Bibliography
- Papakostas GI, Fava M. Does the probability of receiving placebo influence clinical trial outcome? A meta-regression of double-blind, randomized clinical trials in MDD. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009;19:34-40
- Shelton RC. Treatment options for refractory depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60(Suppl 4):57-61
- Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56-62
- Montgomery SA, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:382-9
- Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:851-5
- Israel JA. Remission in depression: definition and initial treatment approaches. J Psychopharmacol 2006;20:5-10
- Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:28-40
- Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1905-17
- Greden JF. The burden of disease for treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl 16):26-31
- Keller MB, Boland RJ. Implications of failing to achieve successful long-term maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar major depression. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:348-60
- Lewis L, Hoofnagle L. Treatment-resistant depression: the patient perspective. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:635-9
- Judd LL, Akiskal HS, Maser JD, et al. Major depressive disorder: a prospective study of residual subthreshold depressive symptoms as predictor of rapid relapse. J Affect Disord 1998;50:97-108
- Keller MB, Lavori PW, Mueller TI, et al. Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression. A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:809-16
- Fredman SJ, Fava M, Kienke AS, et al. Partial response, nonresponse, and relapse with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in major depression: a survey of current ‘next-step’ practices. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:403-8
- Thase ME, Friedman ES, Biggs MM, et al. Cognitive therapy versus medication in augmentation and switch strategies as second-step treatments: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:739-52
- Thase ME, Rush AJ. When at first you don't succeed: sequential strategies for antidepressant nonresponders. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58(Suppl 13):23-9
- Trivedi MH, Fava M, Wisniewski SR, et al. Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1243-52
- Nierenberg AA, Fava M, Trivedi MH, et al. A comparison of lithium and T(3) augmentation following two failed medication treatments for depression: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1519-30
- Siris SG. Depression in schizophrenia: perspective in the era of ‘Atypical’ antipsychotic agents. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1379-89
- Tohen M, Vieta E, Calabrese J, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine and olanzapine-fluoxetine combination in the treatment of bipolar I depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:1079-88
- Calabrese JR, Keck PE Jr, Macfadden W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1351-60
- Thase ME, Macfadden W, Weisler RH, et al. Efficacy of quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar I and II depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study (the BOLDER II study). J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26:600-9
- Berman RM, Marcus RN, Swanink R, et al. The efficacy and safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:843-53
- Marcus RN, McQuade RD, Carson WH, et al. The efficacy and safety of aripiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder: a second multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;28:156-65
- Elhwuegi AS. Central monoamines and their role in major depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004;28:435-51
- Liotti M, Mayberg HS, McGinnis S, et al. Unmasking disease-specific cerebral blood flow abnormalities: mood challenge in patients with remitted unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1830-40
- Mayberg HS, Liotti M, Brannan SK, et al. Reciprocal limbic-cortical function and negative mood: converging PET findings in depression and normal sadness. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:675-82
- Drevets WC, Bogers W, Raichle ME. Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional glucose metabolism. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2002;12:527-44
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fourth edition (Test Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2000
- Marek G, Duman RS. Neural circuitry and signaling in depression. In: Kaplan GB, Hammer RP, editors, Brain Circuitry and Signaling in Psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2002. p. 153-78
- Walsh ND, Williams SC, Brammer MJ, et al. A longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging study of verbal working memory in depression after antidepressant therapy. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62:1236-43
- Ishizaki J, Yamamoto H, Takahashi T, et al. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow following antidepressant treatment in late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008;23:805-11
- Vlassenko A, Sheline YI, Fischer K, Mintun MA. Cerebral perfusion response to successful treatment of depression with different serotoninergic agents. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004;16:360-3
- Davies J, Lloyd KR, Jones IK, et al. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow with venlafaxine in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:374-6
- Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E. Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;340:249-58
- Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E. Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994;114:559-65
- Tollefson GD, Kuntz AJ. Review of recent clinical studies with olanzapine. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1999;37:30-5
- Rosenbaum JF, Tollefson GD. Fluoxetine. In: Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB, editors, Textbook of Psychopharmacology, 3rd edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004. p. 231-46
- Szabo ST, de MC, Blier P. Modulation of noradrenergic neuronal firing by selective serotonin reuptake blockers. Br J Pharmacol 1999;126:568-71
- Szabo ST, Blier P. Functional and pharmacological characterization of the modulatory role of serotonin on the firing activity of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons. Brain Res 2001;922:9-20
- Dimascio M, Digiovanni G, Dimatteo V, et al. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res Bull 1998;46:547-54
- Prisco S, Esposito E. Differential effects of acute and chronic fluoxetine administration on the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurones in the ventral tegmental area. Br J Pharmacol 1995;116:1923-31
- Digiovanni G, Dedeurwaerdere P, Dimascio M, et al. Selective blockade of serotonin-2C/2B receptors enhances mesolimbic and mesostriatal dopaminergic function: a combined in vivo electrophysiological and microdialysis study. Neuroscience 1999;91:587-97
- Dimatteo V, Digiovanni G, Dimascio M, Esposito E. SB 242084, a selective serotonin2C receptor antagonist, increases dopaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic system. Neuropharmacology 1999;38:1195-205
- Dimatteo V, Digiovanni G, Dimascio M, Esposito E. Selective blockade of serotonin2C/2B receptors enhances dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 1998;37:265-72
- Meltzer HY, Li Z, Kaneda Y, Ichikawa J. Serotonin receptors: their key role in drugs to treat schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:1159-72
- Richelson E, Souder T. Binding of antipsychotic drugs to human brain receptors focus on newer generation compounds. Life Sci 2000;68:29-39
- Blier P, Szabo ST. Potential mechanisms of action of atypical antipsychotic medications in treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66(Suppl 8):30-40
- Seager MA, Huff KD, Barth VN, et al. Fluoxetine administration potentiates the effect of olanzapine on locus coeruleus neuronal activity. Biol Psychiatry 2004;55:1103-9
- Gobert A, Rivet JM, Lejeune F, et al. Serotonin(2C) receptors tonically suppress the activity of mesocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic, but not serotonergic, pathways: a combined dialysis and electrophysiological analysis in the rat. Synapse 2000;36:205-21
- Ichikawa J, Ishii H, Bonaccorso S, et al. 5-HT(2A) and D(2) receptor blockade increases cortical DA release via 5-HT(1A) receptor activation: a possible mechanism of atypical antipsychotic-induced cortical dopamine release. J Neurochem 2001;76:1521-31
- Liegeois JF, Ichikawa J, Meltzer HY. 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism potentiates haloperidol-induced dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and inhibits that in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent manner. Brain Res 2002;947:157-65
- Ichikawa J, Meltzer HY. R(+)-8-OH-DPAT, a serotonin(1A) receptor agonist, potentiated S(-)-sulpiride-induced dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens but not striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;291:1227-32
- Jentsch JD, Roth RH, Taylor JR. Role for dopamine in the behavioral functions of the prefrontal corticostriatal system: implications for mental disorders and psychotropic drug action. Prog Brain Res 2000;126:433-53
- Martinowich K, Manji H, Lu B. New insights into BDNF function in depression and anxiety. Nat Neurosci 2007;10:1089-93
- Duman RS, Monteggia LM. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:1116-27
- Sen S, Duman R, Sanacora G. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, depression, and antidepressant medications: meta-analyses and implications. Biol Psychiatry 2008;64:527-32
- Castren E, Voikar V, Rantamaki T. Role of neurotrophic factors in depression. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2007;7:18-21
- Luo C, Xu H, Li XM. Post-stress changes in BDNF and Bcl-2 immunoreactivities in hippocampal neurons: effect of chronic administration of olanzapine. Brain Res 2004;1025:194-202
- Shelton RC, Tollefson GD, Tohen M, et al. A novel augmentation strategy for treating resistant major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:131-4
- Shelton RC, Williamson DJ, Corya SA, et al. Olanzapine/fluoxetine combination for treatment-resistant depression: a controlled study of SSRI and nortriptyline resistance. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1289-97
- Corya SA, Williamson D, Sanger TM, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination, olanzapine, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in treatment-resistant depression. Depress Anxiety 2006;23:364-72
- Thase ME, Corya SA, Osuntokun O, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination, olanzapine, and fluoxetine in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:224-36
- Clinical Global Impressions. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. In: Guy W, editor, Rockville, MD: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976. DHEW Publication No. (ADM). p. 76-338
- Hamilton M. Hamilton Anxiety Scale. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. In: Guy W, editor, Rockville, MD: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1976. p. 193-8
- Sheehan DV, Harnett-Sheehan K, Raj BA. The measurement of disability. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1996;11(Suppl 3):89-95
- Corya SA, Andersen SW, Detke HC, et al. Long-term antidepressant efficacy and safety of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination: a 76-week open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1349-56
- Trivedi MH, Thase ME, Osuntokun O, et al. An integrated analysis of olanzapine/fluoxetine combination in clinical trials of treatment-resistant depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70:387-96
- Andersen SW, Clemow DB, Corya SA. Long-term weight gain in patients treated with open-label olanzapine in combination with fluoxetine for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1468-76
- Guy W. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Rockville, MD: National Institute for Mental Health, 1976. p. 534-7
- Barnes TR. A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. Br J Psychiatry 1989;154:672-6
- Simpson GM, Angus JW. A rating scale for extrapyramidal side effects. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1970;212:11-19
- Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1231-42
- Fava M, Rush AJ, Wisniewski SR, et al. A comparison of mirtazapine and nortriptyline following two consecutive failed medication treatments for depressed outpatients: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1161-72
- McGrath PJ, Stewart JW, Fava M, et al. Tranylcypromine versus venlafaxine plus mirtazapine following three failed antidepressant medication trials for depression: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:1531-41
- Papakostas GI, Shelton RC, Smith J, Fava M. Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotic medications for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2007;68:826-31
- Shelton RC, Papakostas GI. Augmentation of antidepressants with atypical antipsychotics for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008;117:253-9
- Papakostas GI, Shelton RC. Use of atypical antipsychotics for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008;10:481-6
- Takahashi H, Kamata M, Yoshida K, et al. Augmentation with olanzapine in TCA-refractory depression with melancholic features: a consecutive case series. Hum Psychopharmacol 2008;23:217-20
- Rasmussen K. Creating more effective antidepressants: clues from the clinic. Drug Discov Today 2006;11:623-31
- Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1686-96
- American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:596-601
- Newcomer JW. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs 2005;19(Suppl 1):1-93
- Iosifescu DV. Treating depression in the medically ill. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2007;30:77-90
- Lett HS, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, et al. Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosom Med 2004;66:305-15
- Davidson KW, Kupfer DJ, Bigger JT, et al. Assessment and treatment of depression in patients with cardiovascular disease: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group report. Psychosom Med 2006;68:645-50
- Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F. Depression – a cardiac risk factor in search of a treatment. JAMA 2003;289:3171-3
- Trivedi MH, Morris DW, Grannemann BD, Mahadi S. Symptom clusters as predictors of late response to antidepressant treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:1064-70