168
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Otitis media

&
Pages 1073-1090 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • FADEN H, DUFFY L, BOEVE M: Otitis media: back to basics. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1998) 17:1105–1113.
  • LAXDAL OE, MERIDA J, JONES RH: Treatment of acute otitis media: a controlled study of 142 children. Can. Med. Assoc. (1970) 102(3):263–268.
  • KALEIDA PH, CASSELBRANT ML, ROCKETTE HE et al: Amoxicillin or myringotomy or both for acute otitis media: results of a randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics (1991) 87(4):466–474.
  • BLOCK SL, HARRISON CJ, HEDRICK JA, TYLER RD, SMITH RA, KEEGAN E et al.: Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media: risk factors, susceptibility patterns and antimicrobial management. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1995) 14:751–759.
  • AGENCY FOR HEALTH CARE POLICY AND RESEARCH: Final evidence report: management of otitis media. US Department of Health and Human Services (2001).
  • COHEN R, DE LA ROCQUE F, BOUCHERAT M, DOIT C, BINGEN E, GESLIN P: Treatment failure in otitis media: an analysis. Chemother. (1994) 6\(Suppl. 4):17–22. Discussion. Chemother. (1994) 6\(Suppl. 4):23–24.
  • PICHICHERO ME, PICHICHERO CL: Persistent acute otitis media: II. Antimicrobial treatment. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. .1(1995) 14(3):183–188.
  • GEHANNO P, N'GUYEN L, DERRIENNIC M, PICHON F, GOEHRS JM, BERCHE P: Pathogens isolated during treatment failures in otitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1998) 17(10):885–890.
  • HALSTED C, LEPOW M, BALASSANIAN N et al.: Otitis media. Clinical observations, microbiology, and evaluation of therapy. Am. Dis. Child. (1968) 115:542–551.
  • ROSENFELD RM, VERTREES JE, CARR J et al: Clinical efficacy of antimicrobial drugs for acute otitis media: meta-analysis of 5400 children from thirty-three randomized trials. Pediatr. (1994) 124(3):355–367.
  • VAN BUCHEM F, PEETERS M, VAN'T HOF M: Acute otitis media; a new treatment strategy. Br. Med. (1985) 290:1033–1037.
  • BURKE P, BAIN J, ROBINSON D, DUNLEAVEY J: Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of non-antibiotic treatment in general practice. Br. Med. (1991) 303 (6802) :558–562.
  • DEL MAR C, GLASZIOU P, HAYEM M: Are antibiotics indicated as initial treatment for children with acute otitis media? A meta-analysis. Br. Med. .1. (1997) 314(7093):1526–1529.
  • ROSENFELD RM: Natural history of untreated otitis media. In: Evidence-Based Otitis Media. Rosenfeld RM, Bluestone CD (Eds), Decker Inc., St. Louis, USA (1999):157–177.
  • HOWIE VM, PLOUSSARD JH: Efficacy of fixed combination antibiotics versus separate components in otitis media. Effectiveness of erythromycin estrolate, triple sulfonamide, ampicillin, erythromycin estolate-triple sulfonamide, and placebo in 280 patients with acute otitis media under two and one-half years of age. Clio. Pediatr. (Phil) (1972) 11(4):205–214.
  • VAN BUCHEM FL, DUNK JH, VAN'T HOF MA: Therapy of acute otitis media: myringotomy, antibiotics, or neither? A double blind study in children. Lancet (1981) 2(8252):883–887.
  • APPELMAN CL, CLAESSEN JQ, TOUW-OTTEN FW, HORDIJK GJ, DE MELKER RA: Co-amoxiclav in recurrent acute otitis media: placebo controlled study. Br. Med. J. (1991) 303(6815):1450–1452.
  • MYGIND N, MEISTRUP-LARSEN KI, THOMSEN J, THOMSEN VF, JOSEFSSON K, SORENSEN H: Penicillin in acute otitis media: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clio. Otolaryngol (1981) 6:5–13.
