Chronic rhinosinusitis: an update on current pharmacotherapy

Bibliography

• Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, et al. European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2012. Rhinol Suppl 2012(23); 3p preceding table of contents, 1-298
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hellings PW, Scadding G, Alobid I, et al. Executive summary of European Task Force document on diagnostic tools in rhinology. Rhinology 2012;50(4):339-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe–an underestimated disease. A GA(2)LEN study. Allergy 2011;66(9):1216-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell DL, Collins JG, Coles R. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national Health Interview Survey, 1997. Vital Health Stat 10 2002(205):1-109
   Google Scholar
• Pilan RR, Pinna FR, Bezerra TF, et al. Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in Sao Paulo. Rhinology 2012;50(2):129-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz de Loos DA, Hopkins C, Fokkens WJ. Symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 2013;123(1):57-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponikau JU, Sherris DA, Kern EB, et al. The diagnosis and incidence of allergic fungal sinusitis. Mayo Clinic Proc 1999;74(9):877-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasama J, Sherris DA, Shin SH, et al. New paradigm for the roles of fungi and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;13(1):2-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bachert C, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, et al. Total and specific IgE in nasal polyps is related to local eosinophilic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107(4):607-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachert C, Zhang N, Patou J, et al. Role of staphylococcal superantigens in upper airway disease. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;8(1):34-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca-Ferrer J, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Pereda J, et al. Reduced expression of COXs and production of prostaglandin E(2) in patients with nasal polyps with or without aspirin-intolerant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(1):66-72; e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Crombruggen K, Zhang N, Gevaert P, et al. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(4):728-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan BK, Li QZ, Suh L, et al. Evidence for intranasal antinuclear autoantibodies in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(6):1198-206; e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foreman A, Holtappels G, Psaltis AJ, et al. Adaptive immune responses in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-associated chronic rhinosinusitis. Allergy 2011;66(11):1449-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbens FA, Scadding GK, Badia L, et al. Amphotericin B nasal lavages: not a solution for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118(5):1149-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang KL, Su MC, Shiao JY, et al. Amphotericin B irrigation for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Am J Rhinol 2008;22(1):52-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sacks PL, Harvey RJ, Rimmer J, et al. Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for the symptomatic treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(8):CD008263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Fokkens WJ. Fungus as the cause of chronic rhinosinusitis: the case remains unproven. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009;17(1):43-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankiewicz JA, Musgrave BK, Scianna JM. Nasal amphotericin irrigation in chronic rhinosinusitis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;16(1):44-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littman DR, Pamer EG. Role of the commensal microbiota in normal and pathogenic host immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 2011;10(4):311-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zele T, Claeys S, Gevaert P, et al. Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediators. Allergy 2006;61(11):1280-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuwaki Y, Ookushi T, Asaka D, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis: risk factors for the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis based on 5-year follow-up after endoscopic sinus surgery. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2008;146(Suppl 1):77-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao PP, Li HB, Wang BF, et al. Distinct immunopathologic characteristics of various types of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult Chinese. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124(3):478-84; 84 e1-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JW, Hong SL, Kim YK, et al. Histological and immunological features of non-eosinophilic nasal polyps. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;137(6):925-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang N, Holtappels G, Claeys C, et al. Pattern of inflammation and impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyps from southern China. Am J Rhinol 2006;20(4):445-50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hadfield PJ, Rowe-Jones JM, Mackay IS. The prevalence of nasal polyps in adults with cystic fibrosis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2000;25(1):19-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbens FA, Toppila-Salmi SK, Renkonen JA, et al. Endothelial L-selectin ligand expression in nasal polyps. Allergy 2010;65(1):95-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragab SM, Lund VJ, Scadding G. Evaluation of the medical and surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Laryngoscope 2004;114(5):923-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagai H, Shishido H, Yoneda R, et al. Long-term low-dose administration of erythromycin to patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Respiration 1991;58(3-4):145-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videler WJ, van Hee K, Reinartz SM, et al. Long-term low-dose antibiotics in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis: a retrospective analysis. Rhinology 2012;50(1):45-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallwork B, Coman W, Mackay-Sim A, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of macrolide in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2006;116(2):189-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videler WJ, Badia L, Harvey RJ, et al. Lack of efficacy of long-term, low-dose azithromycin in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2011;66(11):1457-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haruna S, Shimada C, Ozawa M, et al. A study of poor responders for long-term, low-dose macrolide administration for chronic sinusitis. Rhinology 2009;47(1):66-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee D, Honeybourne D, Khair OA. The effect of oral clarithromycin on bronchial airway inflammation in moderate-to-severe stable COPD: a randomized controlled trial. Treat Respir Med 2004;3(1):59-65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banerjee D, Khair OA, Honeybourne D. The effect of oral clarithromycin on health status and sputum bacteriology in stable COPD. Respir Med 2005;99(2):208-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert RK, Connett J, Bailey WC, et al. Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med 2011;365(8):689-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legent F, Bordure P, Beauvillain C, Berche P. A double-blind comparison of ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in the treatment of chronic sinusitis. Chemotherapy 1994;40(Suppl 1):8-15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Namyslowski G, Misiolek M, Czecior E, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 875 mg b.i.d. with cefuroxime 500 mg b.i.d. in the treatment of chronic and acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis in adults. J Chemother 2002;14(5):508-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desrosiers MY, Salas-Prato M. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to other treatments with topical antibiotic therapy delivered by means of a large-particle nebulizer: results of a controlled trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;125(3):265-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykes DA, Wilson R, Chan KL, et al. Relative importance of antibiotic and improved clearance in topical treatment of chronic mucopurulent rhinosinusitis. A controlled study. Lancet 1986;2(8503):359-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videler WJ, van Drunen CM, Reitsma JB, Fokkens WJ. Nebulized bacitracin/colimycin: a treatment option in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis with Staphylococcus aureus? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study. Rhinology 2008;46(2):92-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zele T, Gevaert P, Holtappels G, et al. Oral steroids and doxycycline: two different approaches to treat nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(5):1069-76; e4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalek P, Petras P, Klement V, Hahn A. Short-term antibiotics treatment in patients with nasal polyps and enterotoxins producing Staphylococcus aureus strains. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009;266(12):1909-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullol J, Lopez E, Roca-Ferrer J, et al. Effects of topical anti-inflammatory drugs on eosinophil survival primed by epithelial cells. Additive effect of glucocorticoids and nedocromil sodium. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27(12):1432-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, Xaubet A, et al. Inhibition of GM-CSF secretion by topical corticosteroids and nedocromil sodium. A comparison study using nasal polyp epithelial cells. Respir Med 2000;94(5):428-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullol J, Xaubet A, Gaya A, et al. Cytokine gene expression and release from epithelial cells. A comparison study between healthy nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25(7):607-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullol J, Xaubet A, Lopez E, et al. Comparative study of the effects of different glucocorticosteroids on eosinophil survival primed by cultured epithelial cell supernatants obtained from nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Thorax 1995;50(3):270-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xaubet A, Mullol J, Roca-Ferrer J, et al. Effect of budesonide and nedocromil sodium on IL-6 and IL-8 release from human nasal mucosa and polyp epithelial cells. Respir Med 2001;95(5):408-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakley RH, Sar M, Cidlowski JA. The human glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform. Expression, biochemical properties, and putative function. J Biol Chem 1996;271(16):9550-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey RJ, Goddard JC, Wise SK, Schlosser RJ. Effects of endoscopic sinus surgery and delivery device on cadaver sinus irrigation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;139(1):137-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grobler A, Weitzel EK, Buele A, et al. Pre- and postoperative sinus penetration of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 2008;118(11):2078-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snidvongs K, Chaowanapanja P, Aeumjaturapat S, et al. Does nasal irrigation enter paranasal sinuses in chronic rhinosinusitis? Am J Rhinol 2008;22(5):483-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olson DE, Rasgon BM, Hilsinger RL Jr. Radiographic comparison of three methods for nasal saline irrigation. Laryngoscope 2002;112(8 Pt 1):1394-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine R, Athanasiadis T, Thwin M, et al. A prospective controlled trial of pulsed nasal nebulizer in maximally dissected cadavers. Am J Rhinol 2008;22(4):390-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wormald PJ, Cain T, Oates L, et al. A comparative study of three methods of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 2004;114(12):2224-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SD, Jang JY, Kim JH, et al. The effect of anatomically directed topical steroid drops on frontal recess patency after endoscopic sinus surgery: a prospective randomized single blind study. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2012;26(3):209-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derendorf H, Meltzer EO. Molecular and clinical pharmacology of intranasal corticosteroids: clinical and therapeutic implications. Allergy 2008;63(10):1292-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lal D, Hwang PH. Oral corticosteroid therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2011;1(2):136-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosca MA, Cosentino C, Pallestrini E, et al. Medical treatment reverses cytokine pattern in allergic and nonallergic chronic rhinosinusitis in asthmatic children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2003;14(3):238-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alobid I, Benitez P, Pujols L, et al. Severe nasal polyposis and its impact on quality of life. The effect of a short course of oral steroids followed by long-term intranasal steroid treatment. Rhinology 2006;44(1):8-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hissaria P, Smith W, Wormald PJ, et al. Short course of systemic corticosteroids in sinonasal polyposis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with evaluation of outcome measures. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118(1):128-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Anton A, de Bolos C, Alobid I, et al. Corticosteroid therapy increases membrane-tethered while decreases secreted mucin expression in nasal polyps. Allergy 2008;63(10):1368-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupa V, Jacob M, Mathews MS, Seshadri MS. A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of postoperative oral steroid in allergic fungal sinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010;267(2):233-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidyanathan S, Barnes M, Williamson P, et al. Treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with oral steroids followed by topical steroids: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2011;154(5):293-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kern RC, Conley DB, Walsh W, et al. Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: an immune barrier hypothesis. Am J Rhinol 2008;22(6):549-59
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harvey R, Hannan SA, Badia L, Scadding G. Nasal saline irrigations for the symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007(3):CD006394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pynnonen MA, Mukerji SS, Kim HM, et al. Nasal saline for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007;133(11):1115-20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raza T, Elsherif HS, Zulianello L, et al. Nasal lavage with sodium hypochlorite solution in Staphylococcus aureus persistent rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 2008;46(1):15-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman JD, Fernandez F, Hwang PH. Xylitol nasal irrigation in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a pilot study. Laryngoscope 2011;121(11):2468-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu AG, Palmer JN, Woodworth BA, et al. Baby shampoo nasal irrigations for the symptomatic post-functional endoscopic sinus surgery patient. Am J Rhinol 2008;22(1):34-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heintz B, Schlenter WW, Kirsten R, Nelson K. Clinical efficacy of Broncho-Vaxom in adult patients with chronic purulent sinusitis–a multi-centric, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1989;27(11):530-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinto JM, Mehta N, DiTineo M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anti-IgE for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 2010;48(3):318-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevaert P, Calus L, Van Zele T, et al. Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(1):110-16; e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omalizumab: a second look in severe persistent asthma: new adverse effects. Prescrire Int 2011;20(115):90-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gevaert P, Lang-Loidolt D, Lackner A, et al. Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;118(5):1133-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevaert P, Van Bruaene N, Cattaert T, et al. Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-IL-5 mAb, as a treatment option for severe nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128(5):989-95; e1-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomassen P, Newson RB, Hoffmans R, et al. Reliability of EP3OS symptom criteria and nasal endoscopy in the assessment of chronic rhinosinusitis–a GA(2) LEN study. Allergy 2011;66(4):556-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Akdis C, et al. Uncontrolled allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: where do we stand today? Allergy 2013;68(1):1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akdis CA, Bachert C, Cingi C, et al. Endotypes and phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: A PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013;131(6):1479-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Videler WJ, Georgalas C, Menger DJ, et al. Osteitic bone in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 2011;49(2):139-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbens FA, Toppila-Salmi S, de Groot EJ, et al. Predictors of post-operative response to treatment: a double blind placebo controlled study in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. Rhinology 2011;49(4):413-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldar P, Brightling CE, Hargadon B, et al. Mepolizumab and exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med 2009;360(10):973-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nair P, Pizzichini MM, Kjarsgaard M, et al. Mepolizumab for prednisone-dependent asthma with sputum eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 2009;360(10):985-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavord ID, Korn S, Howarth P, et al. Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380(9842):651-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes KC. Genetic epidemiology of health disparities in allergy and clinical immunology. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117(2):243-54; quiz 55-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denburg JA, Keith PK. Systemic aspects of chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2004;24(1):87-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hens G, Raap U, Vanoirbeek J, et al. Selective nasal allergen provocation induces substance P-mediated bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011;44(4):517-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, et al. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: the GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy 2012;67(1):91-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhowmick B, Singh D. Novel anti-inflammatory treatments for asthma. Expert Rev Respir Med 2008;2(5):617-29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalziel K, Stein K, Round A, et al. Systematic review of endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Health Technol Assess 2003;7(17):iii; 1-159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hopkins C, Browne JP, Slack R, et al. The national comparative audit of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Otolaryngol 2006;31(5):390-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins C, Slack R, Lund V, et al. Long-term outcomes from the English national comparative audit of surgery for nasal polyposis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope 2009;119(12):2459-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poetker DM, Mendolia-Loffredo S, Smith TL. Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis associated with sinonasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol 2007;21(1):84-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cornet ME, Reinartz SM, Georgalas C, et al. The microdebrider, a step forward or an expensive gadget? Rhinology 2012;50(2):191-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar