447
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of pediatric depression

, MD & , MD
Pages 2129-2140 | Published online: 15 Aug 2010

Bibliography

  • Harrington R. The natural history and treatment of child and adolescent affective disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1992;33(8):1287-302
  • Fombonne E, Wostear G, Cooper V, The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression. 2. Suicidality, criminality and social dysfunction in adulthood. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:218-23
  • Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition- text revision edition. American Psychiatric Association, Arlington, VA; 2000
  • Carlson GA, Cantwell DP. Unmasking masked depression in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 1980;137(4):445-9
  • Luby JL, Heffelfinger AK, Mrakotsky C, The clinical picture of depression in preschool children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2003;42(3):340-8
  • Luby JL, Heffelfinger A, Mrakotsky C, Alterations in stress cortisol reactivity in depressed preschoolers relative to psychiatric and no-disorder comparison groups. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60(12):1248-55
  • Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR. Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Rev 1998;18(7):765-94
  • Fleming JE, Offord DR. Epidemiology of childhood depressive disorders: a critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1990;29(4):571-80
  • Brent DA. Correlates of the medical lethality of suicide attempts in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987;26(1):87-91
  • Pfeffer CR, Klerman GL, Hurt SW, Suicidal children grow up: demographic and clinical risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1991;30(4):609-16
  • Kandel DB, Davies M. Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43(3):255-62
  • Kovacs M, Feinberg TL, Crouse-Novak MA, Depressive disorders in childhood. I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41(3):229-37
  • Rohde P, Lewinsohn PM, Seeley JR. Are adolescents changed by an episode of major depression? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33(9):1289-98
  • Birmaher B, Ryan ND, Williamson DE, Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35(11):1427-39
  • Birmaher B, Brent D, Bernet W, Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with depressive disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46(11):1503-26
  • Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR, Psychosocial functioning of young adults who have experienced and recovered from major depressive disorder during adolescence. J Abnorm Psychol 2003;112(3):353-63
  • Kovacs M. Presentation and course of major depressive disorder during childhood and later years of the life span. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35(6):705-15
  • Kaufman J, Martin A, King RA, Charney D. Are child-, adolescent-, and adult-onset depression one and the same disorder? Biol Psychiatry 2001;49(12):980-1001
  • Geller B, Fox LW, Clark KA. Rate and predictors of prepubertal bipolarity during follow-up of 6- to 12-year-old depressed children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994;33(4):461-8
  • Martin A, Young C, Leckman JF, Age effects on antidepressant-induced manic conversion. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2004;158(8):773-80
  • Bridge JA, Iyengar S, Salary CB, Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2007;297(15):1683-96
  • Axelson DA, Perel JM, Birmaher B, Platelet serotonin reuptake inhibition and response to SSRIs in depressed adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162(4):802-4
  • Cheung AH, Emslie GJ, Mayes TL. Review of the efficacy and safety of antidepressants in youth depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2005;46(7):735-54
  • Bridge JA, Birmaher B, Iyengar S, Placebo response in randomized controlled trials of antidepressants for pediatric major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166(1):42-9
  • Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in children and adolescents with depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54(11):1031-7
  • Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Wagner KD, Fluoxetine for acute treatment of depression in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41(10):1205-15
  • March J, Silva S, Petrycki S, Fluoxetine, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and their combination for adolescents with depression: Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS) randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292(7):807-20
  • Keller MB, Ryan ND, Strober M, Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40(7):762-72
  • Wagner KD, Ambrosini P, Rynn M, Efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2003;290(8):1033-41
  • Wagner KD, Robb AS, Findling RL, A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram for the treatment of major depression in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161(6):1079-83
