271
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluations

Inhalative iloprost – pharmacology and clinical application

, MD, , MD, , MD, , MD & , MD
Pages 2195-2207 | Published online: 07 Aug 2009

Bibliography

  • Whittaker N, Bunting S, Salmon J, et al. The chemical structure of prostaglandin X (prostacyclin). Prostaglandins 1976;12:915-28
  • Olschewski H, Rose F, Schermuly R, et al. Prostacyclin and its analoques in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2004;102:139-53
  • Leuchte HH, Behr J. Iloprost for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2005;3:215-23
  • Strauss WL, Edelman JD. Prostanoid therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin Chest Med 2007;28:127-42
  • Goldsmith DR, Wagstaff AJ. Inhaled iloprost: in primary pulmonary hypertension. Drugs 2004;64:763-73
  • Hsu HH, Rubin LJ. Iloprost inhalation solution for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6:1921-30
  • Siobal M. Aerosolized prostacyclins. Respir Care 2004;49:640-52
  • Baker SE, Hockman RH. Inhaled iloprost in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:1265-74
  • Gessler T, Seeger W, Schmehl T. Inhaled prostanoids in the therapy of pulmonary hypertension. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2008;21:1-2
  • Gomberg-Maitland M, Olschewski H. Prostacyclin therapies for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2008;31:891-901
  • Moncada S, Herman AG, Higgs EA, et al. Differential formation of prostacyclin (PGX or PGI2) by layers of the arterial wall. An explanation for the anti-thrombotic properties of vascular endothelium. Thromb Res 1977;11:323-44
  • Schulz A. Pharmacology of prostanoids. In: Ewert R, editor, Iloprost in intensive care medicine. Bremen: Uni-Med Verlag, 2006. p. 10-30
  • Fisher CA, Kappa JR, Sinha AK, et al. Comparison of equimolar concentrations of iloprost, prostacyclin and prostaglandin E1, on human platelet function. J Lab Clin Med 1987;109:184-90
  • Belch JF, Green I, McLaren M, et al. The effects of intravenous ZK 36374, a stable prostacyclin analogue, on normal volunteers. Prostaglandins 1984;28:67-71
  • Cowley AJ, Heptinstall S, Hampton JR. Effects of prostacyclin and of the stable prostacyclin analogue ZK 36374 on forearm blood flow and blood platelet behaviour in man. Thromb Haemostasis 1985;53:90-4
  • Wharton J, Davie N, Upton PD, et al. Prostacyclin analoques differentially inhibits growth of distal and proximal human pulmonary smooth muscle cells. Circulation 2000;102:3130-36
  • Clapp LH, Finney P, Turcato S, et al. Differential effects of stable prostacyclin analogs on smooth muscle proliferation and cyclic AMP generation in human pulmonary artery. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002;26:194-201
  • Smith MC, Danviriyasup K, Crow JW, et al. Prostacyclin substitution for heparin in long-term hemodialysis. Am J Med 1982;73:669-78
  • Krause W, Krais T. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of radio-labeled iloprost in elderly volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1987;32:597-605
  • Pepke-Zaba J, Higenbottam TW, Dinh-xuan AT, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide as a cause of selective pulmonary vasodilatation in pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 1991;338:1173-4
  • Rossaint R, Falke KJ, López F, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide for the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 1993;328:399-405
  • Walmrath D, Schneider T, Pilch J, et al. Aerosolised prostacyclin in adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet 1993;342:961-2
  • Olschewski H, Walmrath D, Schermuly R, et al. Aerosolized prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:820-4
  • Schermuly RT, Schulz A, Ghofrani HA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of infused versus inhaled iloprost in isolated rabbit lungs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;303:741-5
  • Olschewski H, Rohde B, Behr J, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of inhaled iloprost, aerosolized by three different devices, in severe pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2003;124:1294-1304
  • Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, Walmrath D, et al. Recovery from circulatory shock in severe primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) with aerosolization of iloprost. Intensive Care Med 1998;24:631-4
  • Olschewski H, Simonneau G, Galiè N, et al. Inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002;347:322-9
  • Gessler T, Schmehl T, Hoeper MM, et al. Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2001;17:14-19
  • Van Dyke RE, Nikander K. Delivery of iloprost inhalation solution with the HaloLite, Prodose, and I-neb adaptive aerosol delivery systems: an in vitro study. Respir Care 2007;52:184-90
