551
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluations

Candesartan cilexetil: an update

, &
Pages 1769-1780 | Published online: 09 Jun 2011

Bibliography

  • Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization. Circulation 2001;104:2746-53
  • Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 2001;104:2855-64
  • Guilbert JJ. The world health report 2002 – reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Educ Health (Abingdon 2003;16:1-230
  • Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ 2009;338:b1665
  • Mizuno K, Niimura S, Tani M, Hypotensive activity of TCV-116, a newly developed angiotensin II receptor antagonist, in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1992;51:PL183-7
  • Murdoch DR, Love MP, Robb SD, Importance of heart failure as a cause of death. Changing contribution to overall mortality and coronary heart disease mortality in Scotland 1979 – 1992. Eur Heart J 1998;19:1829-35
  • Mosterd A, Hoes AW. Clinical epidemiology of heart failure. Heart 2007;93:1137-46
  • McMurray JJ, Petrie MC, Murdoch DR, Clinical epidemiology of heart failure: public and private health burden. Eur Heart J 1998;19(Suppl P):9-16
  • Levy D, Kenchaiah S, Larson MG, Long-term trends in the incidence of and survival with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1397-402
  • Stewart S, Jenkins A, Buchan S, The current cost of heart failure to the National Health Service in the UK. Eur J Heart Fail 2002;4:361-71
  • Dickstein K, Cohen-Solal A, Filippatos G, ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2008 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association of the ESC (HFA) and endorsed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM). Eur Heart J 2008;29:2388-442
  • Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA, Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J 2006;152:86-92
  • Olsson LG, Swedberg K, Ducharme A, Atrial fibrillation and risk of clinical events in chronic heart failure with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results from the candesartan in heart failure-assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1997-2004
  • Kjeldsen SE, Stalhammar J, Hasvold P, Effects of losartan vs candesartan in reducing cardiovascular events in the primary treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:263-73
  • Inzucchi S, Bergenstal R, Fonseca V, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2010;33(Suppl 1):S62-9
  • Laakso M. Hyperglycemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Prim Care 1999;26:829-39
  • Ryden L, Standl E, Bartnik M, Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary. The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J 2007;28:88-136
  • Qiao Q, Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Age- and sex-specific prevalences of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 13 European cohorts. Diabetes Care 2003;26:61-9
  • Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003;21:875-86
  • Owada K. Efficacy of candesartan in the treatment of migraine in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res 2004;27:441-6
  • Tronvik E, Stovner LJ, Helde G, Prophylactic treatment of migraine with an angiotensin II receptor blocker: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289:65-9
  • Easthope SE, Jarvis B. Candesartan cilexetil: an update of its use in essential hypertension. Drugs 2002;62:1253-87
  • Hubner R, Hogemann AM, Sunzel M, Pharmacokinetics of candesartan after single and repeated doses of candesartan cilexetil in young and elderly healthy volunteers. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S19-25
  • Riddell JG. Bioavailability of candesartan is unaffected by food in healthy volunteers administered candesartan cilexetil. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S29-30
  • van Lier JJ, van Heiningen PN, Sunzel M. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of 14C-candesartan and 14C-candesartan cilexetil in healthy volunteers. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(Suppl 2):S27-8
  • Taavitsainen P, Kiukaanniemi K, Pelkonen O. In vitro inhibition screening of human hepatic P450 enzymes by five angiotensin-II receptor antagonists. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:135-40
  • Schulz EG, Bahri S, Schettler V, Pharmacokinetics and antihypertensive effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients undergoing haemodialysis: an open-label, single-centre study. Clin Drug Investig 2009;29:713-19
  • Gradman AH. AT(1)-receptor blockers: differences that matter. J Hum Hypertens 2002;16(Suppl 3):S9-16
  • Mendis B, Page SR. Candesartan: widening indications for this angiotensin II receptor blocker? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009;10:1995-2007
  • Lacourciere Y, Asmar R. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after a missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients: a placebo-controlled, forced titration study. Candesartan/Losartan study investigators. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1181-7
  • Frimodt-Møller M, Hoj Nielsen A, Strandgaard S, Feasibility of combined treatment with enalapril and candesartan in advanced chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25:842-7
  • Reif M, White WB, Fagan TC, Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Cilexetil Study Investigators. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:961-5
  • Gradman AH, Lewin A, Bowling BT, Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension. Candesartan Versus Losartan Efficacy Comparison (CANDLE) Study Group. Heart Dis 1999;1:52-7
  • Andersson OK, Neldam S. The antihypertensive effect and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil, a new generation angiotensin II antagonist, in comparison with losartan. Blood Press 1998;7:53-9
  • Meredith PA, Murray LS, McInnes GT. Comparison of the efficacy of candesartan and losartan: a meta-analysis of trials in the treatment of hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2010;24:525-31
