Investigational noncardiovascular uses of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors

Bibliography

• Eardley I, Donatucci C, Corbin J, Pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:524-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palit V, Eardley I. An update on new oral PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Nat Rev Urol 2010;7:603-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nehra A. Erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease: efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in men with both conditions. Mayo Clin Proc 2009;84:139-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitra (vardenafil HCl). Full prescribing information. Bayer HealthCare; Wayne, NJ: 2010
   Google Scholar
• Cialis (tadalafil). Full prescribing information. Eli Lilly; Indianapolis, IN: 2010
   Google Scholar
• Viagra (sildenafil citrate). Full prescribing information. Pfizer, Inc; New York, NY: 2011
   Google Scholar
• Speakman MJ. PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of LUTS. Curr Pharm Des 2009;15:3502-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan SA, Gonzalez RR, Te AE. Combination of alfuzosin and sildenafil is superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2007;51:1717-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liguori G, Trombetta C, De Giorgi G, Efficacy and safety of combined oral therapy with tadalafil and alfuzosin: an integrated approach to the management of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. Preliminary report. J Sex Med 2009;6:544-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuncel A, Nalcacioglu V, Ener K, Sildenafil citrate and tamsulosin combination is not superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction. World J Urol 2010;28:17-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechara A, Romano S, Casabe A, Comparative efficacy assessment of tamsulosin vs. tamsulosin plus tadalafil in the treatment of LUTS/BPH. Pilot study. J Sex Med 2008;5:2170-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stief CG, Porst H, Neuser D, A randomised, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of twice-daily vardenafil in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol 2008;53:1236-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roehrborn CG, Kaminetsky JC, Auerbach SM, Changes in peak urinary flow and voiding efficiency in men with signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia during once daily tadalafil treatment. BJU Int 2010;105:502-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dmochowski R, Roehrborn C, Klise S, Urodynamic effects of once daily tadalafil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, placebo controlled 12-week clinical trial. J Urol 2010;183:1092-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guler C, Tuzel E, Dogantekin E, Kiziltepe G. Does sildenafil affect uroflowmetry values in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic enlargement? Urol Int 2008;80:181-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamimi NA, Mincik I, Haughie S, A placebo-controlled study investigating the efficacy and safety of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor UK-369,003 for the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia. BJU Int 2010;106:674-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVary K, Monnig W, Camps JL Jr, Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and urinary symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Urol 2007;177:1071-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVary KT, Siegel RL, Carlsson M. Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and lower urinary tract symptoms independent of baseline body mass index or LUTS severity. Urology 2008;72:575-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulhall JP, Guhring P, Parker M, Hopps C. Assessment of the impact of sildenafil citrate on lower urinary tract symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2006;3:662-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano FA, Lamb J, Crossland A, A placebo-controlled exploratory study investigating the efficacy and safety of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor UK-369,003 for the treatment of men with storage lower urinary tract symptoms associated with a clinical diagnosis of overactive bladder. BJU Int 2010;106:666-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Rajfer J. Treatment of Peyronie's disease with PDE5 inhibitors: an antifibrotic strategy. Nat Rev Urol 2010;7:215-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backhaus BO, Muller SC, Albers P. Corporoplasty for advanced Peyronie's disease using venous and/or dermis patch grafting: new surgical technique and long-term patient satisfaction. J Urol 2003;169:981-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal NK, Kumar A, Das SK, Experience with plaque excision and dermal grafting in the surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease. Singapore Med J 2008;49:805-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzer JU, Muhlen B, Schukai O. Penile corporoplasty using tunica albuginea free graft from proximal corpus cavernosum: a new technique for treatment of penile curvature in Peyronie's disease. Eur Urol 2003;44:720-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine LA, Greenfield JM, Estrada CR. Erectile dysfunction following surgical correction of Peyronie's disease and a pilot study of the use of sildenafil citrate rehabilitation for postoperative erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005;2:241-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine LA, Latchamsetty KC. Treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients with Peyronie's disease using sildenafil citrate. Int J Impot Res 2002;14:478-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrini MG, Kovanecz I, Nolazco G, Effects of long-term vardenafil treatment on the development of fibrotic plaques in a rat model of Peyronie's disease. BJU Int 2006;97:625-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valente EG, Vernet D, Ferrini MG, L-Arginine and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors counteract fibrosis in the Peyronie's fibrotic plaque and related fibroblast cultures. Nitric Oxide 2003;9:229-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano F, Jackson G, Montorsi F, Safety of sildenafil citrate: review of 67 double-blind placebo-controlled trials and the postmarketing safety database. Int J Clin Pract 2010;64:240-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lue TF, Bella AJ. Words of wisdom. Re: feasibility of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in a pharmacologic prevention program for recurrent priapism. Eur Urol 2007;52:918-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett AL, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC, Musicki