Bibliography
- MeLLER-LADNER U, GAY RE, GAY S: Retroviral se-quences in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Int. Rev. Im-munol. (1998) 17. (In Press.)
- KRAUSE A, KAMRADT T, BURMESTER GR: Potential infec-tious agents in the induction of arthritides. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. (1996) 8:203–209.
- KALDEN JR, GAY S: Retroviruses and autoimmune rheumatic disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol (1994) 98:1–5.
- GAY S, GAY RE, KOOPMAN WJ: Molecular and cellular mechanisms ofjoint destruction in rheumatoid arthri-tis: two cellular mechanisms explain joint destruc-tion? Ann. Rheum. Dis. (1993) 52 (Suppl. 1):S39–47.
- BEHAR SM, PORCELLI SA: Mechanisms of autoimmune disease induction: the role of the immune response to microbial pathogens. Arthritis Rheum. (1995) 38:458–476.
- STRANSKY G, VERNON J, AICHER WK et al.: Virus-like particles in synovial fluids from patients with rheuma-toid arthritis. Br. J. Rheumatol (1993) 32:1044–1048.
- NISHIOKA K, MARUYAMA I, SATO K et al.: Chronic in-flammatory arthropathy associated with HTLV-I. Lan-cet (1989) 1:441.
- SATO K, MARUYAMA I, MARUYAMA Y et al: Arthritis inpatients infected with human T lymphotropic virus type I. Clinical and immunopathologic features. Arthri-tis Rheum. (1991) 34:714–721.
- IWAKURA Y, TOSU M, YOSHIDA E et al: Induction of in-flammatory arthropathy resembling rheumatoid ar-thritis in mice transgenic for HTLV-I. Science (1991) 253:1026–1028.
- FUJISAWA K, OKAMOTO K, ASAHARA H et al.: Evidencefor autoantigens of Env/Tax proteins in human T cell leukemia virus type I Env-pX transgenic mice. Arthritis Rheum. (1998) 41:101–109.
- BAILER RT, LAZO A, HARISDANGKUL V et al.: Lack of evi- dence for human T cell lymphotrophic virus type I or II infection in patients with systemic lupus erythema-tosus or rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. (1994) 21:2217–2224.
- CROSS SL, FEINBERG MB, WOLF JB: Regulation of the hu-man interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain promoter: ac-tivation of a nonfunctional promoter by the transactivator gene of HTLV-I. Cell (1987) 49:47–56.
- MARUYAMA M, SHIBUYA H, HARADA H et al.: Evidence for aberrant activation of the interleukin-2 autocrine loop by HTLV-1-encoded p4Ox and T3/Ti complex trig-gering. Cell (1987) 48:343–350.
- CHU JL, DRAPPA J, PARNASSA A, ELKON KB: The defect in Fas mRNA expression in MRL/Ipr mice is associated with insertion of the retrotransponson, ETn. J. Exp. Med. (1993) 178:723–730.
- HANG L, THEOFILOPOULOS AN, DIXON FJ: A spontane-ous rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/1 mice. J. Exp. Med. (1982) 155:1690–1701.
- O'SULLIVAN FX, FASSBENDER HG, GAYS, KOOPMAN WJ: Etiopathogenesis of the rheumatoid arthritis-like dis-ease in MRL/1 mice. I. The histomorphologic basis of joint destruction. Arthritis Rheum. (1985) 28:529–536.
- TANAKA A, O'SULLIVAN FX, KOOPMAN WJ, GAY S: Etio-pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/1 mice: II. Ultrastructural basis of joint destruc-tion. J. Rheumatol. (1988) 15:10–16.
- TRABANDT A, GAY RE, BIRKEDAL-HANSEN H, GAYS: Ex-pression of collagenase and potential transcriptional factors in the MRL/1 mouse arthropathy. Semin. Arthri-tis Rheum. (1992) 21:246–251.
- WU J, ZHOU T, ZHANG J et al.: Correction of accelerated autoimmune disease by early replacement of the mu-tated Ipr gene with the normal Fas apoptosis gene in the T cells of transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Proc. NatI Acad. ScL USA (1994) 91:2344–2348.
- WRIGHT JJ, GUNTER KC, MITSUYA H: Expression of a zinc finger gene in HTLV-I- and HTLV-II-transformed cells. Science (1990) 248:588–591.
- AICHER WK, HEER AH, TRABANDT A et al.: Overexpres-sion of zinc-finger transcription factor Z-225/Egr-1 in synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients. J. Im-munol (1994) 152:5940–5948.
- MULLER LADNER U, KRIEGSMANN J, GAY RE, GAY S: On-cogenes in rheumatoid synovium. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North Am. (1995) 21:675–690.