  • Vidt DG, White WB, Ridley E, A forced titration study of antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in comparison to losartan: CLAIM Study II. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:475-80
  • Bonner G. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5 mg and 32/25 mg in patients not optimally controlled with candesartan monotherapy. Blood Press Suppl 2008;2:22-30
  • Mengden T, Uen S, Bramlage P. Management of hypertension with fixed dose combinations of candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide: patient perspectives and clinical utility. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009;5:1043-58
  • Bonner G. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5 mg and 32/25 mg in patients not optimally controlled with candesartan monotherapy. Blood Press 2008;17(Suppl 2):22-30
  • Karlson BW, Zetterstrand S, Olofsson B, A dose-response analysis of candesartan-hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy in patients with hypertension. Blood Press 2009;18:149-56
  • Edes I. Combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil 32 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg provides the full additive antihypertensive effect of the components: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in primary care. Clin Drug Investig 2009;29:293-304
  • Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1685-97
  • Schunkert H. Pharmacotherapy for prehypertension – mission accomplished? N Engl J Med 2006;354:1742-4
  • Ciulla MM, Paliotti R, Esposito A, Effects of antihypertensive treatment on ultrasound measures of myocardial fibrosis in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: results of a randomized trial comparing the angiotensin receptor antagonist, candesartan and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril. J Hypertens 2009;27:626-32
  • Yasuno S, Ueshima K, Oba K, Clinical significance of left ventricular hypertrophy and changes in left ventricular mass in high-risk hypertensive patients: a subanalysis of the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan trial. J Hypertens 2009;27:1705-12
  • Ueshima K, Yasuno S, Oba K, Effects of cardiac complications on cardiovascular events in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: subanalysis of the CASE-J trial. Circ J 2009;73:1080-5
  • De Rosa ML, Chiariello M. Candesartan improves maximal exercise capacity in hypertensives: results of a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11:192-200
  • Trenkwalder P. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE) – recent analyses. J Hypertens Suppl 2006;24:S107-14
  • Zanchetti A, Elmfeldt D. Findings and implications of the study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE) – a review. Blood Press 2006;15:71-9
  • Almirall J, Valenzuela MP, Lopez T. Candesartan reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:281; author reply 281-2
  • Suzuki H, Kanno Y, Sugahara S, Effect of angiotensin receptor blockers on cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;52:501-6
  • Takahashi A, Takase H, Toriyama T, Candesartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker, reduces cardiovascular events in patients on chronic haemodialysis – a randomized study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006;21:2507-12
  • Kasanuki H, Hagiwara N, Hosoda S, Angiotensin II receptor blocker-based vs. non-angiotensin II receptor blocker-based therapy in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and hypertension: the Heart Institute of Japan Candesartan Randomized Trial for Evaluation in Coronary Artery Disease (HIJ-CREATE. Eur Heart J 2009;30:1203-12
  • Ogihara T, Saruta T, Rakugi H, Relationship between the achieved blood pressure and the incidence of cardiovascular events in Japanese hypertensive patients with complications: a sub-analysis of the CASE-J trial. Hypertens Res 2009;32:248-54
  • Saruta T, Hayashi K, Ogihara T, Effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease: subanalysis of the CASE-J Study. Hypertens Res 2009;32:505-12
  • Ueshima K, Oba K, Yasuno S, Long-term effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: rationale, design, and characteristics of candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan extension (CASE-J Ex. Contemp Clin Trials 2009;30:97-101
  • Perrone-Filardi P, Corrado L, Brevetti G, Effects of AT1 receptor antagonism with candesartan on endothelial function in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11:260-5
  • Riegger GA, Bouzo H, Petr P, Improvement in exercise tolerance and symptoms of congestive heart failure during treatment with candesartan cilexetil. Symptom, Tolerability, Response to Exercise Trial of Candesartan Cilexetil in Heart Failure (STRETCH) Investigators. Circulation 1999;100:2224-30
  • Granger CB, Ertl G, Kuch J, Randomized trial of candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of patients with congestive heart failure and a history of intolerance to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am Heart J 2000;139:609-17
  • Matsumori A. Efficacy and safety of oral candesartan cilexetil in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2003;5:669-77
  • McKelvie RS, Yusuf S, Pericak D, Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure: randomized evaluation of strategies for left ventricular dysfunction (RESOLVD) pilot study. The RESOLVD Pilot Study Investigators. Circulation 1999;100:1056-64
  • Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet 2003;362:759-66
  • Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772-6
  • McMurray JJ, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-71
  • Yusuf S, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003;362:777-81
  • Mitrovic V, Appel KF, Proskynitopoulos N, Effects of candesartan cilexetil ‘add-on’ treatment in congestive heart failure outpatients in daily practice. Clin Res Cardiol 2009;98:379-89
