The potential role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease

Bibliography

• DOODY RS, STEVENS JC, BECK C et al.: Practice parameter: management of dementia (an evidence-based review). Neurology (2001) 56:1154–1166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REISBERG B, DOODY R, STOFFLER A, SCHMITT F, FERRIS S, MOBIUS HJ: Memantine in moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl. I Med. (2003) 348: 1333–1341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARDY J, SELKOE DJ: The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science (2002) 297:353–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GONG Y, CHANG L, VIOLA KL et al.: Alzheimer's disease-affected brain: presence of oligomeric AB ligands (ADDLs) suggests a molecular basis for reversible memory loss. Proc. Nati Acad. Sri. USA (2003) 100:10417–10422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IN T'VELD BA, RUITENBERG A, HOFMAN A et al.: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. N Engl. I Med. (2001) 345:515–1521.
   Google Scholar
• ••This large, prospective, population-basedcohort study indicated that long-term use of NSAIDs may protect against Alzheimer's disease.
   Google Scholar
• ETMINAN M, GILLS, SAMII A: Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on risk of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BE Med. J. (2003) 327:128–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• CORNELIUS C, FASTBOM J, WINBLAD B, VIITANEN M: Aspirin, NSAIDs, risk of dementia, and influence of the apolipoprotein E c4 allele in an elderly population. Neuroepidemiology (2004) 23:135–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRETELER MMB, IN HET VELD B, HOFMAN A, STRICHER BH: A13-42 peptide lowering NSAIDs and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging (2002) 23:S286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANDI F, CESARI M, ONDER G, RUSSO A, TORRE S, BERNABEI R: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use and Alzheimer's disease in community-dwelling elderly patients. Am..! Ceriatr. Psychiatry (2003) 11:179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZANDI PP, SZEKELY CA, GREEN RC, BREITNER JC, WELSH-BOHMER KA: Pooled analysis of the association between different NSAIDs and AD: preliminary findings. Neurobiol. Aging (2004) 25:S5 (Abstract S1-03–03).
   Google Scholar
• McGEER PL, McGEER EG: Inflammation, autotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging (2001) 22:799–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLASKO I, VEERHUIS R, STAMPFER-KOUNTCHEV M, SAURWEIN-TEISSL M, EIKELENBOOM P, GRUBECK-LOEBENSTEIN B: Costimulatory effects of interferon-y and interleukin-10 or tumor necrosis factor a on the synthesis of A131-40 and A131-42 by human astrocytes. Neurobiol. Dis. (2000) 7:682–689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AISEN PS, DAVIS KL: Inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. Implications for therapy. Am. Psychiam (1994) 151:1105–1113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROGERS J, KIRBY LC, HEMPELMAN SR et al.: Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology (1993) 43:1609–1611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHARF S, MANDER A, UGONI A, VAJDA F, CHRISTOPHIDIS NP: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of diclofenadmisoprostol in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology (1999) 53:197–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AISEN PS, DAVIS KL, BERG JD et al.: A randomized controlled trial of prednisone in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease Cooperative Study. Neurology (2000) 54:588–593.
   Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• VAN GOOL WA, WEINSTEIN HC, SCHELTENS P, WALSTRA GJ, SCHELTENS PK: Effect of hydroxychloroquine on progression of dementia in early Alzheimer's disease: an 18-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet (2001) 358:455–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGEER PL, HARADA N, KIMURA H, McGEER EG, SCHULZER M: Prevalence of dementia amongst elderly Japanese with leprosy: apparent effect of chronic drug therapy. Dementia (1992) 3:146–149.
   Google Scholar
• BAIN A: Alzheimer's disease. Phase II trial results reported. Immune Network Ltd (2002) (Press release).