  • TILYARD MW, GURR E, DOVEY SM, WALKER SA: Otitis media treatment in New Zealand general practice. NZ Med. (1997) 110:143–145.
  • DAMOISEAUX RAM, VAN BALEN FAM, HOES AW, VERHEIJ JM, DEMELKER RA: Primary care based randomized, double blind trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for acute otitis media in children aged under 2 years. Br. Med. (2000) 320:350–354.
  • FROOM J, CULPEPPER L, GROB Petal.: Diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media: report from International Primary Care Network. Br. Med. J. (1990) 300(6724):582–586.
  • PICHICHERO ME: Recurrent and persistent otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (2000) 19(9):911–916.
  • PICHICHERO ME, MCLINN S, ARONOVITZ G et al.: Cefprozil treatment of persistent and recurrent acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1997) 16(5):471–478.
  • HOBERMAN A, PARADISE JL, REYNOLDS EA et al Efficacy of auralgan for treating ear pain in children with acute otitis media. Arch. Pediatr. Ado]. Med. (1997) 151(7):175–178.
  • RUOHOLA A, HEIKKINEN T, WARTS M, PUHAKKA T, RUUSKANEN O: Intranasal fluticasone propionate does not prevent acute otitis media during viral upper respiratory infection in children. Allergy Gin. Immunol (2000) 106(3):467–471.
  • MANDEL EM, ROCKETTE HE, BLUESTONE CD, PARADISE JL, NOZZA RJ: Efficacy of amoxicillin with and without decongestant-antihistamine for otitis media with effusion in children. Results of a double-blind randomized trial. N Engl. J. Med. (1987) 316:432–437.
  • PICHICHERO ME: Evaluating the need, timing and best choice antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media and tonsillopharyngitis infections in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2000) 19:S131–S140.
  • JACOBS MR: Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media: overview and update. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1998) 17:947–952.
  • BLOCK S: Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1997) 16:449–456.
  • JACOBS MR, DAGAN R, APPELBAUM PC, BURCH DJ: Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in middle ear fluid: multinational study of 917 children with acute otitis media. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42(3):589–595.
  • DOERN GV, HEILMANN KP, HUYNH HK, RHOMBERG PR, COFFMAN SL, BRUEGGEMANN AB: Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999-2000, including a comparison of resistance rates since 1994-1995. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2001) 45(6):1721–1729.
  • KAPLAN SL, MASON EO, WALD ER, TAN TQ, SCHUTZE GE, BRADLEY JS et al.: Six year multicenter surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2002) 21:141–147.
  • FRIEDLAND IR, MCCRACKEN GH Jr: Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl. I Med. (1994) 331(6):377–382.
  • NELSON CT, MASON EO Jr, KAPLAN SL: Activity of oral antibiotics in middle ear and sinus infections caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for treatment. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1994) 13(7):585–589.
  • RODRIGUEZ WJ, SCHWARTZ RH, THORNE MM: Increasing incidence of penicillin- and ampicillin-resistant middle ear pathogens. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1995) 14(12):1075–1078.
  • LEVY SB: Confronting multidrug resistance. A role for each of us. JAMA (1993) 269(14):1840–1842.
  • MASON EO Jr, KAPLAN SL, LAMBERTH LB, TILLMAN J: Increased rate of isolation of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a children's hospital and in vitro susceptibilities to antibiotics of potential therapeutic use. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother: (1992) 36(8):1703–1707.
  • BAQUERO F: Trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory pathogens: an analysis and commentary on a collaborative surveillance study. I Antimicrob. Chemother: (1996) 38(Suppl. A):117–132.
  • KLUGMAN K: The clinical relevance of in-vitro resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and alternative agents for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis Antimicrob. Chemother. (1996) 38(Suppl. A):133–140.
  • PICHICHERO ME: Acute otitis media: part II. Treatment in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance. Am. Fam. Phys. (2000) 61(8):2410–2416.
