20
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Cytokine therapy or structured treatment interruptions in HIV infection: which is best?

Pages 719-726 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • AUTRAN B, CARCELIN G, LI TS et al: Positive effects of combined antiretroviral therapy on CD4+ T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease. Science (1997) 277:112–116.
  • ••The effect of HAART on immunefunction.
  • PALELLA FJ JR DELANEY KM, MOORMAN AC et al.: Declining morbidity among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus. HIV Out-patient Study Investigators. N Engl. J. Med. (1998) 338(13):853–860.
  • PERELSON AS, NEUMANN AU, MARKOWITZ M, LEONARD JM, HO DD: HIV-1 dynamics in vivo virion clearance rate, infected cell lifespan and viral generation time. Science (1996) 271(5255):1582–1586.
  • FINZI D, BLANKSON J, SILICIANO JD et al.: Latent infection of CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistance of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nat. Med. (1999) 5(5):512–517.
  • •Continuous HAART cannot eradicate HIV.
  • CARR A, SAMARAS K, CHISHOLM DJ, COOPER DA et al: Pathogenesis of HIV-1 protease-associated peripheral lipodystro-phy, hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance. Lancet (1998) 351(9119):1881–1883.
  • DURAN S, SAVES M, SPIRE B et al: Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the role of lipodystrophy. AIDS (2001) 15: 2441–2444.
  • LEDERBERGER B, EGGER M, OPRAVIL M et al.: Clinical progression and virological failure on highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 patients: a prospective cohort study. Lancet (1999) 353:863–868.
  • ROOK AH, MASUR H, LANE HC et al: Interleukine-2 enhances the depressed natural killer and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic activities of lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Clin. Invest. (1983) 72(1):398–403.
  • HEFENEIDER SH, CONLON PJ, HENNEY CS AND GILLIS S: In vivo interleukine-2 administration augments the generation of alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes and resident natural killer cells. Immune]. (1983) 130(1):222–227.
  • SMITH KA: Interleukine-2: inception, impact and implications. Science (1988) 240(4856):1169–1176.
  • ••First characterisation of IL-2.
  • HARTSHORN KL, NEUMEYER D, VOGT MW, SCHOOLEY RT, HIRSCH MS: Activity of interferons alpha, beta and gamma against human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro. AIDS Res. Hum. Removiruses (1987) 3:125–133.
  • GENDELMAN HE, BACA LM, TURPIN J et al.: Regulation of HIV replication in infected monocytes by interferon-alpha. Mechanisms for viral restriction. Immune]. (1990) 145:2669–2676.
  • LISZIEWICZ J, ROSENBERG E, LIEBERMAN J et al.: Control of HIV despite the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. N EngL J. Med. (1999) 340:1683–1684.
  • KOVACS JA, VOGEL S, ALBERT JM et al.: Controlled trial of interleukine-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl. J. Med. (1996) 335:1350–1356.
  • ••First randomised trial of IL-2 therapy inHIV patients.
  • KOVACS JA, BASELER M, DEWAR RJ et al.: Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with immunodeficiency virus infection. A preliminary study. N Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332(9):567–575.
  • DAVEY RT JR CHAITT DG, ALBERT JM et al: A randomized trial of high- versus low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 out-patient therapy for early human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. .1. Infect. Dis. (1999) 179:849–858.
  • ABRAMS DI, BEBCHUK JD, DENNING ET, MARKOWITZ NP: IL-2 therapy produces no change in HIV RNA after one year. Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Ontario, Canada (17–20 September 2000). Abstract L–11.
  • ARNO A, RUIZ L, JUAN M et al: Efficacyof low dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 to treat advanced human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 in persons with 250/microL CD4 T cells and undetectable plasma viral load. Infect. Dis. (1999) 180:56–60.
  • CARR A, EMERY S, LOYD A et al.: Out-patient continuous intravenous interleukin-2 or subcutaneous, polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study. J. Infect. Dis. (1998) 178:992–999.
  • DAVEY RT JR, MURPHY RL, GRAZIANO FM et al.: Immunologic and virologic effects of subcutaneous inter-leukin-2 in combination with antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2000) 284:183–189.