  • Harris KW, O'Riordan TG, Smaldone GC. Aerosolized iloprost customized for the critically ill. Respir Care 2007;52:1507-9
  • Hoeper MM, Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. German PPH study group. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:176-82
  • Ghofrani HA, Wiedemann R, Rose F, et al. Combination therapy with oral sildenafil and inhaled iloprost for severe pulmonary hypertension. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:515-22
  • Rimensberger PC, Spahr-Schopfer I, Berner M, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide versus aerosolized iloprost in secondary pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease: vasodilator capacity and cellular mechanisms. Circulation 2001;103:544-8
  • Leuchte HH, Schwaiblmair M, Baumgartner RA, et al. Hemodynamic response to sildenafil, nitric oxide, and iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2004;125:580-6
  • Ulrich S, Fischler M, Speich R, et al. Chronic thromboembolic and pulmonary arterial hypertension share acute vasoreactivity properties. Chest 2006;130:841-6
  • Winterhalter M, Simon A, Fischer S, et al. Comparison of inhaled iloprost and nitric oxide in patients with pulmonary hypertension during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008;22:406-13
  • Ivy DD, Doran AK, Smith KJ, et al. Short- and long-term effects of inhaled iloprost therapy in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:161-9
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, et al. Amplification of the pulmonary vasodilatory response to inhaled iloprost by subthreshold phosphodiesterase types 3 and 4 inhibition in severe pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care Med 2002;30:2489-92
  • Wilkens H, Guth A, König J, et al. Effect of inhaled iloprost plus oral sildenafil in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2001;104:1218-22
  • Opitz CF, Wensel R, Bettmann M, et al. Assessment of the vasodilator response in primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparing prostacyclin and iloprost administered by either infusion or inhalation. Eur Heart J 2003;24:356-65
  • Fruhwald FM, Kjellström B, Perthold W, et al. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring in pulmonary hypertensive patients treated with inhaled iloprost. Chest 2003;124:351-9
  • Mereles D, Ewert R, Lodziewski S, et al. Effect of inhaled iloprost during off-medication time in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respiration 2007;74:498-502
  • Petkov V, Ziesche R, Mosgoeller W, et al. Aerosolised iloprost improves pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving continuous epoprostenol treatment. Thorax 2001;56:734-6
  • Alp S, Schlottmann R, Bauer TT, et al. Long-time survival with HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case report. AIDS 2003;17:1714-15
  • Hallioglu O, Dilber E, Celiker A. Comparison of acute hemodynamic effects of aerosolized and intravenous iloprost in secondary pulmonary hypertension in children with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:1007-9
  • Bratel T, Lagerstrand L, Brodin LA, et al. Ventilation/perfusion ratios in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effects of IV and inhaled prostacyclin derivatives. Chest 2005;128(6 Suppl):615-16
  • Bratel T, Lagerstrand L, Brodin LA, et al. Ventilation-perfusion relationships in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of intravenous and inhaled prostacyclin treatment. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007;158:59-69
  • Yurtseven N, Karaca P, Uysal G, et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitroglycerin and iloprost in patients with pulmonary hypertension undergoing mitral valve surgery. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;12:319-23
  • Kramm T, Eberle B, Krummenauer F, et al. Inhaled iloprost in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: effects before and after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:711-18
  • Krug S, Hammerschmidt S, Pankau H, et al. Acute improved hemodynamics following inhaled iloprost in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Respiration 2008;76:154-9
  • Kramm T, Eberle B, Guth S, Mayer E. Inhaled iloprost to control residual pulmonary hypertension following pulmonary endarterectomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005;28:882-8
  • Sablotzki A, Czeslick E, Schubert S, et al. Iloprost improves hemodynamics in patients with severe chronic cardiac failure and secondary pulmonary hypertension. Can J Anaesth 2002;49:1076-80
  • Braun S, Schrötter H, Schmeisser A, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary vascular response to inhaled iloprost in heart transplant candidates with pulmonary venous hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2007;115:67-72