  • CAMERON GG, POMAHAC AC, JOHNSTON MT: Comparative efficacy of ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in otitis media. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (1975) 112(13, Spec. No.):87–88.
  • COOPER J, INMAN JS, DAWSON AF: A comparison between co-trimoxazole and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in general practice. Practitioner (1976) 217(1301):804–809.
  • FELDMAN W, MOMY J, DULBERG C: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole v. amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. CMAJ(1988) 139(10):961–964.
  • FELDMAN W, SUTCLIFFE T, DULBERG C: Twice-daily antibiotics in the treatment of acute otitis media: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus amoxicillin-clavulanate. CMAJ(1990) 142(2):115–118.
  • SHURIN PA, PELTON SI, DONNER A, FINKELSTEIN J, KLEIN JO: Trimeth-oprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with ampicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. J. Pediatr. (1980) 96(6):1081–1087.
  • ADLER M, MCDONALD PJ, TROSTMANN U, KEYSERLING C, TACK K: Cefdinir versus amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid in the treatment of suppurative acute otitis media in children. Eur. Gin. Microbial. Infect. Dis. (1997) 16(3):214–219.
  • ARGUEDAS AG, ZALESKA M, STUTMAN HR, BLUMER JL, HAINS CS: Comparative trial of cefprozil versus amoxicillin clavulanate potassium in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with effusion. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1991) 10(5):375–380.
  • ARONOVITZ GH, DOYLE CA, DURHAM SJ et al.: Cefprozil versus amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media. Infect Med(1992) 9 (Suppl. C):19–31.
  • ASPIN MM, HOBERMAN A, MCCARTY J et al.: Comparative study of the safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. I Pediatr. (1994) 125(1):136–141.
  • BEHRE U, BURROW H, QUINN P, CREE F, HARRISON H: Efficacy of twice-daily dosing of amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media children. Infection (1997) 25(3):163–166.
  • BLOCK, MCCARTY M, HEDRICK JA et al.: Comparative safety and efficacy of cefdinir versus amoxicillin/clavulanate acid for treatment of suppurative acute otitis media in children. Pediatr Infect Dis (2000) 19:S159–S165.
  • BOULESTEIX J, BEGUE P, DUBREUILC et al.: Acute otitis media in children: a study of nasopharyngeal carriage of potential pathogens and therapeutic efficacy of cefixime and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Infection (1995) 23\(Suppl. 2):S79–S82.
  • DAGAN R, LEIBOVITZ E, HISS DM et al.: Bacteriologic efficacies of oral azithromycin and oral cefaclor in treatment of acute otitis media in infants and young children. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44(1):43–50.
  • DAMRIKARNLERT L, JAUREGUI AC, KZADRI M: Efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) twice daily versus three times daily in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. The Augmentin 454 Study Group. Chemother. (2000) 12(1):79–87.
  • GAN VN, KUSMIESZ H, SHELTON S, NELSON JD: Comparative evaluation of loracarbef and amoxicillin-clavulanate for acute otitis media. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1991) 35(5):967–971.
  • GEHANNO P, BERCHE P, BOUCOT I et al.: Comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil and amoxicillin/clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. .1. Antimicrob. Chemother: (1994) 33(6):1209–1218.
  • GEHANNO P, BARRY B, BOBIN S, SAFRAN C: Twice daily cefpodoxime proxetil compared with thrice daily amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for treatment of acute otitis media in children. Scand Infect. Dis. (1994) 26(5):577–584.
  • GOOCH WM, BLAIR E, PUOPOLO A etal.: Clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media with effusion. Clin. Ther: (1995) 17(5):838–851.
  • JACOBSSON S, RIGNER P, VON SYDOW C, BONDESSON G: Clinical and bacteriological efficacy of amoxicillin/ clavulanate (Spektramox) and cefaclor (Kefolor) in children with recurrent AOM or therapy failure. Acta Otolaryngol Swirl (1988) 449:43–44.
