Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy Volume 3, 2002 - Issue 6
Submit an article Journal homepage
38
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pharmacotherapy for male breast cancer

Teresa Hayes Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. [email protected]
Pages 701-708 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • JEMAL A, THOMAS A, MURRAY MT: Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. (2002) 52:23–47.
  • CSOKAY B, UDVARHELYI N, SULYOK Z et al.: BRCA2 mutations among Hungarian male breast cancer patients without family history. Cancer Res. (1999) 59(5):995–998.
  • EL-GAZAYERLI MM, ABDEL-AZIZ AS: On bilharziasis and male breast cancer in Egypt. Br: J. Cancer (1963) 17:556–571.
  • BHAGWANDIN SS: Carcinoma of the male breast in Zambia. East Afr. Med. J. (1972) 49:176–179.
  • SASCO AJ, LOWENFELS AB, PASKER-DE JONG P: Review article: epidemiology of male breast cancer. A meta-analysis of published case-control studies and discussion of selected aetiological factors. Int. J. Cancer(1993) 53:538–549.
  • ANDERSON WF, CHU KC, CHATTERJEE N, BRINTON LA: Male breast cancer (MBC) in the SEER database. Proc. Ann. Meet. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol (2001) 20:A1691.
  • DONEGAN WL, REDLICH PN: Breast cancer in men. Stag. Clin. N Am. (1996) 76: 343–358.
  • ENGLISH JC 3RD, MIDDLETON C, PATTERSON JW, SLINGLUFF CL: Cancer of the male breast. Int. J. Dermatol (2000) 39(12):881–886.
  • RAVANDI-KASHANI F, HAYES TG: Male breast cancer: a review of the literature. Eur. J. Cancer (1998) 34:1341–1347.
  • THOMAS DB: Breast cancer in men. Epidemiol. Rev (1993) 15(1):220–231.
  • NIRMUL D, PEGORARO RJ, JIALAL I, NAIDOO C, JOUBERT SM: The sex hormone profile of male patients with breast cancer. Br: J. Cancer (1983) 48(3):423–427.
  • SRINIVASAN G, SRINIVASAN U, GREIVER P: Male breast carcinoma following estrogen therapy: report of a case. J. Ky. Med. Assoc. (1979) 77(1):9–10,48.
  • SCHLAPPACK OK, BRAUN O, MATER U: Report of two cases of male breast cancer after prolonged estrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Detect. Prey. (1986) 9(3-4):319–22.
  • GANLY I, TAYLOR EW: Breast cancer in a trans-sexual man receiving hormone replacement therapy. Br. J. Stag. (1995) 82:341.
  • PRITCHARD TJ, PANKOWSKY DA, CROWE JP, ABDUL-KARIM FW: Breast cancer in a male-to-female transsexual - a case report. JAMA (1988) 259:2278–2280.
  • SYMMERS WC: Carcinoma of the breast in trans-sexual individuals after surgical and hormonal interference with the primary and secondary sex characteristics. Br. Med. J. (1968) 2:83–85.
  • HARNDEN DG, MACLEAN N, LANGLANDS AO: Carcinoma of the breast and Klinefelter's syndrome. J. Med. Genet. (1971) 8:460–461.
  • SCHEIKE O, VISFELDT J, PETERSEN B: Male breast cancer. III. Breast carcinoma in association with the Klinefelter syndrome. Acta Pathol. Microbic] Scand. A. (1973) 81:352–358.
  • HULTBORN R, HANSON C, KOPF I, VERBIENE I, WARNHAMMAR E, WEIMARCK A: Prevalence of Klinefelter's syndrome in male breast cancer patients. Anti-Cancer Res. (1997) 17(6D): 4293–4297.
  • COUCH FJ, FARID LM, DESHANO ML et al.: BRCA2 germline mutations in male breast cancer cases and breast cancer families. Nat. Genet. (1996) 13(1):123–125.
  • FRIEDMAN LS; GAYTHER SA; KUROSAKI T et al.: Mutation analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a male breast cancer population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1997) 60(2):313–319.
  • EASTON DF, STEELE L, FIELDS P et al: Cancer risks in two large breast cancer families linked to BRCA2 on chromosome 13q12-13. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1997) 61(1):120–128.
  • THORLACIUS S, SIGURDSSON S, BJARNADOTTIR H et al.: Study of a single BRCA2 mutation with high carrier frequency in a small population. Am. J. Hum. Genet. (1997) 60(5):1079–1084.