  • HENGGE UR, GOOS M, ESSER S et al: Randomized, controlled Phase II trial of subcutaneous interleukin-2 in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV patients. AIDS (1998) 12:F225–F234.
  • LEVY Y, CAPITANT C, HOUHOU S et al.: Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous interleukine-2 in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection: a randomized controlled trial. ANRS 048 study group. Lancet (1999) 353:1923–1929.
  • •Effects of IL-2 on recall antigens.
  • LEVY Y, CAPITANT C, LASCAUX AS et al.: Effect of subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 therapy combined with HAART in HIV-infected patients. Results of the ANRS 079 randomized trial. 8th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (4–8 February 2001). Abstract 344.
  • LOSSO MH, BELLOSO WH, EMERY S et al.: A randomized, controlled Phase II trial comparing escalating doses of subcutaneous interleukin-2 plus antiretroviral versus antiretroviral alone in human immunodeficiency-virus infected patients with 350/mm3. I. Infect. Dis. (2000) 181:1614–1621.
  • MITZUYASU R: Prospective, randomized, controlled Phase II study of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with continuous IV (CIV) or subcutaneous (SC) interleukin-2 (IL-2) in HIV-infected patients with CD4+ counts of 50–350 cells/ mm3: ACTG-328 - final results at 84 weeks. 8th Conference on Removiruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (4–8 February 2001). Abstract 17.
  • SARAVOLATZ L, MITZUYASU R, SNELLER M et al.: Duration of proleukin IL-2 therapy is more important than total dose in achieving CD4 expension. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy New Orleans, Louisiana, USA (September 1996). Abstract I–149.
  • DURIER C, EMILIE D, ESTAQUIERJ et al.: Effects of subcutaneous (SC) IL-2 combined with HAART on immunological restoration in HIV-infected patients. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (4–8 February 2001). Abstract 345.
  • ORHOLM M, PEDERSEN C, MATHIESEN L, DOWD P, NIELSEN JO: Suppression of the p24 antigen in serum from HIV-infected individuals with low dose alpha-interferon and zidovudine: a pilot study. AIDS (1989) 3(2):97–100.
  • FERNANDEZ-CRUZ E, LANG JM, FRISSEN J et al.: Zidovudine plus interferon alpha versus zidovudine alone in HIV-infected symptomatic or asymptomatic persons with CD4+ cell counts 150x10 (6)/L: results of the Zidon trial. Zidon study group. AIDS (1995) 9(9):1025–1035.
  • LANDAU A, BATISSE D, PIKETTY C AND KAZATCHKINE MD: Effect of interferon and ribavirin on HIV viral load. AIDS (2000) 14(1):96–97.
  • FRISSEN PH, VAN DER ENDE ME, TEN NAPEL CH et al: Zidovudine and interferon-alpha combination therapy versus zidovudine monotherapy in subjects with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 infection.' Infect. Dis. (1994) 169(6):1351–1355.
  • ••First report of a randomised trial of theantiviral efficacy of LEN-a.
  • REYNES J, ROUZIER-PANIS R, LAUGHLIN M, BAILLAT V, KANOUNI T, GARAUD JJ: Antiretroviral activity and tolerability of PEG-Interferon-a-2b in patients on stable background therapy: results of phase I/II study. 7th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, California, USA (30 January-2 February 2000). Abstract 542.
  • •Antiviral efficacy of PEG-IFN.
  • RODRIGUEZ A, MOLINA J, SANDS M et al: Virologic and immunologic impact of pegylated interferon alpha 2B in HIV-infected patients. 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Chicago, Illinois, USA (19–22 December 2001). Abstract 1–1938.
  • ••Antiviral efficacy of PEG-IFN in arandomised controlled trial.
  • EMILIE D, BURGARD M, LASCOUX-COMBE C et al: Early control of HIV replication in primary HIV-1 infection treated with antiretroviral drugs and pegylated IFN alpha results from Primoferon A (ANRS 086) Study. AIDS (2001) 15(11):1435–1437.