  • Mariscalco G, Dominici C, Banach M, Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors and candesartan have no effects on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: comment on: Mehmet Ozaydin et al. ‘Effect of renin-angiotensin aldosteron system blockers on postoperative atrial fibrillation’. Int J Cardiol 2010;142:209-10
  • Ozaydin M, Peker O. Angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors and candesartan have no effects on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: reply. Int J Cardiol 2010;144:273-4
  • Tveit A, Grundvold I, Olufsen M, Candesartan in the prevention of relapsing atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2007;120:85-91
  • Ozaydin M, Dede O, Varol E, Effect of renin-angiotensin aldosteron system blockers on postoperative atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2008;127:362-7
  • Kawamura M, Ito H, Onuki T, Candesartan decreases type III procollagen-N-peptide levels and inflammatory marker levels and maintains sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010;55:511-17
  • Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003
  • Doggrell SA. Candesartan for the prevention and treatment of stroke – results of the SCOPE and ACCESS trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2004;5:687-90
  • Papademetriou V, Farsang C, Elmfeldt D, Stroke prevention with the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension: the study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1175-80
  • Sandset EC, Bath PM, Boysen G, The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet 2011;377:741-50
  • Lafata JE, Tunceli O, Cerghet M, The use of migraine preventive medications among patients with and without migraine headaches. Cephalalgia 2010;30:97-104
  • Elliott WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;369:201-7
  • Gillespie EL, White CM, Kardas M, The impact of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on the development of new-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2261-6
  • Scheen AJ. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 2. Overview of physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Diabetes Metab 2004;30:498-505
  • Scheen AJ. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus. Part 1. A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Diabetes Metab 2004;30:487-96
  • Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T, Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension 2008;51:393-8
  • Yusuf S, Ostergren JB, Gerstein HC, Effects of candesartan on the development of a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in patients with heart failure. Circulation 2005;112:48-53
  • Nakao K, Hirata M, Oba K, Role of diabetes and obesity in outcomes of the candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial. Hypertens Res 2010;33:600-6
  • Preiss D, Zetterstrand S, McMurray JJ, Predictors of development of diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure in the candesartan in heart failure assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Diabetes Care 2009;32:915-20
  • Bilous R, Chaturvedi N, Sjolie AK, Effect of candesartan on microalbuminuria and albumin excretion rate in diabetes: three randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 2009;151:11-20, W3-4
  • Murayama S, Hirano T, Sakaue T, Low-dose candesartan cilexetil prevents early kidney damage in type 2 diabetic patients with mildly elevated blood pressure. Hypertens Res 2003;26:453-8
  • Rossing K, Christensen PK, Hansen BV, Optimal dose of candesartan for renoprotection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy: a double-blind randomized cross-over study. Diabetes Care 2003;26:150-5
  • Nutahara K, Higashihara E, Horie S, Calcium channel blocker versus angiotensin II receptor blocker in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2005;99:c18-23
  • Omoto K, Tanabe K, Tokumoto T, Use of candesartan cilexetil decreases proteinuria in renal transplant patients with chronic allograft dysfunction. Transplantation 2003;76:1170-4
  • Kurokawa K, Abe K, Saruta T, Antiproteinuric effect of candesartan cilexetil in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2002;3:167-75
  • Chaturvedi N, Porta M, Klein R, Effect of candesartan on prevention (DIRECT-Prevent 1) and progression (DIRECT-Protect 1) of retinopathy in type 1 diabetes: randomised, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2008;372:1394-402
  • Sjølie AK, Klein R, Porta M, Effect of candesartan on progression and regression of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (DIRECT-Protect 2): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;372:1385-93
  • Baguet JP, Asmar R, Valensi P, Effects of candesartan cilexetil on carotid remodeling in hypertensive diabetic patients: the MITEC study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009;5:175-83
  • Radke PW, Figulla HR, Drexler H, A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the effects of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil on intimal hyperplasia after coronary stent implantation. Am Heart J 2006;152:761 e1-6
  • Penicka M, Gregor P, Kerekes R, The effects of candesartan on left ventricular hypertrophy and function in nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot, randomized study. J Mol Diagn 2009;11:35-41
  • Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2007;28:1462-536
  • Rosendorff C, Black HR, Cannon CP, Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 2007;115:2761-88
  • Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 2009;119:e391-479
  • Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005;112:e154-235
  • Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, The ACCESS Study: evaluation of acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors. Stroke 2003;34:1699-703

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.