  • PRECHTEL D, WERENSKIOLD AK, PRECHTEL K, KELLER G, HOFLER H: Frequent loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 13q12-13 with BRCA2 markers in sporadic male breast cancer. Diagn. Mol. Pathol (1998) 7(1):57–62.
  • HARALDSSON K, LOMAN N, ZHANG QX, JOHANNSSON O, OLSSON H, BORG A: BRCA2 germ line mutations are frequent in male breast cancer patients without a family history of the disease. Cancer Res. (1998) 58(7):1367–1371.
  • GRIFFIN JF, WILSON JD: Disorders of the testes. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (13th edition). Isselbacher KJ et al., (Eds), McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, USA (1994):2006–2017.
  • ORTH DN, KOVACS WJ et a/.: The adrenal cortex. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology (9th edition). Wilson JD et al, (Eds), W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA (1998):517–664.
  • HEMSELL DL, GRODIN JM, BRENNER PF, SIITERI PK, MACDONALD PC: Plasma precursors of estrogen. II. Correlation of the extent of conversion of plasma androstenedione to estrone with age. J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (1974) 38:476–479.
  • SIMPSON ER: Role of aromatase in sex steroid action. J. Molec. Endocrinol (2000) 25:149–156.
  • KANHAI RC, HAGE JJ, VAN DIEST PJ,BLOEMENA E, MULDER JW: Short-term and long-term histologic effects of castration and estrogen treatment on breast tissue of 14 male-to-female transsexuals in comparison with two chemically castrated men. Am. J. Stag. Pathol (2000) 24(1):74–80.
  • HAMILTON A, VOLM M: Nonsteroidal and steroidal aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer. Oncology (2001) 15(8):965–972.
  • SASANO H, OZAKI M: Aromatase expression and its localization in human breast cancer. J. Steroid Biochem. Ma Biol. (1997) 61:293–298.
  • SASANO H, KIMURA M, SHIZAWA S, KIMURA N, NAGURA H: Aromatase and steroid receptors in gynecomastia and male breast carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. J. Clin. Endocrin. Metab. (1996) 81(8):3063–3067.
  • RAYS ON D, ERLICHMAN C, SUMAN VJ et al.: Molecular markers in male breast carcinoma. Cancer (1998) 83(9):1947–1955.
  • RUFF SJ, BAUER JE, KEENAN EJ, MOSELEY HS, FLETCHER WS: Hormone receptors in male breast carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. (1981) 18(1):55–59.
  • NOMURA Y, KONDO H, YAMAGATA J, TAKENAKA K: Detection of the estrogen receptor and response to endocrine therapy in male breast cancer patients. Gann (1977) 68(3):333–336.
  • EVERSON RB, LIPPMAN ME, THOMPSON EB et al: Clinical correlations of steroid receptors and male breast cancer. Cancer Res. (1980) 40(4):991–997.
  • GUPTA N, COHEN JL, ROSENBAUM C, RAAM S: Estrogen receptors in male breast cancer. Cancer (1980) 1546(8):1781–1784.
  • MERCER RJ, BRYAN PM, BENNETT RC: Hormone receptors in male breast cancer. Aust. NZ J. Stag. (1984) 54(3):215–218.
  • CALANDRA RS, CHARREAU EH, ROYER DE GIAROLI M, BALDI A: Incidence of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptors in human breast cancer. Frog Clin Biol. Res. (1984) 142:97–108.
  • MORIMOTO T, KOMAKI K, YAMAKAWA T et al: Cancer of the male breast.j Surg. Oncol (1990) 44(3):180–184.
  • DAVIS SL, BARSEF, MEOLI FG: Male breast carcinoma: clinical experience in a suburban community. I Am. Osteopath. Assoc. (1992) 92(8):1005–1006 and 1013–1016.
  • CUTULI B, LACROZE M, DILHUYDY JM et al.: Male breast cancer: results of the treatments and prognostic factors in 397 cases. Ear. Cancer(1995) 31A(12):1960–1964.
  • WILLIAMS WL JR, POWERS M, WAGMAN LD: Cancer of the male breast: a review.' Natl. Med. Assoc. (1996) 88(7):439–443.