  • JACOBSSON S, FOGH A, LARSSON P, LOMBORG S: Evaluation of amoxicillin clavulanate twice daily versus thrice daily in the treatment of otitis media in children. Danish-Swedish Study Group. Ear: I Clin. Microbial. Infect. Dis. (1993) 12(5):319–324.
  • KALEIDA PH, BLUESTONE CD, ROCKETTE HE et al: Amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium compared with cefaclor for acute otitis media in infants and children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. I (1987) 6(3):265–271.
  • KAPRIO E, HAAPANIEMI J, BONDESSON G: Clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefaclor in acute otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol Swirl (1988) 449:45–46.
  • MANDEL EM, CASSELBRANT ML, ROCKETTE HE, BLUESTONE CD, KURS-LASKY M: Efficacy of 20- versus 10-day antimicrobial treatment for acute otitis media. Pediatrics (1995) 96(1, Part 1):5–13.
  • MARCHANT CD, SHURIN PA, JOHNSON CE et al: A randomized controlled trial of amoxicillin plus clavulanate compared with cefaclor for treatment of acute otitis media. I Pediatr. (1986) 109(5):891–896.
  • MCCARTY JM, PHILLIPS A, WIISANEN R: Comparative safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and amoxicillin/ clavulanate in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1993) 12(12 Suppl. 3):5122–5127.
  • PICHICHERO M, ARONOVITZ GH, GOOCH WM et al.: Comparison of cefuroxime axetil, cefaclor, and amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium suspensions in acute otitis media in infants and children. South. Med. J. (1990) 83(10):1174–1177.
  • ARONOVITZ GH: Treatment of otitis media with cefuroxime axetil. South. Med. (1988) 81(8):978–980.
  • ASMAR BI, DAJANI AS, DEL BECCARO MA, MENDELMAN PM: Comparison of cefpod-codme proxetil and ceffidme in the treat-ment of acute otitis media in infants and children. Pediatrics (1994) 94(6):847–852.
  • BARNETT ED, TEELE DW, KLEIN JO, CABRAL HJ, KHARASCH SJ: Comparison of ceftriaxone and trimeth-oprim-sulfamethoxazole for acute otitis media. Greater Boston Otitis Media Study Group. Pediatrics (1997) 99(1):23–28.
  • BERGERON MG, AHRONHEIM G, RICHARD JE et al: Comparative efficacies of erythromycin-sulfisoxazole and cefaclor in acute otitis media: a double blind randomized trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1987) 6(7):654–660.
  • BERMAN S, LAUER BA: A controlled trialof cefaclor versus amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media in early infancy. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1983) 2(1):30–33.
  • BIOLCATI AH: An open comparative study of the efficacy and safety of sultamicillin versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children.' Int. Med. Res. (1992) 20\(Suppl. 1):31A–43A.
  • BLUMERJL, BERTINO JS, HUSAK MP: Comparison of cefaclor and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1984) 3(1):25–29.
  • BLUMER JL, MCLINN SE, DEABATE CA, KAFETZIS DA, PERROTTA RJ, SALGADO O: Multinational multicenter controlled trial comparing Ceftibuten with cefaclor for the treatment of acute otitis media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media International Study Group. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1995) 14(7 Suppl.):S115–5120.
  • BLUMER JL, FORTI WP, SUMMERHOUSE TL: Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of once daily Ceftibuten and twice-daily cefprozil in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Clin. Ther: (1996) 18(5):811–820.
  • BRODIE DP, GRIGGS JV, CUNNINGHAM K: Comparative study of cefuroxime axetil suspension and amoxicillin syrup in the treatment of acute otitis media in general practice. I Int. Med. Res. (1990) 18(3):235–239.
  • DAGAN R: Bacteriologic response to oral cephalosporins: are established susceptibility breakpoints appropriate in the case of acute otitis media? I Infect. Dis. (1997) 176:1253–1259.
