Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands in atherosclerosis

Bibliography

• BRAISSANT 0, FOUFELLE F, SCOTTO C, DAUCA M, WAHLI W: Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-u, -13, and-yin the adult rat. Endocrinology (1996) 137:354–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLUTZKY J: Medicine. PPARs as therapeutic targets: reverse cardiology? Science (2003) 302:406–407.
   Google Scholar
• RUBINS HB, ROBINS SJ, COLLINS D et al: Gemfibrozil for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in men with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial Study Group. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 341:410–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOI SH, CHOI DH, KO YK: Preventive effects of rosiglitazone on restenosis after coronary stenting in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes (2003) 52:A19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOSHIYAMA H, SHIMONO D, KUWAMURA N, MINAMIKAWA J, NAKAMURA Y: Rapid communication: inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on carotid arterial wall thickness in Type 2 diabetes. I Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2001) 86:3452–3456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDHU JS, COWAN D, KASKI JC: Effects of rosiglitazone on endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease without diabetes mellitus. Am. I Cardiol (2004) 94:151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILES-GONZALEZ JF, FUSTER V, BADIMON JJ: Atherothrombosis: A widespread disease with unpredictable and life-threatening consequences. Eur. Heart J. (2004) 25:1197–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILES-GONZALEZ JF, ANAND SX, VALDIVIEZO C et al: Update in atherothrombotic disease. Mt. Sinai J. Med. (2004) 71:197–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILES-GONZALEZ JF, BADIMON JJ: Atherothrombosis: the role of tissue factor. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (2004) 36:25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLUTZKY J: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as therapeutic targets in inflammation. J. Am. Coll Cardiol (2003) 42:1764–1766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTI R, FUSTER V, BADIMON JJ: Pathogenetic concepts of acute coronary syndromes. I Am. Coll. Cardiol (2003) 41:7S–14S.
   Google Scholar
• PETERS HARMEL AL, KENDALL DM, BUSE JB, BOYLE PJ, MARCHETTI A, LAU H: Impact of adjunctive thiazolidinedione therapy on blood lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Curl: Med. Res. Opin. (2004) 20:215–223.
   Google Scholar
• OLANSKY L, MARCHETTI A, LAU H: Multicenter retrospective assessment of thiazolidinedione monotherapy and combination therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes: comparative subgroup analyses of glycemic control and blood lipid levels. Ther. (2003) 25(Suppl. B):B64–B80.
   Google Scholar
• GEGICK CG, ALTHEIMER MD: Comparison of effects of thiazolidinediones on cardiovascular risk factors: observations from a clinical practice. Endocr. Pract. (2001) 7:162–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KO SH, SONG KH, AHN YB et al: The effect of rosiglitazone on serum lipoprotein(a) levels in Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism (2003) 52:731–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FREED MI, RATNER R, MARCOVINA SM et al.: Effects of rosiglitazone alone and in combination with atorvastatin on the metabolic abnormalities in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. Cardiol (2002) 90:947–952.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERBER P, LUBBEN G, HEUSLER S, DODO A: Effects of pioglitazone on metabolic control and blood pressure: a randomised study in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2003) 19:532–539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAJI A, SEELY EW, BEKINS SA, WILLIAMS GH, SIMONSON DC: Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Diabetes Care (2003) 26:172–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FULLERT S, SCHNEIDER F, HAAK E et al: Effects of pioglitazone in nondiabetic patients with arterial hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. I Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2002) 87:5503–5506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHARGORODSKY M, WAINSTEIN J, GAVISH D et al: Treatment with rosiglitazone reduces hyperinsulinemia and improves arterial elasticity in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Hypertens. (2003) 16:617–622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYAN MJ, DIDION SP, MATHUR S, FARACI FM, SIGMUND CD: PPAR(y) agonist rosiglitazone improves vascular function and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive transgenic mice. Hypertension (2004) 43:661–666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIBBY P: Inflammation in atherosclerosis. Nature (2002) 420:868–874.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CALNEK DS, MAZZELLA L, ROSER S, ROMAN J, HART CM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:52–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAO L, LIU HR, GAO E et al: Antioxidative, antinitrative, and vasculoprotective effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation (2003) 108:2805–2811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHAAR JA, MULLER JE, FALK E et al: Terminology for high-risk and vulnerable coronary artery plaques. Eur. Heart J. (2004) 25:1077–1082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALLAT Z, TED GUI A: Current perspective on the role of apoptosis in atherothrombotic disease. Circ. Res. (2001) 88:998–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUTTER R, VALDIVIEZO C, SAUTER BV et al: Caspase-3 and tissue factor expression in lipid-rich plaque macrophages: evidence for apoptosis as link between inflammation and atherothrombosis. Circulation (2004) 109: 2001-2008.