  • WEBER-CHAPPUIS K, BIERI-BURGER S, HURLIMANN J: Comparison of prognostic markers detected by immunohistochemistry in male and female breast carcinomas. Ear. J. Cancer (1996) 32A(10):1686–1692.
  • MUNOZ DE TORO MM, MAFFINI MV, KASS L, LUQUE EH: Proliferative activity and steroid hormone receptor status in male breast carcinoma.' Steroid Biochem. Ma Biol. (1998) 67(4):333–339.
  • PICH A, MARGARIA E, CHIUSA L, CANDELARESI G, DAL CANTON O: Androgen receptor expression in male breast carcinoma: lack of clinicopathological association. Br. J. Cancer (1999) 79(5-6):959–964.
  • MEIJER-VAN GELDER ME, LOOK MP, BOLT-DE VRIES J, PETERS HA, KLIJN JGM, FOEKENS JA: Clinical relevance of biologic factors in male breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2001) 68(3):249–260.
  • DONEGAN WL, REDLICH PN, LANG PJ, GALL MT: Carcinoma of the breast in males: a multi-institutional survey. Cancer (1998) 83(3):498–509.
  • JOSHI MG, LEE AK, LODA M et al: Male breast carcinoma: an evaluation of prognostic factors contributing to a poorer outcome. Cancer (1996) 77(3):490–498.
  • SHPITZ B, BOMSTEIN Y, STERNBERG A et al: Angiogenesis, p53 and c-erbB-2 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological features in male breast cancer. .I. Surg. Oncol (2000) 75(4):252–257.
  • BINES J, GOSS B, HUSSONG J, CHMIEL J, YELDANDI AV, GRADISHAR WJ: c-erbB2 and p53 overexpression as predictors of survival in patients with male breast cancer (Meeting abstract). Proc. Ann. Meet. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol (1997) 16:A558.
  • EORTC RECEPTOR STUDY GROUP, ROMAIN S, LAINE. BIDRON C, MARTIN PM, MAGDELENAT H: Steroid receptor distribution in 47 892 breast cancers. A collaborative study of 7 European laboratories. Eur J. Cancer (1995) 31(3):411–417.
  • EL-TAMER MB, HIBSHOOSH H, TROXEL A et al.: Estrogen and progesterone receptors: comparison in age-matched men and women with breast cancer. Program and abstracts of the 23rd Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (6–9 December 2000) San Antonio, Texas. Abstract 550. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2000) 64:128.
  • HULTBORN R, FRIBERG S, HULTBORN KA, PETERSON LE, RAGNHULT I: Male breast carcinoma. II. A study of the total material reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry 1958–1967 with respect to treatment, prognostic factors and survival. Acta Oncol (1987) 26(5):327–341.
  • KRAYBILL WG, KAUFMAN R, KINNE D: Treatment of advanced male breast cancer. Cancer (1981) 47(9):2185–2189.
  • NEIFELD JP, MEYSKENS F, TORMEY DC, JAVADPOUR N: The role of orchiectomy in the management of advanced male breast cancer. Cancer (1976) 37(2):992–995.
  • TREVES N: The treatment of cancer, especially inoperable cancer of the male breast, by ablative surgery (orchidectomy, adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy) and hormone therapy (oestrogens and corticosteroids); an analysis of 42 patients. Cancer (1959) 12:820–832.
  • KANTARJIAN H, YAP H-Y, HORTOBAGYI G, BUZDAR A, BLUMENSCHEIN G: Hormonal therapy for metastatic male breast cancer. Arch. Intern. Med. (1983) 143: 237–240.
  • LOPEZ M, BARDUAGNI A: Cyproterone acetate in advanced male breast cancer. Cancer (1982) 49(1):9–11.
  • LABRIE F, DUPONT A, BELANGER A et al.: Complete response to combination therapy with an LHRH agonist and flutamide in metastatic male breast cancer: a case report. Clin. Invest. Med. (1990) 13(5): 275–278.
  • BORGEN PI: Male breast cancer. Semin. Stag. Oncol (1991) 7(5):314–319.
  • DOBERAUER C, NIEDERLE N, SCHMIDT CG: Advanced male breast cancer treatment with the LH-RH analogue buserelin alone or in combination with the antiandrogen flutamide. Cancer (1988) 62(3): 474–478.
  • VOROBIOF DA, FALKSON G: Nasally administered buserelin inducing complete remission of lung metastases in male breast cancer. Cancer (1987) 59(4):688–689.