B. Feasibility of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in a pharmacologic prevention program for recurrent priapism. J Sex Med 2006;3:1077-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajfer J, Gore JL, Kaufman J, Gonzalez-Cadavid N. Case report: avoidance of palpable corporal fibrosis due to priapism with upregulators of nitric oxide. J Sex Med 2006;3:173-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon CG, McMahon CN, Leow LJ, Winestock CG. Efficacy of type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the drug treatment of premature ejaculation: a systematic review. BJU Int 2006;98:259-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattos RM, Marmo Lucon A, Srougi M. Tadalafil and fluoxetine in premature ejaculation: prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Urol Int 2008;80:162-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini MM, Yarmohammadi H. Effect of fluoxetine alone and in combination with sildenafil in patients with premature ejaculation. Urol Int 2007;79:28-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aversa A, Pili M, Francomano D, Effects of vardenafil administration on intravaginal ejaculatory latency time in men with lifelong premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res 2009;21:221-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang WF, Wang Y, Minhas S, Ralph DJ. Can sildenafil treat primary premature ejaculation? A prospective clinical study. Int J Urol 2007;14:331-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathers MJ, Klotz T, Roth S, Safety and efficacy of vardenafil versus sertraline in the treatment of premature ejaculation: a randomised, prospective and crossover study. Andrologia 2009;41:169-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano F, Rubio-Aurioles E, Kennelly M, Efficacy and safety of vardenafil in men with erectile dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury. Neurology 2006;66:210-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitriadis F, Tsambalas S, Tsounapi P, Effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors on Leydig cell secretory function in oligoasthenospermic infertile men: a randomized trial. BJU Int 2010;106:1181-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenn DR, McVicar CM, McClure N, Lewis SE. Sildenafil citrate improves sperm motility but causes a premature acrosome reaction in vitro. Fertil Steril 2007;87:1064-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis SH. Phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11): is it a player in human testicular function? Int J Impot Res 2005;17:467-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pomara G, Morelli G, Canale D, Alterations in sperm motility after acute oral administration of sildenafil or tadalafil in young, infertile men. Fertil Steril 2007;88:860-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa T. Tadalafil as an in vitro sperm motility stimulant. Andrologia 2007;39:12-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das A, Salloum FN, Xi L, ERK phosphorylation mediates sildenafil-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009;296:H1236-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reffelmann T, Kloner RA. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: are they cardioprotective? Cardiovasc Res 2009;83:204-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee KW, Jeong JY, Lim BJ, Sildenafil attenuates renal injury in an experimental model of rat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 2009;257:137-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher PW, Salloum F, Das A, Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with sildenafil attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and left ventricular dysfunction in a chronic model of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Circulation 2005;111:1601-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medeiros JV, Gadelha GG, Lima SJ, Role of the NO/cGMP/K(ATP) pathway in the protective effects of sildenafil against ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2008;153:721-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato N, Mashita Y, Kato S, Sildenafil, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase subtype 5, prevents indomethacin-induced small-intestinal ulceration in rats via a NO/cGMP-dependent mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54:2346-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soydan G, Sokmensuer C, Kilinc K, Tuncer M. The effects of sildenafil on the functional and structural changes of ileum induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;610:87-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertner E. Treatment with sildenafil for the healing of refractory skin ulcerations in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2003;12:133-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colglazier CL, Sutej PG, O'Rourke KS. Severe refractory fingertip ulcerations in a patient with scleroderma: successful treatment with sildenafil. J Rheumatol 2005;32:2440-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wollina U, Buslau M, Heinig B, Disabling pansclerotic morphea of childhood poses a high risk of chronic ulceration of the skin and squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2007;6:291-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fries R, Shariat K, von Wilmowsky H, Bohm M. Sildenafil in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon resistant to vasodilatory therapy. Circulation 2005;112:2980-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brueckner CS, Becker MO, Kroencke T, Effect of sildenafil on digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis: analysis from a single centre pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1475-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bortolotti M, Mari C, Lopilato C, Effects of sildenafil on esophageal motility of patients with idiopathic achalasia. Gastroenterology 2000;118:253-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eherer AJ, Schwetz I, Hammer HF, Effect of sildenafil on oesophageal motor function in healthy subjects and patients with oesophageal motor disorders. Gut 2002;50:758-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aboussouan LS. Mechanisms of exercise limitation and pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with neuromuscular disease. Chron Respir Dis 2009;6:231-49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Sildenafil (Viagra) induces neurogenesis and promotes functional recovery after stroke in rats. Stroke 2002;33:2675-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang RL, Tadalafil, a long-acting type 5 phosphodiesterase isoenzyme inhibitor, improves neurological functional recovery in a rat model of embolic stroke. Brain Res 2006;1118:192-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang RL, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Delayed treatment with sildenafil enhances neurogenesis and improves functional recovery in aged rats after focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2006;83:1213-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding G, Jiang Q, Li L, Magnetic resonance imaging investigation of axonal remodeling and angiogenesis after embolic stroke in sildenafil-treated rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2008;28:1440-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver B, McCarthy S, Lu M, Sildenafil treatment of subacute ischemic stroke: a safety study at 25-mg daily for 2 weeks. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;18:381-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devan BD, Pistell PJ, Daffin LW Jr, Sildenafil citrate attenuates a complex maze impairment induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of the NOS inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;563:134-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puzzo D, Staniszewski A, Deng SX, Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves synaptic function, memory, and amyloid-beta load in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. J Neurosci 2009;29:8075-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabayan B, Zamiri N, Farshchizarabi S. Phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: novel weapons against Alzheimer's disease? Int J Neurosci 2010;120:746-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff DC, Cather C, Freudenreich O, A placebo-controlled study of sildenafil effects on cognition in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;202:411-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutten K, Basile JL, Prickaerts J, Selective PDE inhibitors rolipram and sildenafil improve object retrieval performance in adult cynomolgus macaques. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008;196:643-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng YF, Wang C, Lin HB, Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-4 reverses memory deficits produced by Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40 peptide in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010;212:181-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drott J, Desire L, Drouin D, Etazolate improves performance in a foraging and homing task in aged rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010;634:95-100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamo CM, Dai DF, Percival JM, Sildenafil reverses cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:19079-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil CS, Singh VP, Singh S, Kulkarni SK. Modulatory effect of the PDE-5 inhibitor sildenafil in diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacology 2004;72:190-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desouza C, Parulkar A, Lumpkin D, Acute and prolonged effects of sildenafil on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1336-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aversa A, Vitale C, Volterrani M, Chronic administration of sildenafil improves markers of endothelial function in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2008;25:37-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stirban A, Laude D, Elghozi JL, Acute effects of sildenafil on flow mediated dilatation and cardiovascular autonomic nerve function in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009;25:136-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover-Paez F, Villegas Rivera G, Guillen Ortiz R. Sildenafil citrate diminishes microalbuminuria and the percentage of A1c in male patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;78:136-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman RP. Metabolic syndrome racial differences in adolescents. Curr Diabetes Rev 2009;5:259-65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aversa A, Greco E, Bruzziches R, Relationship between chronic tadalafil administration and improvement of endothelial function in men with erectile dysfunction: a pilot study. Int J Impot Res 2007;19:200-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosano GM, Aversa A, Vitale C, Chronic treatment with tadalafil improves endothelial function in men with increased cardiovascular risk. Eur Urol 2005;47:214-20. discussion 20-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazo E, Gamidov S, Iremashvili V. The effect of vardenafil on endothelial function of brachial and cavernous arteries. Int J Impot Res 2006;18:464-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huilgol NG, Jain A. A new indication of sildenafil in medicine: hypoxic cell sensitizer for penile cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2006;2:132-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black KL, Yin D, Ong JM, PDE5 inhibitors enhance tumor permeability and efficacy of chemotherapy in a rat brain tumor model. Brain Res 2008;1230:290-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu J, Ljubimova JY, Inoue S, Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors increase Herceptin transport and treatment efficacy in mouse metastatic brain tumor models. PLoS One 2010;5:e10108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di X, Gennings C, Bear HD, Influence of the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, on sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010;124:349-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serafini P, Meckel K, Kelso M, Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition augments endogenous antitumor immunity by reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell function. J Exp Med 2006;203:2691-702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botha P, Parry G, Dark JH, Macgowan GA. Acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous sildenafil citrate in congestive heart failure: comparison of phosphodiesterase type-3 and -5 inhibition. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009;28:676-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruszewski M, Zakliczynski M, Przybylski R, Use of sildenafil in heart transplant recipients with pulmonary hypertension may prevent right heart failure. Transplant Proc 2007;39:2850-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Santo LS, Mastroianni C, Romano G, Role of sildenafil in acute posttransplant right ventricular dysfunction: successful experience in 13 consecutive patients. Transplant Proc 2008;40:2015-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin MJ, McDougall NI, Wendon JA, Safety and efficacy of combined use of sildenafil, bosentan, and iloprost before and after liver transplantation in severe portopulmonary hypertension. Liver Transpl 2008;14:287-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadden IS, Greanya ED, Erb SR, The use of sildenafil to treat portopulmonary hypertension prior to liver transplantation. Ann Hepatol 2009;8:158-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makisalo H, Koivusalo A, Vakkuri A, Hockerstedt K. Sildenafil for portopulmonary hypertension in a patient undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2004;10:945-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough MS, White RJ. Sildenafil therapy is associated with improved hemodynamics in liver transplantation candidates with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Liver Transpl 2009;15:30-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemnes AR, Robbins IM. Sildenafil monotherapy in portopulmonary hypertension can facilitate liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2009;15:15-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lledo-Garcia E, Subira-Rios D, Rodriguez-Martinez D, Sildenafil as a protecting drug for warm ischemic kidney transplants: experimental results. J Urol 2009;182:1222-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korom S, Hillinger S, Cardell M, Sildenafil extends survival and graft function in a large animal lung transplantation model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29:288-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pizanis N, Heckmann J, Wendt D, Improvement of pulmonary microcirculation after lung transplantation using phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor modified preservation solution. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;35:801-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai JW, Ayubi FS, Hart KL, Evaluation of the effect of sildenafil and vascular endothelium growth factor combination treatment on skin flap survival in rats. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2008;32:624-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman JR, Berman LA, Toler SM, Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate for the treatment of female sexual arousal disorder: a double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Urol 2003;170:2333-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster R, Mears A, Goldmeier D. A literature review and case reports series on the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Int J STD AIDS 2009;20:152-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Made F, Bloemers J, Yassem WE, The influence of testosterone combined with a PDE5-inhibitor on cognitive, affective, and physiological sexual functioning in women suffering from sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2009;6:777-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DasGupta R, Wiseman OJ, Kanabar G, Efficacy of sildenafil in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction due to multiple sclerosis. J Urol 2004;171:1189-93; discussion 93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown DA, Kyle JA, Ferrill MJ. Assessing the clinical efficacy of sildenafil for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Ann Pharmacother 2009;43:1275-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruso S, Rugolo S, Agnello C, Sildenafil improves sexual functioning in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes who are affected by sexual arousal disorder: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled pilot study. Fertil Steril 2006;85:1496-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nurnberg HG, Hensley PL, Heiman JR, Sildenafil treatment of women with antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;300:395-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claret L, Cox EH, McFadyen L, Modeling and simulation of sexual activity daily diary data of patients with female sexual arousal disorder treated with sildenafil citrate (Viagra). Pharm Res 2006;23:1756-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanueva-Garcia D, Mota-Rojas D, Hernandez-Gonzalez R, A systematic review of experimental and clinical studies of sildenafil citrate for intrauterine growth restriction and pre-term labour. J Obstet Gynaecol 2007;27:255-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takasaki A, Tamura H, Miwa I, Endometrial growth and uterine blood flow: a pilot study for improving endometrial thickness in the patients with a thin endometrium. Fertil Steril 2010;93:1851-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Check JH, Graziano V, Lee G, Neither sildenafil nor vaginal estradiol improves endometrial thickness in women with thin endometria after taking oral estradiol in graduating dosages. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 2004;31:99-102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jerzak M, Kniotek M, Mrozek J, Sildenafil citrate decreased natural killer cell activity and enhanced chance of successful pregnancy in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 2008;90:1848-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Far M, El-Motwally Ael G, Hashem IA, Bakry N. Biochemical role of intravaginal sildenafil citrate as a novel antiabortive agent in unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage: first clinical study of four case reports from Egypt. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1433-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher G, Fisch JD. Vaginal sildenafil (Viagra): a preliminary report of a novel method to improve uterine artery blood flow and endometrial development in patients undergoing IVF. Hum Reprod 2000;15:806-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher G, Fisch JD. Effect of vaginal sildenafil on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) after multiple IVF failures attributed to poor endometrial development. Fertil Steril 2002;78:1073-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turgut NH, Temiz TK, Bagcivan I, The effect of sildenafil on the altered thoracic aorta smooth muscle responses in rat pre-eclampsia model. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;589:180-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samangaya RA, Mires G, Shennan A, A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil for the treatment of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2009;28:369-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller SL, Loose JM, Jenkin G, Wallace EM. The effects of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) on uterine blood flow and well being in the intrauterine growth-restricted fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:102 e1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterfield MC, Bazer FW, Spencer TE, Wu G. Sildenafil citrate treatment enhances amino acid availability in the conceptus and fetal growth in an ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction. J Nutr 2010;140:251-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar