49
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Salvage antiretroviral therapy in HIV infection

Pages 81-90 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

REFERENCES

  • PALELLA FJ JR, DELANEY KM, MOORMAN AC etal.: Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl. j. Med. (1998) 338(13):853–860. ••First report of decreasing morbidity andmortality in HIV.
  • MONTANER JS, HARRIS M, MO T, HARRIGAN PR: Rebound of plasma HIV viral load following prolonged suppression with combination therapy. AIDS (1998) 12(10:1398–1399.
  • BARTLETT J, DEMASI R, QUINN J, MOXHAM C, ROUSSEAU F: Meta-analysis of efficacy of triple combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infected adults. 711' Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Fransisco, California, USA (2000) MEDI519. •A meta-analysis summarising 21 therapeutic HIV clinical trials.
  • RODRIGUEZ-ROSADO R, JIMENEZ-NACHER I, SORIANO V, ANTON P, GONZALEZ-LAHOZ J: Virological failure and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. AIDS (1998) 12(9):1112–1113.
  • MOCROFT A, PHILLIPS AN, MILLER V et al.: EuroSIDA study group: the use of and response to second-line protease inhibitor regimens: results from the EuroSIDA study. AIDS (2001) 15(2)201–209.
  • PATERSON DL, SWINDELLS S, MOHR J et al.: Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann. Intern. Med. (2000) 133(1):21–30. **A key article demonstrating theimportance of compliance.
  • SORIANO V: Sequencing antiretroviral drugs. AIDS (2001) 15(5):547–551. **A detailed review of antiretroviralsequencing.
  • MONTANER JS, MO T, RABOUD JM et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons with mutations conferring resistance to zidovudine show reduced virologic responses to hydroxyurea and stavudine-lamivudine. j. Infect. Dis. (2000) 181(2):729–732.
  • HAVLIR DV, HELLMANN NS, PETROPOULOS CJ etal.: Drug susceptibility in HIV infection after viral rebound in patients receiving indinavir-containing regimens. JAMA (2000) 283(2):229–234.
  • GALLANT JE: Strategies for long-term success in the treatment of HIV infection. JAMA (2000) 283(10):1329–1334.
  • RABOUD JM, MONTANER JS, CONWAY B et al.: Suppression of plasma viral load below 20 copies/ml is required to achieve a long-term response to therapy. AIDS(1998) 12(13):1619–1624. •A retrospective evaluation revealing the importance of maximal viral suppression.
  • PIKETTY C, WEISS L, THOMAS F etal.: Long-term clinical outcome of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with discordant immunologic and virologic responses to a protease inhibitor-containing regimen. J. Infect. Dis. (2001) 183(9):1328–1335.
  • HARRIGAN PR, HERTOGS K, VERBIEST W etal.: Baseline HIV drug resistance profile predicts response to ritonavir-saquinavir protease inhibitor therapy in a community setting. AIDS (1999) 13(14):1863–1871.
  • DEEKS SG, HELLMANN NS, GRANT RM et al.: Novel four-drug salvage treatment regimens after failure of a human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 protease inhibitor-containing regimen: antiviral activity and correlation of baseline phenotypic drug susceptibility with virologic outcome. j. Infect. Dis. (1999) 179(6):1375–1381. •A analysis revealing the benefit of adding a new class in salvage therapy.
  • HAVLIR D: Adding two new drug classes improves outcome in salvage therapy. AIDS Chit. Care (2001) 13(10):99.
  • FEINBERG J, BRUN S, XU Y et al.: Durable suppression of HIV+ RNA after 2 years of therapy with ABT-378/ritonavir (ABT-378/r) treatment in single protease inhibitor experienced patients. AIDS (2000) 14\(Suppl. 4):546 MEDI101. •A Phase II trial revealing the success of LPV/r in salvage therapy.
  • HALL CS, RAINES CP, BARNETT SH, MOORE RD, GALLANT JE: Efficacy of salvage therapy containing ritonavir and saquinavir after failure of single protease inhibitor-containing regimens. AIDS (1999) 13(10):1207–1212.
  • TEBAS P, PATICK AK, KANE EM et al.: Virologic responses to a ritonavir- saqu-inavir-containing regimen in patients who had previously failed nelfinavir. AIDS (1999) 13(2):F23–28.