  • Sablotzki A, Hentschel T, Hofmann S, et al. Inhaled aerosolized iloprost in the evaluation of heart transplant candidates – experiences with 45 cases. J Clin Anesth 2006;18:108-13
  • Hoeper MM, Schwarze M, Ehlerding S, et al. Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1866-70
  • Theodoraki K, Tsiapras D, Tsourelis L, et al. Inhaled iloprost in eight heart transplant recipients presenting with post-bypass acute right ventricular dysfunction. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006;50:1213-17
  • Loureiro MJ, Cotrim C, Simões O, et al. Acute hemodynamic effect of inhaled iloprost in pulmonary artery hypertension evaluated with echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2007;5:41
  • Schenk P, Petkov V, Madl C, et al. Aerosolized iloprost therapy could not replace long-term IV epoprostenol (prostacyclin) administration in severe pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2001;119:296-300
  • Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, Schmehl T, et al. Inhaled iloprost to treat severe pulmonary hypertension. An uncontrolled trial. German PPH Study Group. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:435-43
  • Rex S, Missant C, Claus P, et al. Effects of inhaled iloprost on right ventricular contractility, right ventriculo-vascular coupling and ventricular interdependence: a randomized placebo-controlled trial in an experimental model of acute pulmonary hypertension. Crit Care 2008;12:R113
  • Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2008;29:2276-315
  • Haddad F, Doyle R, Murphy DJ, et al. Right ventricular function in cardiovascular disease, part II: pathophysiology, clinical importance, and management of right ventricular failure. Circulation 2008;117:1717-31
  • Wensel R, Opitz CF, Ewert R, et al. Effects of iloprost inhalation on exercise capacity and ventilatory efficiency in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2000;101:2388-92
  • Blumberg FC, Riegger GA, Pfeifer M. Hemodynamic effects of aerosolized iloprost in pulmonary hypertension at rest and during exercise. Chest 2002;121:1566-71
  • Wonisch M, Fruhwald FM, Maier R, et al. Continuous haemodynamic monitoring during exercise in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2005;101:415-20
  • Ewert R, Wensel R, Opitz CF. Aerosolized iloprost for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1421-2
  • Ewert R, Opitz C, Wensel R, et al. Iloprost as inhalational and intravenous long-term treatment of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Register of the Berlin Study Group for Pulmonary Hypertension. Z Kardiol 2000;89:987-99
  • Olschewski H, Hoeper MM, Behr J, et al. Safety, dosing, and clinical benefit of 2-years therapy with inhaled iloprost. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005;2:A200
  • Opitz CF, Wensel R, Winkler J, et al. Clinical efficacy and survival with first-line inhaled iloprost therapy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J 2005;26:1895-902
  • Reichenberger F, Mainwood A, Doughty N, et al. Effects of nebulised iloprost on pulmonary function and gas exchange in severe pulmonary hypertension. Respir Med 2007;101:217-22
  • Machherndl S, Kneussl M, Baumgartner H, et al. Long-term treatment of pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost. Eur Respir J 2001;17:8-13
  • Hoeper MM, Seyfarth HJ, Hoeffken G, et al. Experience with inhaled iloprost and bosentan in portopulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2007;30:1096-102
  • Hoeper MM, Taha N, Bekjarova A, et al. Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur Respir J 2003;22:330-4
  • Seyfarth HJ, Pankau H, Hammerschmidt S, et al. Bosentan improves exercise tolerance and Tei index in patients with pulmonary hypertension and prostanoid therapy. Chest 2005;128:709-13
  • Ghofrani HA, Rose F, Schermuly RT, et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:158-64
  • Beyer S, Speich R, Fischler M, et al. Long-term experience with oral or inhaled vasodilator combination therapy in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Swiss Med Wkly 2006;136:114-18
  • Durongpisitkul K, Jakrapanichakul D, Laohaprasitiporn D, et al. Combination therapy of prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease. J Med Assoc Thai 2005;88(Suppl 8):S60-5
  • Hoeper MM, Leuchte H, Halank M, et al. Combining inhaled iloprost with bosentan in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2006;28:691-4
  • McLaughlin VV, Oudiz RJ, Frost A, et al. Randomized study of adding inhaled iloprost to existing bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:1257-63
  • Naeije R, Huez S. Expert opinion on available options treating pulmonary arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007;8:2247-65