  • ROSENBERG ES, ALTFELD M, POON SH et al.: Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature (2000) 407:523–526.
  • HOEN B, BURARD M, FOURNIER let al.: Structured treatment interruptions (STI) in acute seroconverters: interim results of the multicenter prospective PRIMSTOP pilot trial (ANRS 100). 9th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, Washington, USA (24–28 February 2002). Abstract 530.
  • YU X, ADDO MM, FITZPATRICK C et al.: Sequential broadening of HIV-1 specific CTL responses during supervised treatment interruption in treated acute infection. 9th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, Washington, USA (24–28 February 2002). Abstract 537.
  • MIRO J, PLANA M, ORTIZ GM et a/.: Structured treatment interruptions (STI) in patients receiving HAART since primary HIV-1 infection (PHI): spontaneous control of viremia in about one third of cases after 3 cycles off therapy. 9th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, Washington, USA (24–28 February 2002). Abstract 529.
  • FAGARD C, LEBRAZ M, GUNTHARD H et al.: SSITT: a prospective trial of strategic treatment interruption in 128 patients. 8th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, Illinois, USA (4–8 February 2001). Abstract 357.
  • RUIZ L, MARTINEZ-PICADO J, ROMEU J et al.: Structured treatment interruption in chronically HIV-1 infected patients after long-term viral suppression. AIDS(2000) .14:397–403.
  • RUIZ L, CARCELAIN G, MARTINEZ-PICADO J et al.: HIV dynamics and T cell immunity after three structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS(2001) 15:F19–F27.
  • GARCIA F, MONTSERRAT P, ORTIZ GM et al.: The virological and immunological consequences of structured treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection. AIDS (2001) 15:F29–F40.
  • ORTIZ GM, WELLONS M, BRAN-CATO J et al.: Structured antiretroviral treatment interruptions in chronically HIV-1 infected subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98(23):13288–13293.
  • •Evaluation of side effects in STI in CHI.
  • HIRSCHEL B, FAGARD C, OXENIUS A, GUNTHARD H, GARCIA F for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study: SSITT: a prospective trial of treatment interruptions in HIV infection. 9th Conference on Retro viruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle, Washington, USA (24–28 February 2002). Abstract 528.
  • BONHOEFFER S, REMBISZEWSKI M, ORTIZ GM, NIXON DF: Risks and benefits of structured antiretroviral drug therapy interruption in HIV-1 infection. AIDS (2000) 14:2313–22.
  • DORMAN KS, KAPLAN AH, LANGE K, SINSHEIMER JS: Mutation takes no vacation: can structured interruptions increase the risk of drug-resistant HIV-1? AIDS (2000) 25:398–402.
  • MARTINEZ-PICADO J, MORALES-LOPETEGI K, WRIN T et al: Selection of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants in response to repeated structured treatment interruptions. AIDS (2002) 16:895–899.
  • ••Demonstration of STI-induced M184Vresistance.
  • DYBUL M, CHUN TW, YODER C et al: Short-cycle structured intermittent treatment of chronic HIV infection with highly active antiretroviral therapy: effects on virologic, immunologic and toxicity parameters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:15161–15166.
  • •First results of short-cycle HAART.
  • PERRIN L, TELENTI A: HIV treatment failure: testing for HIV resistance in clinical practice. Science (1998) 280:1871–1873.
  • PICKETTY C, CASTIEL P, BELEC L et al.: Discrepant responses to triple combination antiretroviral therapy in advanced HIV disease. AIDS (1998) 12:745–745.
  • BARREIRO PM, DONA MC, CASTILLA J, SORIANO J: Patterns of response (CD4 cell count and viral load) at 6 months in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (1999) 13:525–526.
  • DAVID D, NATT-IGHIL L, DUPONT B, MARAL J, GACHOT B: Rapid effect of interleulkin-2 therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients whose CD4 cell counts increase only slightly in response to combined antiretroviral treatment. I Infect. Dis. (2001) 183:730–735.
  • ••Effect of IL-2 in patients with CD4+200 cells/mm3.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.