  • ZOLOPA AR, SHAFER RW, WARFORD A et al.: HIV-1 genotypic resistance patterns predict response to saquinavir-ritonavir therapy in patients in whom previous protease inhibitor therapy had failed. Ann. Intern. Med. (1999) 131(11):813–821. •A retrospective analysis supporting antiretroviral sequencing.
  • HAVLIR DV, GILBERT PB, BENNETT K et al. & ACTG 5025 STUDY GROUP: Effects of treatment intensification with hydroxyurea in HIV-infected patients with virologic suppression. AIDS (2001) 15(11):1379–1388.
  • KEMPF D, HSU A, JIANG P etal.: Response to ritonavir (RTV) intensification in indinavir (IDV) recipients is highly correlated with inhibitory quotient. 8th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (2001) MEDI523.
  • HIRSCH MS, BRUN-VEZINET F, D'AQUILA RT et al.: Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA Panel. JAMA (2000) 283(18):2417–2426. **The International AIDS Society guidelineon resistance testing.
  • RODRIGUEZ-ROSADO R, BRIONES C, SORIANO V: Introduction of HIV drug-resistance testing in clinical practice. AIDS (1999) 13(9):1007–1014.
  • HARRIGAN PR, COTE HC: Clinical utility of testing human immunodeficiency virus for drug resistance. Chit. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30 (Suppl. 2):5117–122.
  • IZOPET J, BICART-SEE A, PASQUIER C et al.: Mutations conferring resistance to zidovudine diminish the antiviral effect of stavudine plus didanosine. j Med. Viral. (1999) 59(4):507–511.
  • MARTINEZ-PICADO J, SAVARA AV, SUTTON L, D'AQUILA RT: Replicative fitness of protease inhibitor-resistant mutants of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1.1 Viral. (1999) 73(5):3744–3752.
  • ATKINSON B, ISAACSON J, KNOWLES M, MAZABEL E, PATICK AK: Correlation between human immunodeficiency virus genotypic resistance and virologic response in patients receiving nelfinavir monotherapy or nelfinavir with lamivudine and zidovudine. J. Infect. Dis. (2000) 182(2):420–427.
  • BRUN S, KEMPF D, BERNSTEIN B et al.: The pharmacologic barrier to resistance: differential patterns of viral evolution in protease inhibitor naive and experienced patients during viral rebound on Kaletra (Lopinavir/R) therapy. 8th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-infection. Athens, Greece (2001). •Analysis revealing no resistance to LPV/r.
  • NOBLES, GOA KL: Amprenavir: a review of its clinical potential in patients with HIV infection. Drugs (2000) 60(6):1383–1410.
  • BACHELER LT, ANTON ED, KUDISH P et al.: Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 mutations selected in patients failing efavirenz combination therapy. Aritimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44(9):2475–2484.
  • MACARTHUR RD, KOSMYNA JM, CRANE LR etal.: The presence or absence of zidovudine in a nevirapine-containing antiviral regimen determines which of two nevirapine-mutations occurs on virologic failure. 39th ICAAC San Francisco, California, USA (2000) MEDI1171.
  • BRIONES C, SORIANO V, DONA C, BARREIRO P, GONZALEZ-LAHOZ J: Can early failure with nevirapine be rescued with efavirenz?,./ AIDS (2000) 24(1):76–78.
  • WALMSLEY SL, KELLY DV, TSENG AL, HUMAR A, HARRIGAN PR: Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor failure impairs HIV-RNA responses to efavirenz-containing salvage antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (2001) 15(12):1581–1584.
  • DE MEND OZA C, SORIANO V, BRIONES C et al: Emergence of zidovudine resistance in HIV-infected patients receiving stavudine. J. AIDS (2000) 23(3):279–281.
  • WINTERS MA, SHAFER RW, JELLINGER RA, MAMTORA G, GINGERAS T, MERIGAN TC: Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 reverse transcriptase genotype and drug susceptibility changes in infected individuals receiving dideoxyinosine monotherapy for 1 to 2 years. Aritimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41(4):757–762.
  • GOUDSMIT J, MAARTEN B, DE RONDE A et al.: The power of viral genomics: the example of antiretroviral drug resistance of HIV-1. European Conference on Experimental AIDS Research. Madrid, Spain (2000) MEDI14.
  • LARDER BA, KEMP SD, HARRIGAN PR: Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT-3TC combination therapy. Science (1995) 269(5224):696–699.