   Google Scholar
• McGEER PL: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors: rationale and therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease. Drugs Aging (2000) 17:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HO L, PUROHIT D, HAROUTUNIAN V et al.: Neuronal cyclooxygenase 2 expression in the hippocampal formation as a function of the clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. (2001) 58:487–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDREASSON KI, SAVONENKO A, VIDENSKY S et al.: Age-dependent cognitive deficits and neuronal apoptosis in cyclooxygenase-2 transgenic mice. Neuracci. (2001) 21:8198–8209.
   Google Scholar
• SAINATI SM, INGRAM DM, TALWALKER S, GEIS G: Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of celecoxib in the treatment of progression of Alzheimer's disease. 6th International Stockholm/ Springfield Symposium on Advances in Alzheimer Therapy Stockholm, Sweden (2000) 180.
   Google Scholar
• AISEN P, SCHAFER KA, GRUNDMAN M et al.: Effects of rofecoxib or naproxen versus placebo on Alzheimer's disease progression. JAMA (2003) 289:2819–2826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• REINES SA, BLOCK GA, MORRIS JC et al.: Rofecoxib: no effect on Alzheimer's disease in a 1-year, randomized, blinded, controlled study. Neurology (2004) 62:66–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAUNER LJ: Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and Alzheimer's disease: what's next? JAMA (2003) 289:2865–2867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VISSER H, THAL L, FERRIS S et al.: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of rofecoxib in patients with mild cognitive impairment. ACNP 42nd Annual Meeting. San Juan, Puerto Rico (2003).
   Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• TABET N, FELDMAND H: Ibuprofen for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev (2003) 2:CD004031.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN BK, MEINERT CL, BREITNER JC: Double placebo design in a prevention trial for Alzheimer's disease. Control. Chi'. Trials (2002) 23:93–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WEGGEN S, ERIKSEN JL, DAS P et al.: A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic A1342 independently of cyclooxygenase activity. Nature (2001) 414:212–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••This is the first study showing thatNSAIDs directly affect amyloid pathology In the brain by reducing Af342 peptide levels independently of COX activity.
   Google Scholar
• MORIHARA T, CHU T, UBEDA 0,41. BEECH W, COLE GM: Selective inhibition of A1342 production by NSAID R-enantiomers. ./. Neurochem. (2002) 83:1009–1012.
   Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI Y, HAYASHI I, TOMINARI Y et al: Sulindac sulphide is a42.noncompetitive y-secretase inhibitor that preferentially reduces Af342 generation. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:18664–18670.
   Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• ERIKSEN JL, SAGI SA, SMITH TE et al:• NSAIDs and enantiomers of flurbiprofen43.target y-secretase and lower Af342 in vivo. Clin. Invest. (2003) 112: 440–449.
   Google Scholar
• ••This is the most extensive study evaluatingthe in vitro and in vivo effects of many NSAIDs on amyloid-fl.
   Google Scholar
• GASPARINI L, RUSCONI L, XU H, DEL SOLDATO P, ONGINI E:44.Modulation of 13-amyloid metabolism by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in neuronal cell cultures. ./. Neurochem. (2004) 88:337–348.
   Google Scholar
• LIM GP, YANG F, CHEN P et al.:45. Ibuprofen suppresses plaque pathology in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci. (2000) 20:5709–5714.
   Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• LIM GP, YANG F, CHU T et al: Ibuprofen effects on Alzheimer pathology and open46.field activity in APPsw transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging (2001) 22:983–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAN Q, ZHANG J, LIU H et al: Anti-inflammatory drug therapy alters 13-amyloid processing and deposition in an animal47.model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci (2003) 23:7504–7509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEDEOGLU A, CHOI J, CORMIER K et al: Ibuprofen reduces A13(1–42)/A13(1–40) ratio in Alzheimer mice cortex at ages where no metabolic changes are noted by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 33rd48.Annual Meeting of SocitV of Neuioscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 295.2).
   Google Scholar
• JANTZEN PT, CONNOR KE, DICARLO G et al: Microglial activation49.and 13-amyloid deposit reduction caused by a nitric-oxide-releasing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in amyloid precursor protein plus presenilin-1 transgenic mice. Neurosci. (2002) 22:2246–2254.