  • FELDMAN W, RICHARDSON H, RENNIE B, DAWSON P: A trial comparing cefaclor with co-trimoxazole in the treatment of acute otitis media. Arch. Dis. Child. (1982) 57(8):594–596.
  • FOSHEE WS: Loracarbef (LY163892) versus amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of bacterial acute otitis media with effusion. I Pediatr. (1992) 120(6):980–986.
  • FOSHEE WS, QVARNBERG Y: Comparative United States and European trials of loracarbef in the treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. I (1992) 11(8 Suppl.):S12–S19.
  • FURMAN S, BERKOWICZ L, DIPPENAAR J et al.: Cefetamet pivoxil versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Drugs (1994) 47\(Suppl. 3):21–26.
  • GIEBINK GS, BATALDEN PB, RUSS JN, LE CT: Cefaclor v amoxicillin in treatment of acute otitis media. Am. I Dis. Child (1984) 138(3):287–292. 1088
  • GOOCH WM, GAN VN, CORDER WT, KHURANA CM, ANDREWS WP: Clarithromycin and cefaclor suspensions in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1993) 12(12, Suppl. 3):S128–S133.
  • GOOCH WM, PHILIPS A, RHOADES R, ROSENBERG R, SCHATEN R, STAROBIN S: Comparison of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1997) 16(2 Suppl.):S21–S24.
  • GOOCH WM, ADELGLASS J, KELSEYDK, MASICA D, JOHNS D, WEINBERG BC: Loracarbef versus clarithromycin in children with acute otitis media with effusion. Gin. Ther. (1999) 21(4):711–722.
  • GREEN SM, ROTHROCK SG: Single-dose intramuscular ceftriaxone for acute otitis media in children. Pediatrics (1993) 91(1):23–30.
  • HARRISON CJ, CHARTRAND SA, PICHICHERO ME: Microbiologic and clinical aspects of a trial of once daily cefixime compared with twice daily cefaclor for treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1993) 12(1):62–69.
  • HOWIE VM, DILLARD R, LAWRENCE B: In vivosensitivity test in otitis media: efficacy of antibiotics. Pediatrics (1985) 75(1):8–13.
  • HOWIE VM, OWEN MJ: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of cefixime compared with amoxicillin in acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1987) 6(10):989–991.
  • JOHN WR, VALLE-JONES JC: Treatment of otitis media in children. A comparison between cefaclor and amoxicillin. Practitioner (1983) 227(1386):1805–1809.
  • JOHNSON CE, CARLIN SA, SUPER DM et al.: Cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis medial Pediatr. (1991) 119(1, Part 1):117–122.
  • KARA C, OZUER M, KILIC let al.: Comparison of amoxicillin with second and third generation cephalosporins in the treatment of acute otitis media. Infez. Med. (1998) 6(2):93–95.
  • KENNA MA, BLUESTONE CD, FALL P et al.: Cefixime versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1987) 6(10):992–996.
  • LEIGH AP, ROBINSON D, MILLAR ED: A general practice comparative study of a new third-generation oral cephalosporin, cefixime, with amoxicillin in the treatment of acute paediatric otitis media. Br. J. Clin. Piaci (1989) 43(4):140–143.
  • LUDWIG E: Cefixime in the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. Chemotherapy (1998) 44\(Suppl. 1):31–34.
  • ODIO CM, KUSMIESZ H, SHELTON S, NELSON JD: Comparative treatment trial of augmentin versus cefaclor for acute otitis media with effusion. Pediatrics (1985) 75 (5):819–826.
  • MANDEL EM, BLUESTONE CD, CANTEKIN El, GHORBANIAN SN, ROCKETTE HE: Comparison of cefaclor and amoxicillin for acute otitis media with effusion. Ann. Otol. Rhino]. Laryngol Sapp]. (1981) 90(3, Part 3):48–52.
  • MANDEL EM, CASSELBRANT ML, KURS-LASKY M, BLUESTONE CD: Efficacy of ceftibuten compared with amoxicillin for otitis media with effusion in infants and children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. I (1996) 15(5):409–414.