  • KENNEDY BJ, KIANG DT: Hypophysectomy in the treatment of advanced cancer of the male breast. Cancer (1972) 29(6):1606–1612.
  • LOPEZ M, DI LAURO L, LAZZARO B, PAPALDO P: Hormonal treatment of disseminated male breast cancer. Oncology (1985) 42(6):345–349.
  • HARRIS AL, DOWSETT M, STUART-HARRIS R, SMITH IE: Role of aminoglutethimide in male breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer (1986) 54(4):657–660.
  • FELDMAN LD: Ketoconazole for male metastatic breast cancer. Ann. Intern. Med. (1986) 104(1):123–124.
  • LI M, JANELLI DE, KELLY EJ, KASHIWABARA H, KIM RH: Metastatic carcinoma of the male breast treated with bilateral adrenalectomy and chemotherapy. Cancer (1970) 25:678–681.
  • PATEL JK, NEMOTO T, DAO TL: Metastatic breast cancer in males. Assessment of endocrine therapy. Cancer (1984) 53(6):1344–1346.
  • RIBEIRO GG: The results of diethylstilboestrol therapy for recurrent and metastatic carcinoma of the male breast. Br. J. Cancer (1976) 33(4):465–467.
  • PANNUTI F, MARTONI A, BUSUTTI L, GRAMELLINI M, PIANA E: High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced male breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Rep. (1982) 66(9):1763–1765.
  • MITSUYASU R, BONOMI P, ANDERSON K, FISCHER W JR: Response to megestrol in male breast carcinoma. Arch. Intern. Med. (1981) 141:809–810.
  • CRICHLOW RW, GALT SW: Male breast cancer. Surg. Clin. North Am. (1990) 70(5):1165–1177.
  • HORTOBAGYI GN, DISTEFANO A, LEGHA SS, BUZDAR AU, BLUMENSCHEIN GR: Hormonal therapy with tamoxifen in male breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Rep. (1979) 63(4):539–541.
  • CANT WELL BM, TONG D, MINTON M, RUBENS RD, HAYWARD JL: Tamoxifen and male breast cancer. Lancet (1978) 2(8089):582–583.
  • AISNER J, ROSS DD, WIERNIK PH: Tamoxifen in advanced male breast cancer. Arch. Intern. Med. (1979) 139(4):480–481.
  • PATTERSON JS, BATTERSBY LA, BACH BK: Use of tamoxifen in advanced male breast cancer. Cancer Treat. Rep. (1980) 64(6-7):801–804.
  • HILLIARD DA, WILBUR DW, CAMACHO ES: Tamoxifen response following no response to orchiectomy in metastatic male breast cancer: a case report. Surg. Oncol (1984) 25(1):42–43.
  • TATEISHI M, TODA T, MINAMISONO Y, NAGASAKI S, SUGIMACHI K: A 94 year old male stage IV breast cancer patient showing complete remission under tamoxifen treatment after operation.' Surg. Oncol (1992) 51(1):71–73.
  • VAN RIJSWIJK RE, VAN OOSTENBRUGGE RJ, TWIJNSTRA A: A case of brain metastases from male breast cancer responding to tamoxifen. Ear: J. Cancer (1997) 33(13):2282–2283.
  • KANOH T, IINO Y, HORIGUCHI J et al.: A case report of advanced male breast cancer with an objective response to tamoxifen treatment. Breast Cancer (2000) 7(3)256–260.
  • RIBEIRO G, SWINDELL R: Adjuvant tamoxifen for male breast cancer (MBC). Br. Cancer (1992) 65(2):252–254.
  • ANELLI TF; ANELLI A; TRAN KN; LEBWOHL DE; BORGEN PI: Tamoxifen administration is associated with a high rate of treatment-limiting symptoms in male breast cancer patients. Cancer (1994) 74(1):74–77.
  • KNOCHE AJ, MICHAUD LB, BUZDAR AU: Efficacy of anastrozole in a consecutive series of advanced breast cancer patients treated with multiple prior chemotherapies and endocrine agents: M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Breast (1999) 5(3):176–181.
  • LONNING PE, GEISLER J, DOWSETT M: Pharmacological and clinical profile of anastrozole. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (1998) 49:53-57 and 73–77.
  • MAURAS N, O'BRIEN KO, KLEIN KO, HAYES V: Oestrogen suppression in males: metabolic effects. J Clin. Endocrinol Metab (2000) 85(7):2370–2377.