   Google Scholar
• VAN GROEN T: HCT 1026 study in transgenic mice. Symposium on Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration. Catania, Italy (2004).50.
   Google Scholar
• • QUINN J, MONTINE T, MORROW J, WOODWARD WR, KULHANEK D, ECKENSTEIN F: Inflammation and cerebral amyloidosis are disconnected in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimmunol (2003) 137:32-41. LANZ TA, FICI GJ, MERCHANT KM: Lack of specific A13(1–42) suppression by NSAIDs in young, plaque-free Tg2576 mice and in guinea pig neuronal cultures. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (2004) (In Press). Paper of interest. DEMATTOS RB, BALES KR, CUMMINS DJ, PAUL SM, HOLTZMAN DM: Brain to plasma amyloid-I3 efflux: a measure of brain amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Science (2002) 295:2264-2267. SPARKS L: Benefit of atorvastatin in the treatment of AD. 8th International Montreal/Springfield Symposium on Advances in Alzheimer Therapy Montreal, Canada (2004). ERIKSEN JL, NICOLLE MM, PRESCOTT S et al: Chronic treatment of transgenic APP mice with R-flurbiprofen. Annual Meeting of the SocitV for Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003).
   Google Scholar
• HAUSS-WEGRZYNIAK B, VRANIAK P, WENK GL: The effects of a novel NSAID on chronic neuroinflammation are age dependent. Neurobiol Aging (1999) 20:305–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RICHARDSON RL, KIM EM, SHEPHARD RA, GARDINER T, CLEARY J, O'HARE E: Behavioural and histopathological analyses of ibuprofen treatment on the effect of aggregated A13(1-42) injections in the rat. Brain Res. (2002) 954:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MESCHES MH, GEMMA C, VENG LM et al.: Sulindac improves memory and increases NMDA receptor subunits in aged Fischer 344 rats. Neurobiol. Aging (2004) 25:315-324. SAGI SA, WEGGEN S, ERIKSEN J, GOLDE TE, KOO EH: The non-cyclooxygenase targets of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipoxygenases, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, inhibitor of KB kinase, and NficB, do not reduce amyloid 042 production. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:31825-31830. Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• SASTRE M, DEWACHTER I, LANDRETH GE et al.: Nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y agonists modulate immunostimulated processing of amyloid precursor protein through regulation of 13-secretase. ./. Neurosci. (2003) 23:9796–9804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUNG S, YANG H, URYU K et al: Modulation of NF-KB activity by indomethacin influences Af3 levels but not APP metabolism in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Am. Pathol (2004) (in press).
   Google Scholar
• ELLERBROCK BR, FLECK TJ, LANDRUM CS et al.: NSAID modulators of the y-secretase show similar potencies at inhibition of A01-42 and induction of Af31-38 as measured by a novel neoepitope-specific ELISA. 33rd Annual Meeting of SocitV of Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 667.10).
   Google Scholar
• WEGGEN S, ERIKSEN JL, SAGI SA et al.: Evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease amyloid 042 production by direct modulation of y-secretase activity. ./. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:31831–31837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• BEHER D, CLARKE EE, WRIGLEY JD et al: Selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their derivatives target y-secretase at a novel site-evidence for an allosteric mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) (in press).
   Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• SAGI SA, ERIKSEN JL, BEARD J et al.: A342 lowering NSAIDs can be converted into A342 raising agents by simple structural modifications. 33rd Annual Meeting of SocitV of Neurosdence. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 876.14).
   Google Scholar
• ZHOU Y, SU Y, LI B et al: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can lower amyloidogenic Af342 by inhibiting Rho. Science (2003) 302:1215–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• WEGGEN S, BERDEAUX R, KUMMER MP et al: Inhibitors of the Rho effector Rho-kinase (ROCK) modulate Af3 secretion but lack selectivity for Af342. Neurobiol. Aging (2004) 25:S583 (Abstract P4–380).