- TRABANDT A, GAY RE, GAY S: Oncogene activation in rheumatoid synovium. APMIS (1992) 100:861–875.
- FUJII M, SASSONE CP, VERMA IM: c-fos promoter trans-activation by the taxi protein of human T-cell leuke-mia virus type I. Proc. Natl. Acad. ScL USA (1988) 85:8526–8530.
- FUJII M, TSUCHIYA H, MENG XB, SEIKI M c-Jun, c-Fos and their family members activate the transcription mediated by three 21-bp repetitive sequences in the HTLV-I long terminal repeat. Intervirology (1995) 38:221–228.
- ISHIDOH K, TANIGUCHI S, KOMINAMI E: Egr family member proteins are involved in the activation of the cathepsin L gene in v-src-transformed cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 238:665–669.
- MULLER-LADNER U, GAY RE, GAY S: Cysteine prote-inases in arthritis and inflammation. Perspect Drug Disc. Design (1996) 6:87–98.
- TAKEUCHI K, KATSUMATA K, IKEDA H eta].: Expression of endogenous retroviruses, ERV3 and lambda 4–1, in synovial tissues from patients with rheumatoid arthri-tis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1995) 99:338–344.
- NAKAGAWA K, BRUSIC V, MCCOLL G, HARRISON LC: Di-rect evidence for the expression of multiple endoge-nous retroviruses in the synovial compartment in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. (1997) 40:627–638.
- ROBERTS CR, HERRMANN M, AICHER WK et al.: Se-quences derived from PCR amplification of virus-like particles (VLP) present in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. (1995) 38:S217.
- MULLER-LADNER U, ROBERTS CR, GAY RE, GAY S: Messenger-RNA of a novel homolog of the transducin-enhancer protein is detected by conserved retroviral sequences and present in rheumatoid arthritis syno-vium. Arthritis Rheum. (1995) 38:S315.
- PHILLIPS PE: Viral arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. (1997) 9:337–344.
- NAIDES SJ: Viral arthritis including HIV. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. (1995) 7:337–342.
- SCHNITZER TJ, PENMETCHA M: Viral arthritis. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol (1996) 8:341–345.
- WENER MH, JOHNSON RJ, SASSO EH, GRETCH DR: Hepa-titis C virus and rheumatic disease. J. Rheumatol. (1996) 23:953–959.
- COSSERAT J, CACOUB P, BLETRY O: Immunological dis-orders in C virus chronic hepatitis. Nephrol. Dial. Trans-plant. (1996) 11 (Suppl. 4):31–35.
- BARKHUIZEN A, BENNETT RM: Hepatitis C infection presenting with rheumatic manifestations. I Rheuma-tol (1997) 24:1238–1239.
- LOVY MR, STARKEBAUM G, UBEROI S: Hepatitis C infec-tion presenting with rheumatic manifestations: a mimic of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. (1996) 23:979–983.
- SHEARER CM, JACKSON JM, CALLEN JP: Symmetric polyarthritis with livedo reticularis: a newly recog-nized manifestation of hepatitis C virus infection. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1997) 37:659–661.
- UENO Y, KINOSHITA R, KISHIMOTO I, OKAMOTO S: Polyarthritis associated with hepatitis C virus infec-tion. Br. J. Rheumatol. (1994) 33:289–291.
- CIMMINO MA, PICCIOTTO A, SINELLI N, BRIZZOLARA R,ACCARDO S: Has hepatitis C virus a specific tropism for the synovial membrane? Br. J. Rheumatol. (1997) 36:505–506.
- MISIANI R, BELLAVITA P, FENILI D et al.: Interferon alfa-2a therapy in cryoglobulinemia associated with hepa-titis C virus. New Engl. J. Med. (1994) 330:751–756.
- FERRI C, MARZO E, LONGOMBARDO G et al: Interferon-alpha in mixed cryoglobulinemia patients: a random-ized, crossover-controlled trial. Blood (1993) 81:1132–1136.
- NISHIGUCHI S, KUROKI T, NAKATANI S et al.: Random-ised trial of effects of interferon-alpha on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic active hepatitis C with cirrhosis. Lancet (1995) 346:1051–1055.
- LOMBARDINI F, TAGLIONE E, RIENTE L, PASERO G: Pso-riatic arthritis with spinal involvement in a patient re-ceiving alpha-interferon for chronic hepatitis C. Scand J. Rheumatol (1997) 26:58–60.
- MAKINO Y, TANAKA H, NAKAMURA K: Arthritis in a pa-tient with psoriasis after interferon-alpha therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J. Rheumatol. (1994) 21:1771–1772.