   Google Scholar
• PHILLIPS JW, BARRINGHAUS KG, SANDERS JM et al.: Rosiglitazone reduces the accelerated neointima formation after arterial injury in a mouse injury model of Type 2 diabetes. Circulation (2003) 108: 1994-1999.
   Google Scholar
• KANEHARA H, TOHDA G, OIDA K, SUZUKI J, ISHII H, MIYAMORI I: Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone. Thromb. Res. (2002) 108:227–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAFFNER SM, GREENBERG AS, WESTON WM, CHEN H, WILLIAMS K, FREED MI: Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation (2002) 106:679–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HETZEL M, WALCHER D, GRUB M, BACH H, HOMBACH V, MARX N: Inhibition of MMP-9 expression by PPARy activators in human bronchial epithelial cells. Thorax (2003) 58:778–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONG FQ, LI H, CAI WM et al: Effectsof pioglitazone on expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in kidneys of diabetic rats. Chin. Med. J. (2004) 117:1040–1044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARX N, FROEHLICH J, SIAM L et al:Antidiabetic PPARy -activator rosiglitazone reduces MMP-9 serum levels in Type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:283–288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEVE BP, CORSEAUX D, CHINETTI G et al.: PPARa agonists inhibit tissue factor expression in human monocytes and macrophages. Circulation (2001) 103:207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN Z, ISHIBASHI S, PERREY S et al: Troglitazone inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice: pleiotropic effects on CD36 expression and HDL. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2001) 21:372–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIBBONS GH, PRATT RE, DZAU VJ: Vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy versus hyperplasia. Autocrine transforming growth factor-01 expression determines growth response to angiotensin II. J. Clin. Invest. (1992) 90:456–461.
   Google Scholar
• DIEP QN, EL MABROUK M, COHN JS et al: Structure, endothelial function, cell growth, and inflammation in blood vessels of angiotensin II-infused rats: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y. Circulation (2002) 105:2296–2302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKEDA K, ICHIKI T, TOKUNOU T et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y activators downregulate angiotensin II Type 1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circulation (2000) 102: 1834-1839.
   Google Scholar
• PERSHADSINGH HA: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y: therapeutic target for diseases beyond diabetes: quo vadis? Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2004) 13:215–228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DESOUZA CV, MURTHY SN, DIEZ J eta].: Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-a and y ligands on intimal hyperplasia after balloon catheter-induced vascular injury in Zucker rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. The]: (2003) 8:297–305.
   Google Scholar
• JARVISALO MJ, RAITAKARI M, TOIKKA JO et al: Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial intima-media thickness in children with Type 1 diabetes. Circulation (2004) 109: 1750-1755.
   Google Scholar
• DE DIOS ST, BRUEMMER D, DILLEY RJ et al.: Inhibitory activity of clinical thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-y ligands toward internal mammary artery, radial artery, and saphenous vein smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circulation (2003) 107:2548–2550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTI R, FUSTER V, FAYAD ZA et Lipid lowering by simvastatin induces regression of human atherosclerotic lesions: two years' follow-up by high-resolution noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation (2002) 106:2884–2887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTI R, OSENDE JI, FALLON JT eta].: The selective peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist has an additive effect on plaque regression in combination with simvastatin in experimental atherosclerosis: in vivo study by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. (2004) 43:464–473.
   Google Scholar
• ••A demonstration of the regression ofatherosclerosis by a PPAR-y agonist in vivo.
   Google Scholar
• HERZ M, JOHNS D, REVIRIEGO J eta].: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin. Ther. (2003) 25:1074–1095.
   Google Scholar
• FRICK MH, ELO 0, HAAPA K et Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia. Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, and incidence of coronary heart disease. N Engl. I Med. (1987) 317:1237–1245.
   Google Scholar
• ERICSSON CG, HAMSTEN A, NILSSON J, GRIP L, SVANE B, DE FAIRE U: Angiographic assessment of effects of bezafibrate on progression of coronary artery disease in young male postinfarction patients. Lancet (1996) 347:849–853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease: the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study. Circulation (2000) 102:21–27.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OLIVER WR Jr, SHENK JL,
   Google Scholar
• CHINETTI G, LESTAVEL S, BOCHER V et al: PPAR-a and PPAR-y activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway. Nat. Med. (2001) 7:53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MINNICH A, TIAN N, BYAN L, BILDER G: A potent PPARa agonist stimulates mitochondrial fatty acid 0-oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol Metab. (2001) 280:E270–E279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAGI T, YAMAMURO A, TAMITA K et al: Impact of troglitazone on coronary stent implantation using small stents in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Cardiol. (2002) 89:318-322. Expert Op/n. Investig. Drugs (2004) 13(11)
   Google Scholar
• MORIKANG E, BENSON SC, KURTZ TW, PERSHADSINGH HA: Effects of thiazolidinediones on growth and differentiation of human aorta and coronary myocytes. Am. J. Hypertens. (1997) 10:440–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIRMANI R, KOLODGIE FD, BURKE AP, FARB A, SCHWARTZ SM: Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. (2000) 20:1262–1275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUSTER V, CORTI R, FAYAD ZA, SCHWITTER J, BADIMON JJ: Integration of vascular biology and magnetic resonance imaging in the understanding of atherothrombosis and acute coronary syndromes. J. Thromb. Haemost. (2003) 1:1410–1421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIBBY P, RIDKER PM: Inflammation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. Am. J. Med. (2004) 116(Suppl. 6A):95–165.