  • HORNY, ROOF B: Male breast cancer: two cases with objective regression from calusterone (7a, 173-dimethyltestosterone) after failure of orchiectomy. Oncology (1976) 33: 188–191.
  • JAIYESIMI IA, BUZDAR AU, SAHIN AA, ROSS MA: Carcinoma of the male breast. Ann. Intern. Med. (1992) 117:771–777.
  • YAP HY, TASHIMA CK, BLUMENSCHEIN GR, HORTOBAGYI GN, ECKLES N: Chemotherapy for advanced male breast cancer. JAMA (1980) 243(17):1739–1741.
  • RIVERA E, HOLMES FA, FRYE D et al: Phase II study of paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma refractory to standard chemotherapy. Cancer (2000) 89(11):2195–2201.
  • ALEXANDRE J, BLEUZEN P, BONNETERRE J et al.: Factors predicting for efficacy and safety of docetaxel in a compassionate-use cohort of 825 heavily pretreated advanced breast cancer patients. J Clin. Oncol (2000) 18(3):562–573.
  • LOPEZ M, DI LAURO L, PAPALDO P, LAZZARO B: Chemotherapy in metastatic male breast cancer. Oncology (1985) 42(4):205–209.
  • TRANUM BL, MCDONALD B, THIGPEN T et al.: Adriamycin combinations in advanced breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer (1982) 49(5): 835–839.
  • MISSET JL, DIERAS V, GRUIA G et al.: Dose-finding study of docetaxel and doxorubicin in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Ann. Oncol (1999) 10(5): 553–560.
  • BUZDAR AU, KAU SW, SMITH TL et al.: Ten-year results of FAC adjuvant chemotherapy trial in breast cancer. Am. Clin. Oncol (1989) 12(2):123–128.
  • TORMEY DC, GELMAN R, BAND PR et al.: Comparison of induction chemotherapies for metastatic breast cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trial. Cancer (1982) 50(7): 1235–1244.
  • JASSEM J, PIENKOWSKI T, PLUZANSKA A et al.: Doxorubicin and paclitaxel versus fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide as first-line therapy for women with metastatic breast cancer: final results of a randomized Phase III multicenter trial. J. Clin. Oncol (2001) 19(6): 1707–1715.
  • SANDLER B, CARMAN C, PERRY RR: Cancer of the male breast. Am. Surg. (1994) 60(11): 816–820.
  • RUDLOWSKI C, PATH W, BECKER AJ, WIESTLER OD, BUTTNER R: Trastuzumab and breast cancer. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345(13):997–998.
  • EARLY BREAST CANCER TRIALISTS' COLLABORATIVE GROUP: Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet (1998) 351(9114):1451–1467.
  • BAGLEY CS, WESLEY MN, YOUNG RC, LIPPMAN ME: Adjuvant chemo-therapy in males with cancer of the breast. Am. Clin. Oncol (1987) 10(1):55–60.
  • PATEL HZ 2ND, BUZDAR AU, HORTOBAGYI GN: Role of adjuvant chemotherapy in male breast cancer. Cancer (1989) 64(8): 1583–1585.
  • MARGARIA E, CHIUSA L, FERRARI L, DAL CANTON O, PICH A: Therapy and survival in male breast carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases. Oncol Rep. (2000) 7(5):1035–1039.
  • VINOD SK, PENDLEBURY SC: Carcinoma of the male breast: a review of adjuvant therapy. Australas. Radial. (1999) 43(1):69–72.
  • RAGAZ J, JACKSON SM, LE N et al.: Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in node-positive premenopausal women with breast cancer. N Engl. Med. (1997) 337(14): 956–962.
  • OVERGAARD M, HANSEN PS, OVERGAARD J et al.: Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl. I Med. (1997) 337(14): 949–955.
  • FOWBLE B, GRAY R, GILCHRIST K et al.: Identification of a subgroup of patients with breast cancer and histologically positive axillary nodes receiving adjuvant chemotherapy who may benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. " Clin. Oncul (1988) 6(7):1107–1117.
  • HOWELL A, OSBORNE CK, ROBERTSON JFR et al.: ICI 182,780 (FaslodexTm) for the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women - prospective combined analysis of two multicenter trials. Eur. Cancer(2001) 37\(Suppl. 6):151 Abstract 550.