   Google Scholar
• LEWIS HD, PEREZ REVUELTA BI, NADIN A eta].: Catalytic site-directed y-secretase complex inhibitors do not discriminate pharmacologically between Notch S3 and 3-APP cleavages. Biochemistry (2003) 42:7580–7586.
   Google Scholar
• HADLAND BK, MANLEY NR, SU D et al: y-secretase inhibitors repress thymocyte development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:7487–7491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WONG GT, MANFRA D, POULET FM et al: Chronic treatment with the y-secretase inhibitor LY-411,575 inhibits 0-amyloid peptide production and alters lymphopoiesis and intestinal cell differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:2876–2882.
   Google Scholar
• MILANO J, McKAY J, DAGENAIS C et al: Modulation of Notch processing by y-secretase inhibitors causes intestinal goblet cell metaplasia and induction of genes known to specify gut secretory lineage differentiation. Taxica/. Sci. (2004) (in press).
   Google Scholar
• WEGGEN S, ERIKSEN JL, SAGI SA, PIETRZIK CU, GOLDE TE, KOO EH: A1342-lowering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs preserve intramembrane cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and ErbB-4 receptor and signaling through the APP intracellular domain. ./. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:30748–30754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Paper of interest.
   Google Scholar
• LABORDE AL, PEACH ML, PAULEY AM et al: NSAID modulators of the y-secretase show weak blockade of APP and Notch-gaL4-vp16 release compared to their efficacy at blocking A131-42 production. 33rd Annual Meeting of Society of Neurosdence. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 336.8).
   Google Scholar
• NYE JS, PAULEY AM, ELLERBROCK BR et al: NSAIDs that modulate y-site cleavages of APP have less potent effects upon the c-site cleavages of APP, Notch and ErbB4.33rd Annual Meeting of Society of Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 336.9).
   Google Scholar
• WRIGLEY JDJ, MARTIN ACL, CLARKE EE et al: Modulation versus inhibition — selected NSAIDs can act as y secretase inhibitors in vitro. 33rd Annual Meeting of Society of Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 295.2).
   Google Scholar
• PERINI R, FIORUCCI S, WALLACE JL: Mechanisms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced gastrointestinal injury and repair: a window of opportunity for cyclooxygenase-inhibiting nitric oxide donors. Can. J. Castroenterol (2004) 18:229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIORUCCI S, SANTUCCI L, SARDINA M et al: Effect of HCT 1026, a nitric oxide (NO) releasing derivative of flurbiprofen on gastrointestinal mucosa: a double blind placebo-controlled endoscopic study. Digestive Disease Week Meeting. Boston, MA, USA (2003).
   Google Scholar
• TOCCHETTI P, SARDINA M, SANTUS G, DEL SOLDATO P: Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of flurbiprofen after multiple administrations of HCT 1026, a NO-donating derivative of flurbiprofen, in humans. First Congress of the International Socieo, for Vascular Behavioural and Cognitive Disorders. Goteborg, Sweden (2003).
   Google Scholar
• FRIEDMAN JE, LEE J, KOH J et al: The indomethacin phospholipid derivative DP-155 lowers amyloidogenic A1342 in human APP transgenic mice. 33rd Annual Meeting of Socieo, of Neuroscience. New Orleans, LA, USA (2003) (Abstract 525.15).
   Google Scholar
• IMBIMBO BP, PERETTO I, RADAELLI S etal.: New flurbiprofen analogues, devoid of cyclooxygenase activity, selectively lower 13 amyloid1-42 secretion. Neurobiol Aging (2004) 25:S64 (Abstract 03-06–05).
   Google Scholar
• CIRRITO JR, HOLTZMAN DM: Amyloid 13 and Alzheimer's disease therapeutics: the devil may be in the details. Clin. Invest. (2003) 112:321–323.
   Google Scholar