CLIFTON-BLIGH PB, BABER RJ, FULCHER GR, NERY ML, MORETON T: The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover (Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism. Menopause (2001) 8:259–265.
- ALEXANDERSEN P, TOUSSAINT A, CHRISTIANSEN C et al.: Ipriflavone in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. JAMA (2001) 285:1482–1488.
- •A large, multi-centre European study which showed no benefit of ipriflavone on bone density or fractures. Ipriflavone subjects developed neutropenia.
- DUNFORD JE, THOMPSON K, COXON FP et al: Strucuture-activity relationships for inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase in vitro and inhibition of bone resorption in vivo by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. j Pharm. Exp. Ther. (2001) 296:235–242.
- SZABO CM, MARTIN MB, OLDFIELD E: An investigation of bone resorption and Dictyostelium discoideum growth inhibition by bisphosphonate drugs. J. Med. Chem. (2002) 45:2894–2903.
- RAVN P, CLEMMESEN B, RIIS BJ, CHRISTIANSEN C: The effect on bone mass and bone markers of different doses of ibandronate: a new bisphosphonate for prevention and treatment of postmenopuasal osteopororosis: a 1-year, randomized, double-bline, placebo-controlled dose-finding study. Bone (1996) 19:527–533.
- RIIS BJ, ISE J, VON STEIN T, BAGGER Y, CHRISTIANSEN C: Ibandronate: a comparison of oral daily dosing versus intermittent dosing in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16:1871–1878.
- •A study comparing daily versus intermittent dosing of ibandronate. Intermittent dosing regimens showed loss of bone suppression between doses.
- MORII H, NISHIZAWA Y, TAKETANI Y et al.: A randomized controlled trial with ONO-5920 (minodronate/YM529) in Japanese patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone Miner. Res. (2002) 17:M342.
- REID IR, BROWN JP, BURCKHARDT P et al.: Intravenous zoledronic acid in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:653–661.
- •A study showing equivalent efficacy with every 3, 6 or 12 month dosing with sustained suppression of bone resorption.
- PECHERSTORFER M, LOHO N, MIRZAI S et al: Tr-monthly intravenous injections of ibandronate (2 mg) for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16S1:5406.
- FAHRLEITNER A, PRENNER G, LEB Get al.: Combination therapy with ibandronate and calcitriol is effective in patients following liver transplantation. Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16S1:5287.
- SIMONET WS, LACEY DL, DUNSTAN CR et al.: Osteoprotegerin: a novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density. Cell (1997) 89:309–319.
- TSUDA E, GOTO M, MOCHIZUKI Y et al.: Isolation of a novel cytokine from human fibroblasts that specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 234:137–142.
- LACEY DL, TIMMS E, TAN HL et al.:Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell (1998) 93:165–176.
- YASUDA H, SHIMA N, NAKAGAWA N et al.: Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/ osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95:3597–3602.
- •Phase I study of OPG showing prolonged suppression of markers of bone turnover after one subcutaneous dose.
- BUCAY N, SAROSI I, DUNSTAN CR et al.: Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev. (1998) 12:1260–1268.
- BEKKER PJ, HOLLOWAY D, NAKANISHI A et al.: The effect of a single dose of osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women. I Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16:348–360.
- LARK MW, STROUP GB, JAMES IE et al.: A potent small molecule, nonpeptide inhibitor of cathepsin K (SB 331750) prevents bone matrix resorption in the ovariectomized rat. Bone (2002) 30:746–753.
- STROUP GB, LARK MW, VEBER DF et al.: Potent and selective inhibition of human cathepsin K leads to inhibition of bone resorption in vivo in a nonhuman primate. j Bone Miner. Res. (2001) 16:1739–1746.
- •Animal study showing efficacy in preventing bone loss in hypogonadal primates.
- HARTMAN GD, DUGGAN ME: avI33 Integrin antagonists as inhibitors of bone resorption. Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs (2000) 9:1281–1291.
- MOUSA SA: Anti-integrin as novel drug-discovery targets: potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications. Carr. Opin. Chem. Biol. (2002) 6:534–541.
- MILLER WH, BONDINELL WE, COUSINS RD et al.: Orally bioavailable nonpeptide vitronectin receptor antagonists with efficacy in an osteoporosis model. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (1999) 9:1807–1812.
- LARK MW, STROUP GB, HWANG SM et al.: Design and characterization of orally active Arg-Gly-Asp epetidomimetic vitronectin receptor antagonist SB 265123 for prevedtion of bone loss in osteoporosis. Pharm. Exp. Therap. (1999) 291:612–617.
