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Reviews

Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder

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Pages 231-253 | Received 15 Jun 2015, Accepted 26 Oct 2015, Published online: 04 Dec 2015

References

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (•) or of considerable interest (••) to readers
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•• A presentation of the most classic hypothesis about the comorbidity of schizophrenia and SUD.

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•• An excellent review on the reasons why drug abuse and addiction are so prevalent in schizophrenia and which makes the case for a contribution of FGAs to drug addiction.

•• An excellent review on the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenic patients with SUD, which stays very close to the preoccupations of clinicians.

•• A comprehensive review in the field which details for each antipsychotic the available evidence.

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•• An outstanding review with a clear presentation of the different studies comparing FGAs vs SGAs as well as SGAs between them, and those about US-FDA-approved medications specifically for the treatment of SUD.

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•• An excellent review on psychotropic drugs and anticraving agents for the treatment of schizophrenia comorbid with SUD, accompanied by treatment recommendations.

•• An excellent review of open studies and RCTs conducted in schizophrenic patients with SUD which provides expert opinion on this topic.

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•• An informative review on clinical studies of antipsychotics for substance users with and without comorbid psychosis.

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•• An evidence-based review focusing on the clinical studies of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenic patients with SUD.

•• An interesting review on interventions for psychiatric patients with SUD not focused on schizophrenia, but also dealing with depression, bipolar disorders, and anxiety.

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•• The first RCT involving LAI antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with SUD.

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•• An evidence-based demonstration of the overall lack of efficacy of antipsychotics for primary cocaine or psychostimulant dependence.

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•• An outstanding and extremely detailed review of evidence-based studies in the field, which provides clinicians with useful guidelines.

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  • Hong LE, Thaker GK, McMahon RP, et al. Effects of moderate-dose treatment with varenicline on neurobiological and cognitive biomarkers in smokers and nonsmokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68:1195–1206.
  • Shim JC, Jung DU, Jung SS, et al. Adjunctive varenicline treatment with antipsychotic medications for cognitive impairments in people with schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012;37:660–668.
  • Evins AE, Mays VK, Rigotti NA, et al. A pilot trial of bupropion added to cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001;3:397–403.
  • George TP, Vessicchio JC, Termine A, et al. A placebo controlled trial of bupropion for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2002;52:53–61.
  • Fatemi SH, Stary JM, Hatsukami DK, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross over trial of bupropion in smoking reduction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2005;76:353–356.
  • Evins AE, Cather C, Deckersbach T, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of bupropion sustained-release for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005a;25:218–225.
  • Evins AE, Deckersbach T, Cather C, et al. Independent effects of tobacco abstinence and bupropion on cognitive function in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005b;66:1184–1190.
  • Weiner E, Ball MP, Buchholz AS, et al. Bupropion sustained release added to group support for smoking cessation in schizophrenia: a new randomized trial and a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73:95–102.
  • Evins AE, Cather C, Culhane MA, et al. A 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study of bupropion sr added to high-dose dual nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation or reduction in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007;27:380–386.
  • George TP, Vessicchio JC, Sacco KA, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of bupropion combined with nicotine patch for smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63:1092–1096.
  • Kelly DL, McMahon RP, Weiner E, et al. Lack of beneficial galantamine effect for smoking behavior: a double-blind randomized trial in people with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2008;103:161–168.
  • Weinberger AH, Sacco KA, Creeden CL, et al. Effects of acute abstinence, reinstatement, and mecamylamine on biochemical and behavioral measures of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2007;91:217–225.

•• An up-to-date meta-analysis of RCTs involving varenicline for smoking cessation in schizophrenia with SUD.

  • Weinberger AH, George TP, Perkins KA, et al. Effects of topiramate on smoking in patients with schizoaffective disorders, bipolar type. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;28:247–248.
  • Sacco KA, Creeden C, Rentenaner EL, et al. Effects of atomoxetine on cognitive functions and cigarette smoking in schizophrenia. Schizoph Res. 2009;107:332–333.
  • Tsoi DT, Porwal M, Webster AC. Interventions for smoking cessation and reduction in individuals with schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD007253.

•• A meta-analysis of RCTs involving both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for smoking cessation in schizophrenia with SUD.

  • Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Wang GJ, et al. Dopamine in drug abuse and addiction: results from imaging studies and treatment implications. Mol Psychiatry. 2004;9:557–569.

•• A brilliant and evidence-based argumentation for the role of dopamine in drug use and which is paving the way for newer therapeutic strategies.

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  • Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T, et al. Guidelines of Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia. Part 3. Update 2015. Management of special circumstances. Depression, suicidality, substance use disorders and pregnancy and lactation. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015;16:142–170.

•• An up-to-date guideline in the field with a gradation of recommendations for both psychotropic and anticraving agents when administered to schizophrenic patients with SUD.

  • Gilmer TP, Dolder CR, Lacro JP, et al. Adherence to treatment with antipsychotic medication and health care costs among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2004;161:692–699.
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  • Koola MM, Wehring HJ, Kelly DL. The potential role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in people with schizophrenia and comorbid substance use. J Dual Diagn. 2012;8:50–61.

•• An excellent review which makes the case for the use of LAIs in schizophrenic patients with SUD.

  • Stip E, Abdel-Baki A, Bloom D, et al. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: an expert opinion from the Association des médecins psychiatres du Québec. Can J Psychiatry. 2011;56:367–375.

•• A rational guideline for the use of LAI antipsychotics.

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  • Smieskova R, Fusar-Poli P, Allen P, et al. The effects of antipsychotics on the brain: what have we learnt from structural imaging of schizophrenia. A systematic review. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2009;15:2535–2549.
  • Fusar-Poli P, Smieskova R, Kempton MJ, et al. Progressive brain changes in schizophrenia related to antipsychotic treatment ? A meta-analysis of longitudinal MRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013;37:1680–1691.
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•• A brief but straightforward review of potential pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions with substances of abuse and drug treatment.

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  • Farren CK, Hameedi FA, Rosen MA, et al. Significant interactions between clozapine and cocaine in cocaine addicts. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2000;59:153–163.
  • Tardy M, Huhn M, Kissling W, et al. Haloperidol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Jul 2014;9(7):CD 009268. DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD009268. pub2. Review.
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•• An outstanding review on the extrapyramidal, metabolic, and cardiovascular side effects of antipsychotics which provides comparative profiles of drugs for each of these effects.

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