  • Bund M, Winterhalter M, Weilbach C, et al. Are there pulmonary vascular or respiratory effects of prostaglandin vehicles (ethanol, glycine buffer) after intravenous infusion or inhalation? Pneumologie 2007;61:721-4
  • Kleemann E, Schmehl T, Gessler T, et al. Iloprost-containing liposomes for aerosol application in pulmonary arterial hypertension: formulation aspects and stability. Pharm Res 2007;24:277-87
  • Winterhalter M, Simon A, Fischer S, et al. Inhaled iloprost in lung transplantation: can it avoid extracorporeal circulation in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006;20:716-18
  • Wittwer T, Franke U, Wahlers T. Impact of aerosolized prostacyclin analog for severe pulmonary hypertension in thoracic organ transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:211-13
  • Müller M, Scholz S, Kwapisz M, et al. Use of inhaled iloprost in a case of pulmonary hypertension during pediatric congenital heart surgery. Anesthesiology 2003;99:743-4
  • Rex S, Busch T, Vettelschoss M, et al. Intraoperative management of severe pulmonary hypertension during cardiac surgery with inhaled iloprost. Anesthesiology 2003;99:745-7
  • Langer F, Wendler O, Wilhelm W, et al. Treatment of a case of acute right heart failure by inhalation of iloprost, a long-acting prostacyclin analogue. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2001;18:770-3
  • De Luca D, Zecca E, Piastra M, Romagnoli C. Iloprost as ‘rescue’ therapy for pulmonary hypertension of the neonate. Paediatr Anaesth 2007;17:394-5
  • Chotigeat U, Jaratwashirakul S. Inhaled iloprost for severe persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:167-70
  • Eifinger F, Sreeram N, Mehler K, et al. Inhalatives iloprost in der therapie des pulmonalen hypertonus bei sehr kleinen frühgeborenen: Eine Pilotstudie. Klin Pediatr 2008;220:66-9
  • Launay D, Hachulla E, Hatron PY, et al. Aerosolized iloprost in CREST syndrome related pulmonary hypertension. J Rheumatol 2001;28:2252-6
  • Ghofrani HA, Friese G, Discher T, et al. Inhaled iloprost is a potent acute pulmonary vasodilator in HIV-related severe pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2004;23:321-6
  • Olschewski H, Ghofrani HA, Walmrath D, et al. Inhaled prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:600-7
  • Leuchte HH, Baumgartner RA, Behr J. Treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension with inhaled iloprost. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:306
  • Roig Figueroa V, Herrero Pérez A, de la Torre Ferrera N, et al. Iloprost for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Arch Bronconeumol 2004;40:326-8
  • Fruhwald FM, Kjellström B, Perthold W, et al. Hemodynamic observations in two pulmonary hypertensive patients changing treatment from inhaled iloprost to the oral endothelin-antagonist bosentan. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005;24:631-4
  • Taçoy G, Demirag M, Göker B, et al. Successful switch from inhaler iloprost to treatment in a patient who initially presented with pulmonary arterial hypertension and diagnosed as SLE. Niger J Med 2008;17:368-70
  • Ahmadi-Simab K, Lamprecht P, Gross WL. Successful therapy of bosentan-refractory pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with inhalative iloprost. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005;23:402-3
  • Okyay K, Cemri M, Boyac B, et al. Use of long-term combined therapy with inhaled iloprost and oral sildenafil in an adult patient with eisenmenger syndrome. Cardiol Rev 2005;13:12-14
  • Molnar C, Alber H, Colleselli D, et al. Successful switch from inhalative iloprost to oral bosentan in portopulmonary hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004;116:627-30
  • Isa R, Castro P, Martínez A. Aerosolized iloprost combined with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Rev Med Chil 2004;132:353-6
  • Onen ZP, Akkoca Yildiz O, Eriş Gülbay B, et al. Inhaled iloprost as a long-term additional therapy to oral sildenafil in severe idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Tuberk Toraks 2006;54:177-81
  • Dandel M, Lehmkuhl HB, Mulahasanovic S, et al. Survival of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension after listing for transplantation: impact of iloprost and bosentan treatment. J Heart Lung Transplant 2007;26:898-906
  • Daniil Z, Karetsi E, Zakynthinos E, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency and unilateral bronchiectasis: successful treatment with iloprost. Eur J Intern Med 2007;18:333-5
  • Krug S, Seyfarth HJ, Hagendorff A, et al. Inhaled iloprost for hepatopulmonary syndrome: improvement of hypoxemia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:1140-3

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.