  • von Knorring AL, Olsson GI, Thomsen PH, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of citalopram in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2006;26(3):311-15
  • Emslie GJ, Ventura D, Korotzer A, Tourkodimitris S. Escitalopram in the treatment of adolescent depression: a randomized placebo-controlled multisite trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(7):721-9
  • Wagner KD, Jonas J, Findling RL, A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of escitalopram in the treatment of pediatric depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(3):280-8
  • Brent D, Emslie G, Clarke G, Switching to another SSRI or to venlafaxine with or without cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with SSRI-resistant depression: the TORDIA randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299(8):901-13
  • Glod CA, Lynch A, Flynn E, Open trial of bupropion SR in adolescent major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs 2003;16(3):123-30
  • Arredondo DE. Bupropion treatment of adolescent depression. Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association 1993; San Fransisco, CA; 1993
  • Daviss WB, Bentivoglio P, Racusin R, Bupropion sustained release in adolescents with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40(3):307-14
  • Daviss WB, Perel JM, Brent DA, Acute antidepressant response and plasma levels of bupropion and metabolites in a pediatric-aged sample: an exploratory study. Ther Drug Monit 2006;28(2):190-8
  • Emslie GJ, Findling RL, Yeung PP, Venlafaxine ER for the treatment of pediatric subjects with depression: results of two placebo-controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46(4):479-88
  • March J, Emslie G, Kratochvil C, An Open-Label Study of tolerability, safety, and pharmacokinetics of duloxetine in children (7-11 Years) and adolescents (12-17 Years) with MDD. 49th annual NCDEU Meeting; 2009; Hollywood, Florida; 2009
  • Bangs ME, Emslie GJ, Spencer TJ, Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17(4):407-20
  • Hazell P, O'Connell D, Heathcote D, Henry D. Tricyclic drugs for depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002(2):CD002317
  • Nemets H, Nemets B, Apter A, Omega-3 treatment of childhood depression: a controlled, double-blind pilot study. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163(6):1098-100
  • Brent DA, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Predictors of spontaneous and systematically assessed suicidal adverse events in the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression in adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166(4):418-26
  • Vitiello B, Silva SG, Rohde P, Suicidal events in the Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS). J Clin Psychiatry 2009;70(5):741-7
  • Emslie G, Kratochvil C, Vitiello B, Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): safety results. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(12):1440-55
  • Wilens TE, Wyatt D, Spencer TJ. Disentangling disinhibition. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(11):1225-7
  • Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med 2005;352(11):1112-20
  • Weinrieb RM, Auriacombe M, Lynch KG, Lewis JD. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and the risk of bleeding. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005;4(2):337-44
  • Zajecka J, Tracy KA, Mitchell S. Discontinuation symptoms after treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a literature review. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58(7):291-7
  • Compton SN, March JS, Brent D, Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for anxiety and depressive disorders in children and adolescents: an evidence-based medicine review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43(8):930-59
  • Harrington R, Campbell F, Shoebridge P, Whittaker J. Meta-analysis of CBT for depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(10):1005-7
  • Weisz JR, McCarty CA, Valeri SM. Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2006;132(1):132-49
  • Birmaher B, Brent DA, Kolko D, Clinical outcome after short-term psychotherapy for adolescents with major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57(1):29-36
  • Wood A, Harrington R, Moore A. Controlled trial of a brief cognitive-behavioural intervention in adolescent patients with depressive disorders. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996;37(6):737-46
  • Kennard BD, Silva SG, Tonev S, Remission and recovery in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS): acute and long-term outcomes. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(2):186-95
  • Goodyer I, Dubicka B, Wilkinson P, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2007;335(7611):142
  • Curry J, Rohde P, Simons A, Predictors and moderators of acute outcome in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(12):1427-39