  • KAUSHIK N, TALELE TT, PANDEY PK, HARRIS D, YADAV PN, PANDEY VN: Role of glutamine 151 of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase in substrate selection as assessed by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemistry (2000) 39 (11) :2912–2920.
  • MAS A, PARERA M, BRIONES C et al:Role of a dipeptide insertion between codons 69 and 70 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in the mechanism of AZT resistance. EMBO J. (2000) 19(21):5752–5761.
  • PIKETTY C, RACE E, CASTIEL P et al:Efficacy of a five-drug combination including ritonavir, saquinavir and efavirenz in patients who failed on a conventional triple-drug regimen: phenotypic resistance to protease inhibitors predicts outcome of therapy. AIDS (1999) 13(11):F71–77.
  • CLUMEK N, GIRARD PM, TELENTI A et al: ABT-378/ritonavir (ABT-378/r) and efavirenz: 16-week safety/efficacy evaluation in multiple PI experienced patients. XIII International AIDS Conference. Durban, South Africa. (2000) MEDITuPeB3196.
  • SMITH GHR, KLEIN M, LEBLANC R et al.: Salvage therapy for HIV-1 infection with lopinavir/ritonavir (LOP/PIT) saquinavir-SGC (SQR) and nucleoside analogues in patients having failed all three antiretroviral classes. 10th Canadian Conference on HIV/AIDS Research. Toronto, Canada (2001) MEDI212.
  • PEYTAVIN G, LAMOTTE C, DUVAL X et al.: Amprenavir (APV) plasma concentrations are dramatically decreased by association with ABT378/r in HIV-infected patients. 2'th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy Noordwijk, Netherlands (2001) MEDI1.14. •The first pharmacokinetic analysis revealing decreased amprenavir levels with LPV/r.
  • GRODESKY M, ACOSTA EP, FUJITA N,MASON S, GERBER JG: Combination therapy with indinavir, ritonavir and delavirdine and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in patients with HIV/AIDS who have failed multiple antiretroviral combinations. HIV CM]. Trials. (2001) 2(3):193–199.
  • ALBRECHT MA, BOSCH RJ, HAMMER SM et al. & AIDS CLINICAL TRIALS GROUP 364 STUDY TEAM: Nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both after the failure of nucleoside treatment of HIV infection. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345(6):398–407. ••A key randomised clinical trial on salvagetherapy.
  • MONTANER JS, HARRIGAN PR, JAHNKE N etal.: Multiple drug rescue therapy for HIV-infected individuals with prior virologic failure to multiple regimens. AIDS (2001) 15(1):61–69. •A cohort study on multi-drug rescue therapy.
  • MILLER V, COZZI-LEPRI A, HERTOGS K et al.: HIV drug susceptibility and treatment response to mega-HAART regimen in patients from the Frankfurt HIV cohort. Aritivir. Ther. (2000) 5(1):49–55.
  • HIRSCH MS, CONWAY B, D'AQUILA RT et al.: Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adults with HIV infection: implications for clinical management. International AIDS Society - USA Panel. JAMA (1998) 279(24):1984–1991.
  • SCHUURMAN R, DEMETER L, REICHELDERFER P et al.: Worldwide evaluation of DNA sequencing approaches for identification of drug resistance mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 reverse transcriptase. j Clin. Microbial (1999) 37(7):2291–2296.
  • DURANT J, CLEVENBERGH P, HALFON P et al.: Drug-resistance genotyping in HIV-1 therapy: the VIRADAPT randomised controlled trial. Lancet (1999) 353(9171):2195–2199. ••The first clinical trial revealing the benefitof resistance testing in salvage therapy.
  • BAXTER JD, MAYERS DL, WENTWORTH DN et al.: A randomized study of antiretroviral management based on plasma genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing in patients failing therapy. AIDS (2000) 14:F83–93.
  • TURAL C, RUIZ L, HOLTZER C etal.: The potential role of resistance decision support software with or without expert advice in a trial of HIV genotyping versus standard of care - the Havana Trial. 40th Interscierice Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada (2000) MEDIL–10.
  • DE LUCA A, ANTINORI A, CINGOLANI A etal.: A prospective, randomized study on the usefulness of genotypic resistance testing and the assessment of patient-reported adherence in unselected patients failing potent HIV therapy (ARGENTA): final 6-month results. 8th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (2001) MEDI433.