  • MANDEL EM, BLUESTONE CD, ROCKETTE HE et al.: Duration of effusion after antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media: comparison of cefaclor and amoxicillin. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1982) 1(5):310–316.
  • MANDEL EM, KARDATZKE D, BLUESTONE CD, ROCKETTE HE: A comparative evaluation of cefaclor and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 1(1993) 12(9):726–732.
  • MARCHANT CD, SHURIN PA, TURCYZK VA et al: A randomized controlled trial of cefaclor compared with trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole for treatment of acute otitis media. Pediatr. (1984) 105(4):633–638.
  • MCLINN SE: Cefaclor in treatment of otitis media and pharyngitis in children. Am. J. Dis. Child (1980) 134(6):560–563.
  • MCLINN SE: Randomized, open label, multicenter trial of cefixime compared with amoxicillin for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. I (1987) 6(10):997–1001.
  • MCLINN SE, MCCARTY JM, PERROTTA R, PICHICHERO ME, REIDENBERG BE: Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with amoxicillin/ clavulanate in the empiric treatment of acute otitis media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1995) 14(7):S108–S114.
  • MENDELMAN PM, DEL BECCARO MA, MCLINN SE, TODD WM: Cefpod-oxime proxetil compared with amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of otitis media. J. Pediatr. (1992) 121(3):459–465.
  • OWEN MJ, ANWAR R, NGUYEN HK, SWANK PR, BANNISTER ER, HOWIE VM: Efficacy of cefixime in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Am. I Dis. Child. (1993) 147(1):81–86.
  • PIIPPO T, STEFANSSON S, PITKAJARVI T, LUNDBERG C: Double-blind comparison of cefixime and cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Scand. I Infect. Dis. (1991) 23(4):459–465.
  • PLOUSSARD JH: Evaluation of five days of cefaclor versus ten days of amoxicillin therapy in acute otitis media. Curc The]: Res. (1984) 36:641–645.
  • PRINCIPI N, MARCHISIO P: Cefixime versus amoxicillin in the treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children. Drugs (1991) 42\(Suppl. 4):25–29.
  • PUKANDER JS, PALOHEIMO SH, SIPILA MM: Cefetamet pivoxil in pediatric otitis media. Chemotherapy (1992) 38\(Suppl. 2):25–28.
  • RODRIGUEZ WJ, KHAN W, SAIT T et al.: Cefixime versus cefaclor in the treatment of acute otitis media in children: a randomized, comparative study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 1 (1993) 12(1):70–74.
  • SUBBA RAO SD, MACIAS MP, DILLMAN CA, RAMOS BD, KIERSZENBAUM JS, SOLIMAN AE: A randomized, observer-blind trial of amoxicillin/clavulanate versus cefaclor in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Augmentin 415 Study Group. 1 Chemother: (1998) 10(6):460–468.
  • SYROGIANNOPOULOS GA, GOUMAS PD, HALIOTIS FA, LYGATSIKAS CG, SPYROPOULOS CD, BERATIS NG: Cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. I Chemother: (1992) 4(4):221–224.
  • TSAI HY, HUANG LM, CHIU HH et al: Comparison of once daily cefpodoxime proxetil suspension and thrice daily cefaclor suspension in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. I Microbial. Immunol Infect. (1998) 31(3):165–170.
  • TURIK MA, JOHNS D: Comparison of cefaclor and cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children who failed amoxicillin therapy.' Chemother. (1998) 10(4):306–312.
  • VARSANO I, FRYDMAN M, AMIR J, ALPERT G: Single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone as compared to 7-day amoxicillin therapy for acute otitis media in children. A double blind clinical trial. Chemotherapy (1988) 34\(Suppl. 1):39–46.
  • LEVINE LR: Quantitative comparison of adverse reactions to cefaclor versus amoxicillin in surveillance study. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1985) 4(4):358–361.