   Google Scholar
• SWEETNAM PM, THOMAS HF, YARNELL JW, BAKER IA, ELWOOD PC: Total and differential leukocyte counts as predictors of ischemic heart disease: the Caerphilly and Speedwell studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1997) 145:416–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSS R: Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. N Engl. I Med. (1999) 340:115–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IIDA KT, KAWAKAMI Y, SUZUKI M et al.: Effect of thiazolidinediones and metformin on LDL oxidation and aortic endothelium relaxation in diabetic GK rats. Am. I Physiol Endocrinol Metab. (2003) 284:E1125–E1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COMINACINI L, GARBIN U, PASINI AF et al: The expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells is inhibited by troglitazone through its antioxidant activity. Cell Adhes. Commun. (1999) 7:223–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE CH, CHAWLA A, URBIZTONDO N et al: Transcriptional repression of atherogenic inflammation: modulation by PPAR-8. Science (2003) 302:453–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARX N, SUKHOVA GK, COLLINS T, LIBBY P, PLUTZKY J: PPARa activators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Circulation (1999) 99:3125–3131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAHAM IM, DALY LE, REFSUM HM et al: Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. The European Concerted Action Project. JAMA (1997) 277:1775–1781.
   Google Scholar
• ZENG X, DAI J, REMICK DG, WANG X: Homocysteine mediated expression and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 in human monocytes. Circ. Res. (2003) 93:311–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANAND SX, VILES-GONZALEZ JF, BADIMON JJ, CAVUSOGLU E, MARMUR JD: Membrane-associated CD4OL and sCD4OL in atherothrombotic disease. Thromb. Haemost. (2003) 90:377–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARO N, DE LEMOS JA, LIBBY P et al:Soluble CD4OL: risk prediction after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation (2003) 108:1049–1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VARO N, VICENT D, LIBBY P et al: Elevated plasma levels of the atherogenic mediator soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients: a novel target of thiazolidinediones. Circulation (2003) 107:2664–2669.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEESCHEN C, DIMMELER S, HAMM CW et al.: Soluble CD40 ligand in acute coronary syndromes. N Eng]. J. Med. (2003) 348:1104–1111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARX N, IMHOF A, FROEHLICH J et al.: Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on soluble CD4OL in patients with Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Circulation (2003) 107: 1954-1957.
   Google Scholar
• AKBIYIK F, RAY DM, GETTINGS KF, BLUMBERG N, FRANCIS CW, PHIPPS RP: Human bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets express PPARy, and PPARy agonists blunt platelet release of CD40 ligand and thromboxanes. Blood (2004) 104:1361–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDHU JS, COWAN D, TOOZE JA, KASKI JC: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist rosiglitazone reduces circulating platelet activity in patients without diabetes mellitus who have coronary artery disease. Am. Heart' (2004) 147:e25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LINDAHL B, TOSS H, SIEGBAHN A, VENGE P, WALLENTIN L: Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease. FRISC Study Group. Fragmin during Instability in Coron. Artery Dis. N Eng]. I Med. (2000) 343:1139–1147.
