59
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Current pharmacotherapy of pneumococcal meningitis

Pages 121-129 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

REFERENCES

  • SHORT WR, TUNKEL AR: Changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. (2000) 2:327–331.
  • SCHLECH WF III, WARD JI, BAND JD etal.: Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1978 through 1981. The national bacterial meningitis surveillance study. JAMA (1985) 253:1749–1754.
  • WENGER JD, HIGHTOWER AW, FACKLAM RR, THE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS STUDY GROUP: Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1986: report of a multistate surveillance study. J. Infect. Dis. (1990) 162:1316–1323.
  • SCHUCHAT A, ROBINSON K, WENGER JD et al: Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995. N Ertql J. Med. (1997) 337:970-976. ••Reports the most recent US epidemiological trends in bacterial meningitis.
  • KORNELISSE RF, WESTERBEEK CML, SPOOR AB et al.: Pneumococcal meningitis in children: prognostic indicators and outcome. Chit. Infect. Dis. (1995) 21:1390–1397.
  • BARAFF LJ, LEE SI, SCHRIGER DL: Outcomes of bacterial meningitis in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1993) 12:389–394.
  • OLSSON RA, KIRBY JC, ROMANSKY MJ: Pneumococcal meningitis in the adult. Clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects in forty-three patients. Ann. Intern. Med. (1961) 55:545–549.
  • HANSMAN D, BULLEN MM: A resistant pneumococcus. Lancet. (1967) 2:264–265.
  • NARAQI S, KIRKPATRICK GP, KABINS S: Relapsing pneumococcal meningitis: isolation of an organism with decreased susceptibility to penicillin G. J. Pediam (1974) 85:671–673.
  • ARONIN SI: Bacterial meningitis: principles and practical aspects of therapy. Curr. Infect Dis. Rep. (2000) 2:337-344. •Case-based review of the approach to patients with bacterial meningitis.
  • SCHELD WM, SANDE MA: Bactericidal versus bacteriostatic antibiotic therapy of experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. J Cirri. Invest. (1983) 71:411-419. •Elegant animal study showing the need for bactericidal antibiotic therapy.
  • ZWAHLEN A, NYDEGGER UE, VAUDAUX P et al: Complement-mediated opsonic activity in normal and infected human cerebrospinal fluid: early response during bacterial meningitis. J. Infect. Dis. (1982) 145:635–646. •• ••
  • LEPPER M, DOWLING H: Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis with penicillin compared with penicillin plus aureomycin. Arch. Intern. Med. (1951) 88:489.
  • QUAGLIARELLO VJ, SCHELD WM: Treatment of bacterial meningitis. N Engl Med. (1997) 336:708-716. ••Thorough review of currentrecommendations for the treatment of bacterial meningitis.
  • TAUBER MG, SANDE MA: General principles of therapy of pyogenic meningitis. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. (1990) 4:661–676.
  • ARONIN SI, PEDUZZI P, QUAGLIARELLO VJ: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis: risk stratification for adverse clinical outcome and effect of antibiotic timing. Ann. Intern. Med. (1998) 129:862-869. **Identifies prognosticators of poor outcomeand defines the impact of antibiotic timing.
  • BRADLEY JS, SCHELD WM: The challenge of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae meningitis: current antibiotic therapy in the 1990s. Chit. Infect. Dis. (1997) 24\(Suppl. 2):5213–5221.
  • SLOAS MM, BARRETT FF, CHESNEY PJ et al: Cephalosporin treatment failure in penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae meningitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J (1992) 11:662–666.
  • JOHN CC: Treatment failure with use of a third-generation cephalosporin for penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Case report and review. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1994) 18:188–193.
  • CATALAN MJ, FERNANDEZ JM, VAZQUEZ A et al: Failure of cefotaxime in the treatment of meningitis due to relatively resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae. Infect. Dis. (1994) 18:766–769.
  • FLOREZ C, SILVA G, MARTIN E: Cefotaxime failure in pneumococcal meningitis caused by a susceptible isolate. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J (1996) 15:723–724.
  • PACHECO TR, COOPER CK, HARDY DJ et al.: Failure of cefotaxime in an adult with Streptococcus prieumaniae meningitis. Am. j Med. (1997) 102:303–305.
  • GUIBERT M, CHCHIME H, PETIT J, ODIEVRE M, LABRUNE P: Failure of cefotaxime treatment in two children with meningitis caused by highly penicillin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae. Ann. Pediatr. (1995) 84:831–833.
  • LONKS JR, DURKIN MR, MEYERHOFF AN, MEDEIROS AA: Meningitis due to ceftriaxone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl. j Med. (1995) 332:893–894.
  • BRADLEY JS, CONNOR JD: Ceftriaxonefailure in meningitis caused by Streptococcus prieumaniae with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Pediatr Infect. Dis. (1991) 10:871–873.
  • NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Ml 00-S5 5th informational supplement. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, Philadelphia, USA (1994).