  • Renaud J, Brent DA, Baugher M, Rapid response to psychosocial treatment for adolescent depression: a two-year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(11):1184-90
  • Brent DA, Kolko DJ, Birmaher B, Predictors of treatment efficacy in a clinical trial of three psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998;37(9):906-14
  • Rohde P, Clarke GN, Mace DE, An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43(6):660-8
  • Asarnow JR, Emslie G, Clarke G, Treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression in adolescents: predictors and moderators of treatment response. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(3):330-9
  • Barbe RP, Bridge JA, Birmaher B, Lifetime history of sexual abuse, clinical presentation, and outcome in a clinical trial for adolescent depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(1):77-83
  • Garber J, Clarke GN, Weersing VR, Prevention of depression in at-risk adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301(21):2215-24
  • Clarke GN, Hornbrook M, Lynch F, A randomized trial of a group cognitive intervention for preventing depression in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001;58(12):1127-34
  • Klomek AB, Mufson L. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2006;15(4):959-75, ix
  • Young JF, Mufson L, Davies M. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy-adolescent skills training: an indicated preventive intervention for depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2006;47(12):1254-62
  • Rossello J, Bernal G. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal treatments for depression in Puerto Rican adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999;67(5):734-45
  • Rossello J, Bernal G, Rivera-Medina C. Individual and group CBT and IPT for Puerto Rican adolescents with depressive symptoms. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2008;14(3):234-45
  • Horowitz JL, Garber J, Ciesla JA, Prevention of depressive symptoms in adolescents: a randomized trial of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal prevention programs. J Consult Clin Psychol 2007;75(5):693-706
  • Kennard B, Silva S, Vitiello B, Remission and residual symptoms after short-term treatment in the Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(12):1404-11
  • March J, Silva S, Curry J, The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study (TADS): outcomes over 1 year of naturalistic follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166(10):1141-9
  • Emslie GJ, Heiligenstein JH, Hoog SL, Fluoxetine treatment for prevention of relapse of depression in children and adolescents: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43(11):1397-405
  • Tao R, Emslie G, Mayes T, Early prediction of acute antidepressant treatment response and remission in pediatric major depressive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(1):71-8
  • Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med 2006;354(12):1231-42
  • Trivedi MH, Fava M, Wisniewski SR, Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med 2006;354(12):1243-52
  • Ryan ND, Meyer V, Dachille S, Lithium antidepressant augmentation in TCA-refractory depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1988;27(3):371-6
  • Strober M, Freeman R, Rigali J, The pharmacotherapy of depressive illness in adolescence: II. Effects of lithium augmentation in nonresponders to imipramine. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1992;31(1):16-20
  • Cooper-Kazaz R, Apter JT, Cohen R, Combined treatment with sertraline and liothyronine in major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64(6):679-88
  • Papakostas GI, Cooper-Kazaz R, Appelhof BC, Simultaneous initiation (coinitiation) of pharmacotherapy with triiodothyronine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for major depressive disorder: a quantitative synthesis of double-blind studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2009;24(1):19-25
  • Emslie GJ, Mayes T, Porta G, Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA): week 24 outcomes. Am J Psychiatry 2010; In press
  • Ghaziuddin N, Kutcher SP, Knapp P, Practice parameter for use of electroconvulsive therapy with adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;43(12):1521-39
  • Kronenberg S, Apter A, Brent D, Serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and citalopram effectiveness and side effects in children with depression and/or anxiety disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17(6):741-50
  • Brent D, Melhem N, Ferrell R, Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms with suicidal events in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) study. Am J Psychiatry 2010;167(2):190-7
  • Emslie GJ, Rush AJ, Weinberg WA, Fluoxetine in child and adolescent depression: acute and maintenance treatment. Depress Anxiety 1998;7(1):32-9
