102
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Rate control versus rhythm control for the management of atrial fibrillation: the verdict of the AFFIRM trial

Pages 1231-1237 | Published online: 02 Mar 2005

Bibliography

  • THE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION OF RHYTHM MANAGEMENT (AFFIRM) INVESTIGATORS: A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347:1825–1833.
  • ••The first large-scale randomised study evaluating the long-term outcomes of the management of AF comparing the two strategies of rate control versus rhythm control.
  • WOLF PA, MITCHELL JB, BAKER CS,KANNEL WB, D'AGOSTINO RB: Mortality and hospital costs associated with atrial fibrillation. Circulation (1995) 92:1–40.
  • RYDER KM, BENJAMIN EJ: Epidemiology and significance of atrial fibrillation. Am. Cardiol (1999) 84:131R–138R.
  • PACKER DL, BARDY GH, WORLEY SJ et al.: Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction. Am. I Cardiol (1986) 57:563.
  • MANNING WJ, LEEMAN DE, GOTCH PJ, COME PC: Pulsed Doppler evaluation of atrial mechanical function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol (1989) 13:617–623.
  • COPLEN SE, ANTMAN EM, BERLIN JA, HEWITT P, CHALMERS TC: Efficacy and safety of quinidine therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Circulation (1990) 82:1106.
  • EPSTEIN AE, HALLSTROM AP, ROGERS WJ et al.: Mortality following ventricular arrhythmia suppression by encainide, flecainide, and moricizine after myocardial infarction. The original design concept of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). JAMA (1993) 270:2451–2455.
  • BRUGADA J, BOERSMA L, KIRCHHOF C, ALLESSIE M: Proarrhythmic effects of flecainide.Experimental evidence for increased susceptibility to reentrant arrhythmias. Circulation (1991) 84:1808–1818.
  • VAN GELDER IC, CRIJNS HJ, TIELEMAN RG et al.: Chronic atrial fibrillation. Success of serial cardioversion therapy and safety of oral anticoagulation. Arch. Intern. Med. (1996) 156:2585–2592.
  • DAVID D, SEGNI ED, KLEIN HO, KAPLINSKY E: Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: beneficial effect of an added beta adrenergic blocking agent. Am. Cardiol (1979) 44:1378–1382.
  • HOHNLOSER SH, KUCK KH, LILIENTHAL J: Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation — Pharmacological Intervention in Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF): a randomised trial. Lancet (2000) 356:1789-1794. The PIAF study was the first study to suggest non-inferiority of the rate-control strategy as compared to the rhythm-control strategy with regards to symptom control.
  • LOUIS A, CLELAND JG, CRABBE S et al.: Clinical Trials Update: CAPRICORN, COPERNICUS, MIRACLE, STAF, RITZ-2, RECOVER and RENAISSANCE and cachexia and cholesterol in heart failure. Highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, 2001. Ear: J. Heart Fail (2001) 3:381–387.
  • VAN GELDER IC, HAGENS VE, BOSKER HA et al.: A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl." Med. (2002) 347:1834–1840.
  • •The RACE study: a Dutch study published simultaneously in the same journal confirmed the results of the AFFIRM trial. It compared rate-slowing therapy to serial cardioversions plus therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs to maintain sinus with no significant difference between the two strategies in the composite end point of cardiovascular death, heart failure, thromboembolic complications, bleeding, pacemaker implantation or severe adverse antiaiThythmic drug effects.
  • MANNING WJ, SILVERMAN DI, KEIGHLEY CS, OETTGEN P, DOUGLAS PS: Transesophageal echocardiographically facilitated early cardioversion from atrial fibrillation using short-term anticoagulation: final results of a prospective 4.5-year study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1995) 25:1354–1361.
  • AMARENCO P, COHEN A, TZOURIO C et al: Atherosclerotic disease of the aortic arch and the risk of ischemic stroke. N Engl. I Med. (1994) 331:1474–1479.
  • THE STROKE PREVENTION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION INVESTIGATORS COMMITTEE ON ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: Transesophageal echocardiographic correlates of thromboembolism in high-risk patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann. Intern. Med. (1998) 128:639–647.
  • FERRARI E, VIDAL R, CHEVALLIER T,BAUDOUY M: Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and aortic debris as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1999) 33:1317–1322.
  • THE AF-CHF TRIAL INVESTIGATORS: Rationale and design of a study assessing treatment strategies of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: the Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) trial. Am. Heart" (2002) 144:597–607.
  • •An ongoing study evaluating the effect of AF therapy on the prognosis of patients with CHF randomising 1450 patients to rhythm control or rate control with drugs, a pacemaker or both, and AV nodal ablation.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.