  • VILADRICH PF, CABELLOS C, PALLARES R et al.: High doses of cefotaxime in treatment of adult meningitis due to Streptococcus prieumaniae with decreased susceptibilities to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1996) 40:218–220.
  • FRIEDLAND IR, KLUGMAN KP: Cerebrospinal fluid bactericidal activity against cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae in children with meningitis treated with high-dosage cefotaxime. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:1888–1891.
  • DOIT C, BARRE J, COHEN R, BONACORSI S, BOURRILLON A, BINGEN EH: Bactericidal activity against intermediately cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus prieumanaiae in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis treated with high doses of cefotaxime and vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41:2050–2052.
  • SPANGLER SK, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Susceptibilities of 177 penicillin-susceptible and-resistant pneumococci to FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, biapenem, meropenem and vancomycin. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1994) 38:898–900.
  • GERBER CM, COTTAGNOUD M, NEFTEL K, TAUBER MG, COTTAGNOUD P: Evaluation of cefepime alone and in combination with vancomycin against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model and in vitro. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000) 45:63–68.
  • MCCRACKEN GH JR, SAKATA Y: Antimicrobial therapy of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus prieumaniae strains with different susceptibilities to penicillin. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1985) 27:141–145.
  • WONG VK, WRIGHT HT JR, ROSS LA, MASON WH, INDERLIED CB, KIM KS: Imipenem/cilastatin treatment of bacterial meningitis in children. Pediatr Infect. Dis. J (1991) 10:122–125.
  • SCHMUTZHARD E, WILLIAMS KJ, VUKMIROVITS etal.: A randomised comparison of meropenem with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults. _J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1995) 36(Suppl. A): 85–97.
  • KLUGMAN KP, DAGAN R, THE MEROPENEM MENINGITIS STUDY GROUP: Randomized comparison of meropenem with cefotaxime for treatment of bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1995) 39:1140–1146.
  • JOHN CC, AOUAD G, BERMAN B, SCHREIBER JR: Successful meropenem treatment of multiply resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J (1997) 16:1009–1011.
  • FRIEDLAND IR, KLUGMAN KP: Failure of chloramphenicol therapy in penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Lancet. (1992) 339:405–408.
  • AHMED A, JAFRI H, LUTSAR I et al: Pharmacodynamics of vancomycin for the treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1999) 43:876–881.
  • BUZON LM, GUERRERO A, ROMERO J et al.: Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae meningitis successfully treated with vancomycin. Eur. I Clin. Microbial (1984) 3:442-443. Letter.
  • JACKSON MA, SHELTON S, NELSON JD, MCCRACKEN GH JR: Relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infection in pediatric patients. Pediatr Infect. Dis. (1984) 3:129–132.
  • VILADRICH PF, GUDIOL F, LINARES J et al.: Evaluation of vancomycin for therapy of adult pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1991) 35:2467–2472.
  • CABELLOS C, MARTINEZ-LACASA J,MARTOS A et al.: Influence of dexamethasone on efficacy of ceftriaxone and vancomycin therapy in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob Agents. Chemother. (1995) 39:2158–2160.
  • PARIS MM, HICKEY SM, USCHER MI, SHELTON S, OLSEN KD, McCRACKEN GH JR: Effect of dexamethasone on therapy of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1994) 38:1320–1324.
  • KLUGMAN KE FRIEDLAND IR, BRADLEY JS: Bactericidal activity against cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus prieumaniae in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute bacterial meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1995) 39:1988–1992.
  • NOVAK R, HENRIQUES B, CHARPENTIER E, NORMARK S, TUOMANEN E: Emergence of vancomycin tolerance in Streptococcus prieumaniae. Nature. (1999) 399:590–593.
  • NORMARK BH, NOVAK R, ORTQVIST A, KALLENIUS G, TUOMANEN E, NORMARK S: Clinical isolates of Streptococcus prieumartiae that exhibit tolerance of vancomycin. OM. Infect. Dis. (2001) 32:552–558.
  • McCULLERS JA, ENGLISH BK, NOVAKR: Isolation and characterization of vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus prieumaniae from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient who developed recrudescent meningitis. j Infect. Dis. (2000) 181:368–373.
  • HASBUN R, QUAGLIARELLO VJ: Use of the quinolones in treatment of bacterial meningitis. In: The Quinalones, 2nd edition. Andriole VT (Ed.), Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA (1998):287–301.
  • FRIEDLAND IR, PARIS M, EHRETT S, HICKEY S, OLSEN K, McCRACKEN GH JR.: Evaluation of antimicrobial regimens for treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1993) 37:1630–1636.
  • PARIS MM, HICKEY SM, TRUJILLO M, SHELTON S, MCCRACKEN GH JR: Evaluation of CP-99,219, a new fluoroquinolone, for treatment of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1995) 39:1243–1246.
  • KIM YS, LIU Q, CHOW LL, TAUBER MG: Trovafloxacin in treatment of rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1997) 41:1186–1189.