- •A study showing inhibition of bone loss in an animal model of osteoporosis treated with SB265123, an integrin receptor antagonist.
- HUGHES FJ, BUTTERY LDK, HUKKANEN MVJ et al.: Cytokine-induced prostaglandin E2 synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 activity are regulated both by a nitric oxide-dependent and - independent mechanism in rat osteoblasts M vitro. I Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:1776–1782.
- VAN 'T HOF RJ, ARMOUR KJ, SMITH LM et al: Requirement of the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway for IL-1-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. Proc. Nati Acad. ScL USA (2000) 97:7993–7998.
- AKATSU T, TAKAHASHI N, UDAGAWA N et al: Role of prostaglandins in interleukin-1 -induced bone resorption in mice M vitro. Bone Miner. Res. (1991) 6:183–190.
- MORTON DJ, BARRETT CE, SCHNEIDER DL: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bone mineral density in older women: the Rancho Bernardo study. Bone Miner. Res (1998) 13:1924–1931.
- MACINTYRE I, ZAIDI M, TOWHIDUL ALAM ASM et al.: Osteoclastic inhibition: an action of nitric oxide not mediated by cyclic GMP. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:2936–2940.
- WIMALAWANSA S, CHAPA T, FANG L et al.: Frequency-dependent effect of nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin on bone. Bone Miner. Res. (2000) 15:1119–1125.
- ARMOUR KJ, VAN 'T HOF RJ, ARMOUR KE et al.: Inhibition of bone resorption in vitro and prevention of ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo by flurbiprogen nitroxybutylester (HCT-1026). Arthritis Rheum. (2001) 44:2185-2192. Study showing prevention of bone loss in OVX mice treated with HCT-1026, a NO-NSAID.
- SHAKESPEARE W, YANG M, BOHACEK R et al.: Structure-based design of an osteoclast-selective, nonpeptide Src homology 2 inhibitor with in vivo antiresorptive activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000) 97:9373–9378.
- MISSBACH M, JESCHKE M, FEYE J et al.: A novel inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Src suppresses phosphorylation of tis major cellular substrates and reduces bone resorption M vitro and in rodent models M vivo. Bone (1999) 24:437–449.
- •Study showing in vitro and in vivo effects of a Src inhibitor on bone resorption.
- MUNDY GR, GARRETT R, HARRIS S et al.: Stimulation of bone formation M vitro and in rodents by statins. Science (1999) 286:1946–1949.
- CHUNG YS, LEE MD, LEE SK, KIM HM, FITZPATRICK LA: HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors increase BMD in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Clio. Endocrin. Metab. (2000) 85:1137–1142.
- EDWARDS CJ, HART DJ, SPECTOR TD: Oral statins and increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Lancet (2000) 355:2218–2219.
- SIROLA J, HONKANEN R, KROEGER H et al.: Relation of statin use and bone loss: a prospective population-based cohort study in early postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. mt. (2002) 13:537–541.
- CAULEY JA, JACKSON R, PETTINGER M et al.: Statin use and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women: the women's health initiative observational study (VVHI-OS). j Bone Miner. Res. (2000) 15S1:S155.
- CHAN KA, ANDRADE SE, BOLES M et al.: Inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and risk of fracture among older women. Lancet (2000) 355:2185–2188.
- WANG PS, SOLOMON DH, MOGUN H, AVORN J: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients. JAMA (2000) 283:3211–3216.
- MEIER CR, SCHLIENGER RG, KRAENZLIN ME, SCHLE GEL B, JICK H: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of fractures. JAMA (2000) 283:3205–3210.
- •Case control study using the General Practice Research Database from the UK showing decreased fracture risk with statin use.
- VAN STAA TP, WEGMAN S, DE VRIES F, LEUFKENS B, COOPER C: Use of statins and risk of fractures. JAM (2001) 285:1850–1855.
- •Case control study using the General Practice Research Database from the UK showing no evidence for decreased fracture risk with statin use.
- REID IR, HAGUE W, EMBERS ON J et al.: Effect of pravastatin on frequency of fracture in the LIPID study: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2001) 357:509–512.
- LACROIX AZ, CAULEY JA, JACKSON R et al.: Does statin use reduce risk of fracture in postmenopausal women? Bone Miner. Res. (2000) 15S1:S155.
- BAUER DC, BLACK DM, VAN DER KLIFT M: Statin use and fracture: a meta-analysis of 8 observational studies. Bone (2001) 28S:S89.
- MUNDY GR: Statins and their potential for osteoporosis. Bone (2001) 29:495–497.
- •A brief review of the effects of statins in vitro, in animal studies and in clinical trials.