  • Findling RL, McNamara NK, Stansbrey RJ, The relevance of pharmacokinetic studies in designing efficacy trials in juvenile major depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(1-2):131-45
  • Axelson DA, Perel JM, Birmaher B, Sertraline pharmacokinetics and dynamics in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002;41(9):1037-44
  • Sakolsky DJ, Emslie GJ, Clarke GN, Antidepressant exposure as a predictor of clinical outcomes in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) Study submitted; 2010
  • De Cuyper S, Timbremont B, Braet C, Treating depressive symptoms in schoolchildren: a pilot study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004;13(2):105-14
  • Weisz JR, Thurber CA, Sweeney L, Brief treatment of mild-to-moderate child depression using primary and secondary control enhancement training. J Consult Clin Psychol 1997;65(4):703-7
  • Luby JL. Early childhood depression. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166(9):974-9
  • Celik G, Diler RS, Tahiroglu AY, Avci A. Fluoxetine in posttraumatic eating disorder in two-year-old twins. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2007;17(2):233-6
  • Coskun M, Zoroglu S. Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in preschool children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2009;19(3):297-300
  • Gleason MM, Egger HL, Emslie GJ, Psychopharmacological treatment for very young children: contexts and guidelines. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007;46(12):1532-72
  • Maalouf FT, Porta G, Vitiello B, Trajectories of depressive symptom response in the Treatment of Resistant Depression in Adolescents (TORDIA) Study: a latent class analysis. 2010; In preparation
  • Nelson JC, Papakostas GI. Atypical antipsychotic augmentation in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 2009;166(9):980-91
  • Weissman MM, Pilowsky DJ, Wickramaratne PJ, Remissions in maternal depression and child psychopathology: a STAR*D-child report. JAMA 2006;295(12):1389-98
  • Swartz HA, Frank E, Zuckoff A, Brief interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed mothers whose children are receiving psychiatric treatment. Am J Psychiatry 2008;165(9):1155-62
  • Goldstein BI, Shamseddeen W, Spirito A, Substance use and the treatment of resistant depression in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009;48(12):1182-92
  • Dunkin JJ, Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Executive dysfunction predicts nonresponse to fluoxetine in major depression. J Affect Disord 2000;60(1):13-23
  • Majer M, Ising M, Kunzel H, Impaired divided attention predicts delayed response and risk to relapse in subjects with depressive disorders. Psychol Med 2004;34(8):1453-63
  • Mayberg HS, Brannan SK, Mahurin RK, Cingulate function in depression: a potential predictor of treatment response. Neuroreport 1997;8(4):1057-61
  • Chen CH, Ridler K, Suckling J, Brain imaging correlates of depressive symptom severity and predictors of symptom improvement after antidepressant treatment. Biol Psychiatry 2007;62(5):407-14
  • Leuchter AF, Cook IA, Gilmer WS, Effectiveness of a quantitative electroencephalographic biomarker for predicting differential response or remission with escitalopram and bupropion in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2009;169(2):132-8
  • Siegle GJ. Neural mechanisms of executive control in unipolar depression: relationships to emotional reactivity and recovery in Cognitive Behavior Therapy. In: Weissman A, editor. Executive function: from basic research to clinical practice. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Symp Meet Assoc Behav Cogn 2007
  • Libby AM, Orton HD, Valuck RJ. Persisting decline in depression treatment after FDA warnings. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009;66(6):633-9
  • Gibbons RD, Brown CH, Hur K, Early evidence on the effects of regulators' suicidality warnings on SSRI prescriptions and suicide in children and adolescents. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164(9):1356-63
  • Laje G, Paddock S, Manji H, Genetic markers of suicidal ideation emerging during citalopram treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2007;164(10):1530-8
  • Perlis RH, Purcell S, Fava M, Association between treatment-emergent suicidal ideation with citalopram and polymorphisms near cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the STAR*D study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64(6):689-97
  • Berard R, Fong R, Carpenter DJ, An international, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine in adolescents with major depressive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2006;16(1-2):59-75
  • Emslie GJ, Wagner KD, Kutcher S, Paroxetine treatment in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2006;45(6):709-19
  • Simeon JG, Dinicola VF, Ferguson HB, Copping W. Adolescent depression: a placebo-controlled fluoxetine treatment study and follow-up. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1990;14(5):791-5

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.