  • HELLER KS, ROSEN PP, SCHOTTENFELD D, ASHIKARI R, KINNE DW: Male breast cancer: a clinicopathologic study of 97 cases. Ann. Surg. (1978) 188(1): 60–65.
  • CIATTO S, IOSSA A, BONARDI R, PACINI P: Male breast carcinoma: review of a multicenter series of 150 cases. coordinating Center and Writing Committee of FONCAM (National Task Force for Breast Cancer), Italy. Tumuri (1990) 76(6):555–558.
  • SALVADORI B, SACCOZZI R, MANZARI A et al: Prognosis of breast cancer in males: an analysis of 170 cases. Eur. Cancer(1994) 30A(7):930–935.
  • RUDAN I, RUDAN N, BASIC N, BASIC V, RUDAN D, JAMBRISAK Z: Differences between male and female breast cancer. III. Prognostic features. Acta Med. Cruatica (1997) 51(3):135–141.
  • YILDIRIM E, BERBEROGLU U: Male breast cancer: a 22-year experience. Eur. Surg. Once]. (1998) 24(6):548–552.
  • LANGLANDS AO, MACLEAN N, KERR GR: Carcinoma of the male breast: report of a series of 88 cases. Clin. Radial. (1976) 27(1):21–25.
  • ERLICHMAN C, MURPHY KC, ELHAKIM T: Male breast cancer: a 13-year review of 89 patients.' Clin. Once]. (1984) 2 (8) :903–909.
  • GUINEE VF, OLSSON H, MOLLER T et al.: The prognosis of breast cancer in males. A report of 335 cases. Cancer (1993) 71(1):154–161.
  • STOGER H, BAUERNHOFER T, MOSER R et al.: Breast cancer in the man: a report of 30 patients. Wien. KIM. Wochenschr: (1994) 106(18):575–580. (Article in German)
  • WILLSHER PC, LEACH IH, ELLIS IC), BOURKE JB, BLAMEY RW, ROBERTSON JF: A comparison outcome of male breast cancer with female breast cancer. Am. J. Surg. (1997) 173(3):185–188.
  • BORGEN PI, SENIE RT, MCKINNON WM, ROSEN PP: Carcinoma of the male breast: analysis of prognosis compared with matched female patients. Ann. Surg. Once]. (1997) 4(5):385–388.
  • CARMALT HL, MANN LJ, KENNEDY CW, FLETCHER JM, GILLETT DJ: Carcinoma of the male breast: a review and recommendations for management. Aust. NZ J. Surg. (1998) 68(10):712–715.
  • VETTO J, JUN SY, PADUCH D, EPPICH H, SHIH R, PADDUCH D: Stages at presentation, prognostic factors and outcome of breast cancer in males. Am. Surg. (1999) 177(5):379–383.
  • GOSS PE, REID C, PINTILIE M, LIM R, MILLER N: Male breast carcinoma: a review of 229 patients who presented to the Princess Margaret Hospital during 40 years: 1955-1996. Cancer (1999) 85(3):629–639.
  • HERMAN K, LOBAZIEWICZ W, SKOTNICKI P, FORTUNA J, KUSY T, LESNIAK T: Male breast cancer. Does the prognosis differ compared to female? Neoplasma (2000) 47(3):191–195.
  • VAN GEEL AN, VAN SLOOTEN EA, MAVRUNAC M, HART AA: A retrospective study of male breast cancer in Holland. Br.j Surg. (1985) 72(9):724–727.
  • ANDRE S, FONSECA I, PINTO A, CARD OSO P, PEREIRA T, SOARES J: Male breast cance - a reappraisal of clinical and biologic indicators of prognosis. Acta Once]. (2001) 40(4):472–478.
  • RUDAN I, RUDAN N, BASIC N, BASIC V, RUDAN D: Differences between male and female breast cancer. II. Clinicopathologic features. Acta Med. Cruatica (1997) 51(3):129–133.
  • CLARK JL, NGUYEN PL, JASZCZ WB, JATOI A, NIEHANS GA: Prognostic variables in male breast cancer. Am. Surg. (2000) 66(5):502–511.

Websites

  • www.cancer.govicancer_information/ doc_pdq.aspx?version = provider&viewid = 53d97cba-89a2-45d4-655d-b7b5ad7dc2dd. Breast Cancer (PDQ8): treatment.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.