  • CALL SA, SAAG MS, WESTFALL AO et al.: Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing predicts long-term virologic suppression better than treatment history in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. j Infect. Dis. (2001) 183(3):401–408.
  • PARKIN NT, LIE YS, HELLMANN N et al.: Phenotypic changes in drug susceptibility associated with failure of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1) triple combination therapy. Infect. Dis. (1999) 180(3):865–870.
  • COHEN C, KESSLER H, HUNTS et al:Phenotypic resistance testing significantly improves response to therapy: final analysis of a randomized trial (VIRA3001). Anti vir Ther. (2000) 5 (Suppl. 3):67.
  • MELNICK D, ROSENTHAL J, CAMERON M et al: Impact of phenotypic antiretroviral drug resistance testing on the response to salvage antiretroviral therapy (ART) in heavily experienced patients. 7th C011felE17Ce 017 Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, California, USA (2000) MEDI786.
  • MEYNARD JL, VRAY M, MORAND-JOUBERT L et al.: Impact of treatment guided by phenotypic or genotypic resistance tests on the response to antiretroviral therapy: A randomized trial (NARVAL, ANRS 088). Antivir. Ther. (2000) 5 (Suppl. 3):67–68.
  • HAUBRICH R, KEISER P, KEMPER C et al.: CCTG 575: A randomized, prospective study of phenotype testing versus standard of care for patients failing antiretroviral therapy. 5th International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance & Treatment Strategies. Scottsdale, Arizona, USA (2001) MEDI80.
  • GRAHAM N, PEETERS M, VERBIEST W, HARRIGAN R, LARDER B: The virtual phenotype is an independent predictor of clinical response. 8th Conference 017 Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (2001) MEDI524.
  • CLEVENBERGH P, GARAFFO R, DURANT J, KIRSTETTER M, DAURES JP, DELLAMONICA P: PharmAdapt: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the usefulness of protease inhibitor drug monitoring: 12 weeks results. 2" International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy Noordwijk, The Netherlands (2001) MEDI6.1. •The first TDM study in salvage therapy.
  • BURGER DM, HUGEN PWH, DROSTE J, HUITEMAN ADR: Therapeutic drug monitoring of indinavir in treatment-naive patients improves therapeutic outcome after 1 year: results from Athena. 2nd International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy Noordwijk, The Netherlands (2001) MEDI6.2a. Abstract.
  • SQUIRES KE: An introduction to nucleoside and nucleotide analogues. Antivir: Ther. (2001) 6 (Suppl. 3):1–14.
  • POZNIAK AL, PLETTENBERG A, ROZENBAUM W et al.: Tenofovir DF: a 24-week interim analysis from a Phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in antiretroviral experienced patients. 8th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-Mfection. Athens, Greece (2001).
  • MILLER MD, MARGOT NA, SCHOOLEY R, MCGOWAN I: Baseline and week 48 final phenotypic analysis of HIV-1 from patients adding tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy to background ART. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (2001) MEDI441.
  • PANTALEO G, SANNE I, CAHN P et al: Atazanavir (BMS-232632): 48 week safety and efficacy vs. nelfinavir, each in combination with stavudine and lamivudine, in treatment-naive, HIV-positive subjects (AI424-008). 8' European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-infection. Athens, Greece (2001).
  • LALEZARI J, DRUCKER J, DEMAR R,HOPKINS S, SALGO M: A controlled Phase II trial assessing three doses of T-20 in combination with abacavir, amprenavir, low dose ritonavir and efavirenz in non-nucleoside naive protease inhibitor experienced HIV-1 infected adults. 8th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (2001) MEDILB5.
  • MILLER V, SABIN C, HERTOGS K et al.: Virological and immunological effects of treatment interruptions in HIV-1 infected patients with treatment failure. AIDS (2000) 14(18):2857–2867.
  • DEEKS SG, WRIN T, LIEGLER T et al.: Virologic and immunologic consequences of discontinuing combination antiretroviral-drug therapy in HIV-infected patients with detectable viremia. N Engl. Med. (2001) 344(7):472–480. •A randomised trial on treatment interruptions.
  • KATLAMA C, DOMINGUEZ S, DUVIVIER C et al & GIGHAART STUDY TEAM: France GIGHAART (ANRS097): a prospective randomised trial comparing the efficacy of a salvage regimen administered with or without treatment interruption in patients with severe biological failure & extensive prior therapy. 8th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-infection. Athens, Greece (2001).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.