- OKANOUE S, SAKAMOTO Y, ITOH M: Side effects of high-dose interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. J. Hepatol. (1996) 25:283–291.
- PITTAU E, BOGLIOLO A, TINTI A: Development of ar-thritis and hypothyroidism during alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. (1997) 15:415–419.
- CHUNG A, OLDER SA: Interferon-alpha associated ar-thritis. J. Rheumatol. (1997) 24:1844–1845.
- CARAMASCHI P, ZEMINIAN S, CARLETTO A: ParvovirusB19 infection and rheumatic diseases. Rev. Rhum. Engl. Ed. (1996) 63:846–853.
- GOLSTEIN MA, SEMAILLE P, STEINFELD S: Rheumatic manifestations due to human parvovirus B19. A report of four cases. Rev. Rhum. Engl. Ed. (1996) 63:854–858.
- MANGI RJ: Viral arthritis: the lessons of parvovirus B19. Hosp. Pract. Off. Ed. (1995) 30:65–72.
- MARSHALL JB, MCMURRAY R: Acute polyarthritis. Fifth disease passed from child to adult. Postgrad Merl. (1994) 95:165–168.
- YOUNG NS: Parvovirus infection and its treatment. Clin. Exp. Immunol. (1996) 104 (Suppl. 0:26–30.
- CASSINOTTI P, BAS S, SIEGL G, VISCHER TL: Association between human parvovirus B19 infection and arthri-tis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (1995) 54:498–500.
- TYNDALL A, JELK W, HIRSCH HH: Parvovirus B19 and erosive polyarthritis. Lancet (1994) 343:480–481.
- BRÜHLMANN P, NEIDHART M, CASSINOTTI P, GAYS, MI-CHEL BA: Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in synovial membranes and bone marrow in unexplained arthri-tis. Arthritis Rheum. (1997) 40:S91
- PAP T, REINHOLD D, KEKOW J: Effects of intravenousimmunoglobulins on disease activity and cytokine plasma levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J. Rheu-matol. (1998) 27:157–159.
- KURTZMAN G, FRICKHOFEN N, KIMBALL J et al.: Pure red-cell aplasia of 10 years' duration due to persistent parvovirus B19 infection and its cure with immuno-globulin therapy [see comments]. New Engl. J. Med. (1989) 321:519–523.
- TAKAHASHI M, KOIKE T, MORIYAMA Y, SHIBATA A: Neu-tralizing activity of immunoglobulin preparation against erythropoietic suppression of human parvovi-rus [letter]. Am. J. Hematol. (1991) 37:68.
- KEKOW J, REINHOLD D, PAP T, ANSORGE S: Intravenous immunoglobulins and transforming growth factor beta. Lancet (1998) 351:184–185.
- SLATER PE, BEN ZT, FOGEL A, EHRENFELD M, EVER HS: Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in underimmune postpartum women. Vaccine (1995) 13:1529–1532.
- BURNS LJ, GINGRICH RD: Cytomegalovirus infection presenting as polyarticular arthritis following autolo-gous BMT. Bone Marrow Transplant (1993) 11:77–79.
- KAWABE Y, EGUCHI K, TSUBOI M: Untoward effects of low dose methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthri-tis. Ryumachi (1996) 36:514–521.
- VAN-DER VM, VAN-DER HA, KRUIZE AA, BIJLSMA JW: In-fection rate and use of antibiotics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (1994) 53:224–228.
- ABOGUDDAH A, STEIN HB, PHILLIPS P, AMAR J, ENGLISH R: Herpes simplex hepatitis in a patient with psoriatic arthritis taking prednisone and methotrexate. Report and review of the literature. J. Rheumatol. (1991) 18:1406–1412.
- BACHMAN T, SAWITZKE AD, PERKINS SL, WARDJH, CAN-NON GW: Methotrexate-associated lymphoma in pa-tients with rheumatoid arthritis: report of two cases. Arthritis Rheum. (1996) 39:325–329.
- GEORGESCU L, QUINN GC, SCHWARTZMAN S, PAGET SA: Lymphoma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: as-sociation with the disease state or methotrexate treat-ment. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. (1997) 26:794–804.
- LIOTE F, PERTUISET E, COCHAND PB etal.: Methotrexate related B lymphoproliferative disease in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Role of Epstein-Barr virus infec-tion. J. Rheumatol. (1995) 22:1174–1178.
- PADEH S, SHARON N, SCHIBY G, RECHAVI G, PASSWELL JH: Hodgkin's lymphoma in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with low dose methotrexate. j Rheumatol. (1997) 24:2035–2037.