   Google Scholar
• SATOH N, OGAWA Y, USUI T et al: Antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone in Type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of the responsiveness to its antidiabetic effect. Diabetes Care. (2003) 26:2493–2499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDHU JS, COWAN D, KASKI JC: The effects of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist, on markers of endothelial cell activation, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels in non-diabetic coronary artery disease patients. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. (2003) 42:1757–1763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAUCH U, CRANDALL J, OSENDE JI et al: Increased thrombus formation relates to ambient blood glucose and leukocyte count in diabetes mellitus Type 2. Am. J. Cardiol. (2000) 86:246–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUZZOCREA S, PISANO B, DUGO L et al: Rosiglitazone, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y, reduces acute inflammation. Eur..I. Pharmacol. (2004) 483:79–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUZZOCREA S, PISANO B, DUGO L et al: Rosiglitazone, a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y, reduces the development of nonseptic shock induced by zymosan in mice. Grit. Care Med. (2004) 32:457–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAMBOLA A, OSENDE J, HATHCOCK J et al: Role of risk factors in the modulation of tissue factor activity and blood thrombogenicity. Circulation (2003) 107:973–977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OSENDE JI, BADIMON JJ, FUSTER V et al: Blood thrombogenicity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control.' Am. Coll Cardiol. (2001) 38:1307–1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAGHAVI M, LIBBY P, FALK E et al: From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part II. Circulation (2003) 108:1772–1778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YUE TL TL, CHEN J, BAO W et al: hi vivo myocardial protection from ischemiaireperfusion injury by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist rosiglitazone. Circulation (2001) 104:2588–2594.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ITO H, NAKANO A, KINOSHITA M, MATSUMORI A: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist, attenuates myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury in a rat model. Lab. Invest. (2003) 83:1715–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIVARAJAH A, CHATTERJEE PK, PATEL NS et al.: Agonists of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-y reduce renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am. I Nephrol (2003) 23:267–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIOMI T, TSUTSUI H, HAYASHIDANI S et al.: Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist, attenuates left ventricular remodeling and failure after experimental myocardial infarction. Circulation (2002) 106:3126–3132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTIN-NIZARD F, FURMAN C, DELERIVE P et al: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelin-1 secretion in endothelial cells. ./. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol (2002) 40:822–831.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELERIVE P, MARTIN-NIZARD F, CHINETTI G et al.: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators inhibit thrombin-induced endothelin-1 production in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting the activator protein-1 signaling pathway. Circ. Res. (1999) 85:394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG LL, GROS R, KABIR MG et al: Conditional cardiac overexpression of endothelin-1 induces inflammation and dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Circulation (2004) 109:255–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IGLARZ M, TOUYZ RM, AMIRI F, LA VOTE ME DIEP QN, SCHIFFRIN EL: Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a and -y activators on vascular remodeling in endothelin-dependent hypertension. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (2003) 23:45–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHAZZI MN, PEREZ JE, ANTONUCCI TK et al: Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. The Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetes (1997) 46:433–439.
   Google Scholar
• OGINO K, FURUSE Y, UCHIDA K et al: Troglitazone improves cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. (2002) 16:215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG CH, WEISEL RD, LIU PP, FEDAK PW, VERMA S: Glitazones and heart failure: critical appraisal for the clinician. Circulation (2003) 107:1350–1354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEBOVITZ HE, DOLE JF, PATWARDHAN R, RAPPAPORT EB, FREED MI: Rosiglitazone Clinical Trials Study Group: rosiglitazone monotherapy is effective in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2001) 86:280–288.
   Google Scholar
• FONSECA V, ROSENSTOCK J, PAT WARDHAN R, SALZMAN A: Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2000) 283: 1695-1702.
   Google Scholar
• GOMEZ-PEREZ FJ, FANGHANEL-SALMON G, ANTONIO BARBOSA J et al.: Efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone plus metformin in Mexicans with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev (2002) 18:127–134.
   Google Scholar
• VONGTHAVARAVAT V, WAJCHENBERG BL, WAITMAN JN et al.: 125 Study Group: an international study of the effects of rosiglitazone plus sulphonylurea in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Curl: Med. Res. Opin. (2002) 18:456–461.
   Google Scholar
• RASKIN P, RENDELL M, RIDDLE MC, DOLE JF, FREED MI, ROSENSTOCK J: Rosiglitazone Clinical Trials Study Group: a randomized trial of rosiglitazone therapy in patients with inadequately controlled insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care (2001) 24:1226–1232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARONOFF S, ROSENBLATT S, BRAITHWAITE S, EGAN JW, MATHISEN AL, SCHNEIDER RL: Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. The Pioglitazone 001 Study Group. Diabetes Care (2000) 23:1605–1611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSENBLATT S, MISKIN B, GLAZER NB, PRINCE MJ, ROBERTSON KE: Pioglitazone 026 Study Group: the impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Coron. Artery Dis. (2001) 12:413–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EINHORN D, RENDELL M, ROSENZWEIG J, EGAN JW, MATHISEN AL, SCHNEIDER RL: Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with metformin in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The Pioglitazone 027 Study Group. Clin. Ther. (2000) 22:1395–1409.
   Google Scholar
• KIPNES MS, KROSNICK A, RENDELL MS, EGAN JW, MATHISEN AL, SCHNEIDER RL: Pioglitazone hydrochloride in combination with sulfonylurea therapy improves glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Med. (2001) 111:10–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSENSTOCK J, EINHORN D, HERSHON K, GLAZER NB, YU S: Pioglitazone 014 Study Group: efficacy and safety of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving stable insulin therapy. Int. J. Clin. Pract. (2002) 56:251–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar