528
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Targeting the VEGF pathway in metastatic bladder cancer

&

Bibliography

  • Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:5-29
  • Witjes JA, Comperat E, Cowan NC, et al. EAU guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: summary of the 2013 guidelines. Eur Urol 2014;65(4):778-92
  • Abdollah F, Gandaglia G, Thuret R, et al. Incidence, survival and mortality rates of stage-specific bladder cancer in United States: a trend analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2013;37(3):219-25
  • Rosenberg JE, Carroll PR, Small EJ. Update on chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer. J Urol 2005;174:14-20
  • Gray PJ, Lin CC, Jemal A, et al. Clinical-pathologic stage discrepancy in bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy: results from the national cancer data base. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014;88(5):1048-56
  • Raimondi C, Gradilone A, Gazzaniga P. Circulating tumor cells in early bladder cancer: insight into micrometastatic disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014;14(4):407-9
  • Gallagher DJ, Milowsky MI, Bajorin DF. Advanced bladder cancer: status of first-line chemotherapy and the search for active agents in the second-line setting. Cancer 2008;113:1284-93
  • von der Maase H, Sengelov L, Roberts JT, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4602-8
  • Gabrilove JL, Jakubowski A, Scher H, et al. Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutropenia and associated morbidity due to chemotherapy for transitional-cell carcinoma of the urothelium. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1414-22
  • Sternberg CN, de Mulder P, Schornagel JH, et al. Seven year update of an EORTC phase III trial of high-dose intensity M-VAC chemotherapy and G-CSF versus classic M-VAC in advanced urothelial tract tumours. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:50-4
  • Raj GV, Iasonos A, Herr H, et al. Formulas calculating creatinine clearance are inadequate for determining eligibility for Cisplatin-based chemotherapy in bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(19):3095-100
  • Dash A, Galsky MD, Vickers AJ, et al. Impact of renal impairment on eligibility for adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cancer 2006;107(3):506-13
  • De Santis M, Bellmunt J, Mead G, et al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(2):191-9
  • Stenzl A, Cowan NC, De Santis M, et al. Treatment of muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer: update of the EAU guidelines. Eur Urol 2011;59(6):1009-18
  • Culine S, Theodore C, De Santis M, et al. A phase II study of vinflunine in bladder cancer patients progressing after first-line platinum-containing regimen. Br J Cancer 2006;94(10):1395-401
  • Bellmunt J, Fougeray R, Rosenberg JE, et al. Long-term survival results of a randomized phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2013;24(6):1466-72
  • Bajorin DF, Dodd PM, Mazumdar M, et al. Long-term survival in metastatic transitional-cell carcinoma and prognostic factors predicting outcome of therapy. J Clin Oncol 1999;17(10):3173-81
  • Bellmunt J, Albanell J, Paz-Ares L, et al. Pretreatment prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced urothelial tumors treated in a phase I/II trial with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine. Cancer 2002;95(4):751-7
  • Bellmunt J, Choueiri TK, Fougeray R, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract experiencing treatment failure with platinum-containing regimens. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(11):1850-5
  • Bajorin D. The phase III candidate: can we improve the science of selection? J Clin Oncol 2004;22(2):211-13
  • Pinto A, Redondo A, Zamora P, et al. Angiogenesis as a therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2010;21(10):890-6
  • Song TY, Razvi H, McLean CA, et al. Prognostic value of angiogenesis and vascular invasion in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Can J Urol 1996;3(2):229-34
  • Zaravinos A, Volanis D, Lambrou GI, et al. Role of the angiogenic components, VEGFA, FGF2, OPN and RHOC, in urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Oncol Rep 2012;28(4):1159-66
  • Chai CY, Chen WT, Hung WC, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression correlates with focal macrophage infiltration, angiogenesis and unfavourable prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2008;61(5):658-64
  • Mizutani Y, Okada Y, Yoshida O. Expression of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in bladder carcinoma. Cancer 1997;79(6):1190-4
  • Li S, Nomata K, Sawase K, et al. Prognostic significance of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase expression in stage pT1 G3 bladder cancer. Int J Urol 2001;8(9):478-82
  • Reis ST, Leite KR, Piovesan LF, et al. Increased expression of MMP-9 and IL-8 are correlated with poor prognosis of Bladder Cancer. BMC Urol 2012;12:18
  • Grossfeld GD, Ginsberg DA, Stein JP, et al. Thrombospondin-1 expression in bladder cancer: association with p53 alterations, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89(3):219-27
  • Pons F, Bellmunt J. Sunitinib malate in the treatment of urothelial cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014;23(1):115-24
  • Aldebasi YH, Rahmani AH, Khan AA, et al. The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor in the progression of bladder cancer and diabetic retinopathy. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013;6(4):239-51
  • Bernardini S, Fauconnet S, Chabannes E, et al. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor as a prognostic factor in bladder cancer. J Urol 2001;166(4):1275-9
  • Keating GM. Bevacizumab: a review of its use in advanced cancer. Drugs 2014;74(16):1891-925
  • Osai WE, Ng CS, Pagliaro LC. Positive response to bevacizumab in a patient with metastatic, chemotherapy-refractory urothelial carcinoma. Anticancer Drugs 2008;19(4):427-9
  • Hahn NM, Stadler WM, Zon RT, et al. Phase II trial of cisplatin, gemcitabine, and bevacizumab as first-line therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Hoosier Oncology Group GU 04-75. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(12):1525-30
  • Rosenberg J. A Randomized Double-Blinded Phase III Study Comparing Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Bevacizumab to Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Placebo in Patients With Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00942331
  • Balar AV, Apolo AB, Ostrovnaya I, et al. Phase II study of gemcitabine, carboplatin, and bevacizumab in patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(6):724-30
  • Chiron M, Bagley RG, Pollard J, et al. Differential antitumor activity of aflibercept and bevacizumab in patient-derived xenograft models of colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014;13(6):1636-44
  • Schmid MK, Bachmann LM, Fas L, et al. Efficacy and adverse events of aflibercept, ranibizumab and bevacizumab in age-related macular degeneration: a trade-off analysis. Br J Ophthalmol 2015;99(2):141
  • Lockhart AC, Rothenberg ML, Dupont J, et al. Phase I study of intravenous vascular endothelial growth factor trap, aflibercept, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(2):207-14
  • Van Cutsem E, Tabernero J, Lakomy R, et al. Addition of aflibercept to fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan improves survival in a phase III randomized trial in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with an oxaliplatin-based regimen. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(28):3499-506
  • Twardowski P, Stadler WM, Frankel P, et al. Phase II study of Aflibercept (VEGF-Trap) in patients with recurrent or metastatic urothelial cancer, a California Cancer Consortium Trial. Urology 2010;76:923-6
  • Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Canfield S, et al. EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2014 Update. Eur Urol 2015;67(5(913):24
  • Sonpavde G, Jian W, Liu H, et al. Sunitinib malate is active against human urothelial carcinoma and enhances the activity of cisplatin in a preclinical model. Urol Oncol 2009;27(4):391-9
  • Geldart T, Chester J, Casbard A, et al. SUCCINCT: An Open-label, Single-arm, Non-randomised, Phase 2 Trial of Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Combination with Sunitinib as First-line Treatment for Patients with Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2015;67(4):599-602
  • Galsky MD, Hahn NM, Powles T, et al. Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and sunitinib for metastatic urothelial carcinoma and as preoperative therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2013;11(2):175-81
  • Bellmunt J, Gonzalez-Larriba JL, Prior C, et al. Phase II study of sunitinib as first-line treatment of urothelial cancer patients ineligible to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy: baseline interleukin-8 and tumor contrast enhancement as potential predictive factors of activity. Ann Oncol 2011;22(12):2646-53
  • Grivas PD, Daignault S, Tagawa ST, et al. Double-blind, randomized, phase 2 trial of maintenance sunitinib versus placebo after response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Cancer 2014;120(5):692-701
  • Gallagher DJ, Milowsky MI, Gerst SR, et al. Phase II study of sunitinib in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(8):1373-9
  • Theodore C. A Multicentre Phase II Trial to Determine the Efficacy of the Anti-Tyrosine Kinase Sunitinib (Sutent®) as Second Line Therapy in Patients With Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) of the Urothelium Which Failed or Progressed After First Line Chemotherapy for Advanced or Metastatic Disease. Available from https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00792025
  • Cheng T. A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase II Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of SU011248 Versus Placebo in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Transitional Cell Carcinoma Who Have Failed or Are Intolerant to Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00578526
  • Di Lorenzo G. Phase II Study of Sunitinib in Metastatic and Pretreated Urothelial Cancer. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00818350
  • Gallagher DJ, Al-Ahmadie H, Ostrovnaya I, et al. Sunitinib in urothelial cancer: clinical, pharmacokinetic, and immunohistochemical study of predictors of response. Eur Urol 2011;60(2):344-9
  • Fabian MA, Biggs WHIII, Treiber DK, et al. A small molecule-kinase interaction map for clinical kinase inhibitors. Nat Biotechnol 2005;23(3):329-36
  • Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2004;64(19):7099-109
  • Adnane L, Trail PA, Taylor I, et al. Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar), a dual-action inhibitor that targets RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in tumor cells and tyrosine kinases VEGFR/PDGFR in tumor vasculature. Methods Enzymol 2006;407:597-612
  • Knievel J, Schulz WA, Greife A, et al. Multiple mechanisms mediate resistance to sorafenib in urothelial cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014;15(11):20500-17
  • Rose A, Grandoch M, vom Dorp F, et al. Stimulatory effects of the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib on human bladder cancer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2010;160(7):1690-8
  • Shiota M, Eto M, Yokomizo A, et al. Sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant cells to sorafenib: possible role for inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha phosphorylation. Int J Oncol 2010;37(2):509-17
  • Sridhar SS, Winquist E, Eisen A, et al. A phase II trial of sorafenib in first-line metastatic urothelial cancer: a study of the PMH Phase II Consortium. Invest New Drugs 2011;29(5):1045-9
  • Krege S, Rexer H, vom Dorp F, et al. Prospective randomized double-blind multicentre phase II study comparing gemcitabine and cisplatin plus sorafenib chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin plus placebo in locally advanced and/or metastasized urothelial cancer: SUSE (AUO-AB 31/05). BJU Int 2014;113(3):429-36
  • Milowsky M. Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Split-dose Cisplatin (GC) Plus Sorafenib in Chemotherapy-naïve Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00714948
  • Deshpande H. A Phase II, Multicenter Trial of Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Sorafenib in Chemotherapy-naive Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Bladder Carcinoma. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00461851
  • Shah CH, Viktorsson K, Sherif A, et al. Clinical activity of sorafenib in a previously treated advanced urothelial cancer patient. Anticancer Drugs 2013;24(6):648-52
  • Dreicer R, Li H, Stein M, et al. Phase 2 trial of sorafenib in patients with advanced urothelial cancer: a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer 2009;115(18):4090-5
  • Ullén A. An Exploratory Phase I Study With Sorafenib in Addition to Vinflunine in Progressive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelial Tract. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01844947
  • Sonpavde G, Hutson TE. Pazopanib: a novel multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Curr Oncol Rep 2007;9(2):115-19
  • Li Y, Yang X, Su LJ, et al. Pazopanib synergizes with docetaxel in the treatment of bladder cancer cells. Urology 2011;78(1):233. e7-1
  • Santoni M, Amantini C, Morelli MB, et al. Pazopanib and sunitinib trigger autophagic and non-autophagic death of bladder tumour cells. Br J Cancer 2013;109(4):1040-50
  • Dieras V. An Open Label Dose Escalation and Pharmacokinetic Phase I Study With Pazopanib in Combination With Cisplatin (CDDP) Every Three Weeks in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01165385
  • Bajorin D. Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Pazopanib in Chemotherapy Naïve Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Ineligible for Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01622660
  • Necchi A, Mariani L, Zaffaroni N, et al. Pazopanib in advanced and platinum-resistant urothelial cancer: an open-label, single group, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012;13(8):810-16
  • Pili R, Qin R, Flynn PJ, et al. A phase II safety and efficacy study of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2013;11(4):477-83
  • Necchi A, Pennati M, Zaffaroni N, et al. Analysis of plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors in patients with pretreated urothelial cancer receiving Pazopanib: the role of circulating interleukin-8 to enhance the prognostic accuracy. Br J Cancer 2014;110(1):26-33
  • Gerullis H, Eimer C, Ecke TH, et al. Combined treatment with pazopanib and vinflunine in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma refractory after first-line therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2013;24(4):422-5
  • Srinivas S. A Phase II Study of Pazopanib in Combination With Weekly Paclitaxel in Refractory Urothelial Cancer. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01108055
  • Aprile G, Rijavec E, Fontanella C, et al. Ramucirumab: preclinical research and clinical development. Onco Targets Ther 2014;7:1997-2006
  • Fuchs CS, Tomasek J, Yong CJ, et al. Ramucirumab monotherapy for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (REGARD): an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014;383(9911):31-9
  • Garon EB, Ciuleanu TE, Arrieta O, et al. Ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus docetaxel for second-line treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy (REVEL): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 2014;384(9944):665-73
  • An Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Docetaxel in Combination With Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) Drug Product or IMC-18F1 or Without Investigational Therapy as Second-line Therapy in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder, Urethra, Ureter, or Renal Pelvis Following Disease Progression on First-line Platinum-based Therapy. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01282463
  • Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Muller SP, et al. Cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(29):3639-46
  • Smith DC, Smith MR, Sweeney C, et al. Cabozantinib in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of a phase II randomized discontinuation trial. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(8):1848
  • Choueiri TK, Pal SK, McDermott DF, et al. A phase I study of cabozantinib (XL184) in patients with renal cell cancer. Ann Oncol 2014;25(8):1603-8
  • Lee YH, Apolo AB, Agarwal PK, et al. Characterization of HGF/Met Signaling in Cell Lines Derived From Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Cancers (Basel) 2014;6(4):2313-29
  • Apolo AB. A Phase II Study of Cabozantinib (XL184) in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01688999
  • Apolo AB. A Phase 1 Study of (Cabozantinib) Plus Nivolumab (CaboNivo) Alone or in Combination With Ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) in Patients With Advanced/Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma and Other Genitourinary Tumors. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02308943
  • Cho YT, Chan CC. Cabozantinib-induced hand-foot skin reaction with subungual splinter hemorrhages and hypertension: a possible association with inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. Eur J Dermatol 2013;23(2):274-5
  • Yavuz S, Apolo AB, Kummar S, et al. Cabozantinib-induced thyroid dysfunction: a review of two ongoing trials for metastatic bladder cancer and sarcoma. Thyroid 2014;24(8):1223-31
  • Gridelli C, Novello S, Zilembo N, et al. Phase II randomized study of vandetanib plus gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus placebo as first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients. J Thorac Oncol 2014;9(5):733-7
  • Herbst RS, Sun Y, Eberhardt WE, et al. Vandetanib plus docetaxel versus docetaxel as second-line treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ZODIAC): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2010;11(7):619-26
  • Azad AA, Beardsley EK, Hotte SJ, et al. A randomized phase II efficacy and safety study of vandetanib (ZD6474) in combination with bicalutamide versus bicalutamide alone in patients with chemotherapy naive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Invest New Drugs 2014;32(4):746-52
  • Choueiri TK, Ross RW, Jacobus S, et al. Double-blind, randomized trial of docetaxel plus vandetanib versus docetaxel plus placebo in platinum-pretreated metastatic urothelial cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(5):507-12
  • Jones R. A Randomized Phase II Trial of Carboplatin and Gemcitabine +/- Vandetanib in First Line Treatment of Advanced Urothelial Cell Cancer in Patients Who Are Not Suitable to Receive Cisplatin. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01191892
  • Sio TT, Ko J, Gudena VK, et al. Chemotherapeutic and targeted biological agents for metastatic bladder cancer: a comprehensive review. Int J Urol 2014;21(7):630-7
  • Beekman KW, Bradley D, Hussain M. New molecular targets and novel agents in the treatment of advanced urothelial cancer. Semin Oncol 2007;34(2):154-64
  • Elfiky AA, Rosenberg JE. Targeting angiogenesis in bladder cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2009;11(3):244-9
  • Aragon-Ching JB, Dahut WL. Anti-angiogenesis approach to genitourinary cancer treatment. Update Cancer Ther 2009;3(4):182-8
  • McNeil BK, Sorbellini M, Grubb RL. 3rd. et al. Preliminary evaluation of urinary soluble Met as a Biomarker for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. J Transl Med 2014;12:199
  • Yeh CY, Shin SM, Yeh HH, et al. Transcriptional activation of the Axl and PDGFR-alpha by c-Met through a ras- and Src-independent mechanism in human bladder cancer. BMC Cancer 2011;11:139
  • Flaherty KT. The future of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: single agent or combination? Curr Oncol Rep 2008;10:264
  • Zhu Z, Shen Z, Xu C. Targeted therapy for advanced urothelial cancer of the bladder: where do we stand? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012;12(9):1081-7
  • Pond GR, Bellmunt J, Fougeray R, et al. Impact of response to prior chemotherapy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma receiving second-line therapy: implications for trial design. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2013;11(4):495-500

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.