  • SCHMIDT H, DALHOFF A, STUERTZ K et al.: Moxifloxacin in the therapy of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1998) 42:1397–1401.
  • SMIRNOV A, WELLMER A, GERBER J,MAIER K, HENNE S, NAU R: Gemifloxacin is effective in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (2000) 44:767–770.
  • SHAPIRO MA, DONOVAN KD, GAGE JW: Comparative therapeutic efficacy of clinafloxacin in a pneumococcal meningitis mouse model. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000) 45:489–492.
  • MCCRACKEN GH JR: Pharmaco-dynamics of gatifloxacin in experimental models of pneumococcal meningitis. CM]. Infect. Dis. (2000) 31\(Suppl. 2):545–550.
  • FRIEDLAND IR, KLUGMAN KP: Antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease in South African children. Am. j Dis. Child. (1992) 146:920–923.
  • DHAWAN VK, THADEPALLI H: Clindamycin: a review of fifteen years of experience. Rev Infect. Dis. (1981) 4:1133–1153.
  • PARIS MM, SHELTON S, TRUJILLO M, HICKEY SM, MCCRACKEN GH JR: Clindamycin therapy of experimental meningitis caused by penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus prieumartiae. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. (1996) 40:122–126.
  • NEU HC, CHIN N, GU J: The in vitroactivity of new streptogramins, RP 59500, RP 57669 and RO 54476, alone and in combination. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (1992) 30:83–94.
  • PANKUCH GA, JACOBS MR, APPELBAUM PC: Study of comparative antipneumococcal activities of penicillin G, RP 59500, erythromycin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin by using time-kill methodology. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38:2065–2072.
  • TARASI A, DEVER LL, TOMASZ A: Activity of quinupristinidalfopristin against Streptococcus prieumartiae in vitro and in vivo in the rabbit model of experimental meningitis. _J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1997) 39(Suppl. A):121–127.
  • COTTAGNOUD P, GERBER CM, ACOSTA F, COTTAGNOUD M, NEFTEL K, TAUBER MG: Linezolid against penicillin-sensitive and -resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000) 46:981–985.
  • GERBER CM, COTTAGNOUD M, NEFTEL KA, TAUBER MG, COTTAGNOUD P: Meropenem alone and in combination with vancomycin in experimental meningitis caused by a penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strain. Europ. j Clin. Microbial Infect. Dis. (1999) 18:866–870.
  • COTTAGNOUD P, ACOSTA F, COTTAGNOUD M, NEFTEL K, TAUBER MG: Synergy between trovafloxacin and ceftriaxone against penicillin-resistant pneumococci in the rabbit meningitis model and in vitro. Antimicrob. Agents Chet-110111er. (2000) 44:2179–2181.
  • WAAGE A, HALSTENSEN A, SHALABY R, BRANDTZAEG P, KIERULF P, ESPEVIK T: Local production of tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6 in meningococcal meningitis: relation to the inflammatory response. Esp. Med. (1989) 170:1859–1867.
  • RAMILO 0, SAEZ-LLORENS X, MERTSOLA J et al.: Tumor necrosis factor a/cachectin and interleukin 113 initiate meningeal inflammation. I Exp. Med. (1990) 172:497–507.
  • SAUKKONEN K, SANDE S, CIOFFE C et al.: The role of cytokines in the generation of inflammation and tissue damage in experimental Gram-positive meningitis. j Exp. Med. (1990) 171:439–448.
  • TAUBER MG, KHAYAM-BASHI H, SANDE MA: Effects of ampicillin and corticosteroids on brain water content, cerebrospinal fluid pressure and cerebrospinal fluid lactate levels in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Infect. Dis. (1985) 151:528–534.
  • SYROGIANNOPOULUS GA, OLSEN KD, REISCH JS, McCRACKEN GH JR: Dexamethasone in the treatment of Haemophilus infinertme type B meningitis. Infect. Dis. (1987) 155:231-239. Erratum, J. Infect. Dis. (1987) 155:1359.
  • GEIMAN BJ, SMITH AL: Dexamethasoneand bacterial meningitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. West. j Med. (1992) 157:27-31. •Summary of the current data regarding the use of dexamethasone in bacterial meningitis.
  • KANRA GY, OZEN H, SECMEER G, CEYHAN M, ECEVIT Z, BELGIN E: Beneficial effects of dexamethasone in children with pneumococcal meningitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. j (1995) 14:490–494.
  • ARDITI M, MASON EO Jr, BRADLEY JS et al.: Three-year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics (1998) 102:1087–1097.
  • GIRGIS NI, FARID Z, MIKHAIL IA, FARRAG I, SULTAN Y, KILPATRICK ME: Dexamethasone treatment for bacterial meningitis in children and adults. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1989) 8:848–851.
  • ARONIN SI, QUAGLIARELLO VJ: New perspectives on pneumococcal meningitis. Hasp. Pratt (2001) 36:43–51.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.