  • COURAUD L, ANDREWS JM, LECOEUR H, SULTAN E, LENFANT B: Concentrations of cefpodwdme in plasma and lung tissue after a single oral dose of cefpodoxime proxetil." Antimicrob. Chemother. (1990) 26(Suppl. E):35–40.
  • GUAY DPD: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of cefdinir, an oral extended-spectrum cephalosporin. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2000) 19:S141–S146.
  • PUKANDER JS, JERO JP, KAPRIO EA, SORRI MJ: Clarithromycin versus amoxicillin suspensions in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. .1 (1993) 12(12 Suppl. 3):S118–S121.
  • ROSEN C, FORSGREN A, LOFKVIST T, WALDER M: Acute otitis media in older children and adults treated with phenoxy-methyl penicillin or erythromycin stearate. Bacteriological and immunological aspects. Acta Otolaryngol (1983) 96(3-4):247–253.
  • ARGUEDAS A, LOAIZA C, HERRERA ML et al.: Comparative trial of 3-day azithromycin versus 10-day amoxicillin/ clavulanate potassium in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents (1996) 6:233–238.
  • ARGUEDAS A, LOAIZA C, RODRIGUEZ F, HERRERA ML, MOHS E: Comparative trial of 3 days of azithromycin versus 10 days of clarithromycin in the treatment of children with acute otitis media with effusion." Chemother. (1997) 9(1):44–50.
  • ARONOVITZ G: A multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin versus amoxicillin/ clavulanate for the management of acute otitis media in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1996) 15(9 Suppl.):S15–S19.
  • COLES SJ, ADDLESTONE MB, KAMDAR MK, MACKLIN JL: A comparative study of clarithromycin and amoxicillin suspensions in the treatment of pediatric patients with acute otitis media. Infection (1993) 21(4):272–278.
  • DAGAN R, JOHNSON CE, MCLINN S et al.: Bacteriologic and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanate versus azithromycin in acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (2000) 19(2):95–104.
  • DANIEL RR: Comparison of azithromycin and co-amoxiclav in the treatment of otitis media in children.' Antimicrob. Chemother: (1993) 31(Suppl. E):65–71.
  • FICNAR B, HUZJAK N, ORESKOVIC K, MATRAPAZOVSKI M, KLINAR I: Azithromycin: 3-day versus 5-day course in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children. Croatian Azithromycin Study Group. .1 Chemother. (1997) 9(1):38–43.
  • KHURANA CM: A multicenter, randomized, open label comparison of azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media among children attending day care or school. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. .1 (1996) 15(9 Suppl.):S24–S29.
  • MCCARTY J: A multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. .1 (1996) 15(9 Suppl.):S10–S14.
  • MCLINN S: A multicenter, double blind comparison of azithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. .1 (1996) 15(9 Suppl.):S20–S23.
  • MOHS E, RODRIGUEZ-SOLARES A, RIVAS E, EL HOSHY Z: A comparative study of azithromycin and amoxicillin in paediatric patients with acute otitis media. .1 Antimicrob. Chemother. (1993) 31(Suppl. E):73–79.
  • MULLER O: An open comparative study of azithromycin and roxithromycin in the treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. " Antimicrob. Chemother: (1996) 37(Suppl. C):83–92.
  • PESTALOZZA G, CIOCE C, FACCHINI M: Azithromycin in upper respiratory tract infections: a clinical trial in children with otitis media. Scand J. Infect. Dis. Sapp]. (1992) 83:22–25.
  • RAMET J: Comparative safety and efficacy of clarithromycin and azithromycin suspensions in the short course treatment of children with acute otitis media. Clin. Drug Invest. (1995):961–966.
  • RODRIGUEZ AF: An open study to compare azithromycin with cefaclor in the treatment of children with acute otitis media. .1 Antimicrob. Chemother: (1996) 37(Suppl. C):63–69.
  • SCHAAD UB: Multicentre evaluation of azithromycin in comparison with co-amoxiclav for the treatment of acute otitis media in children. j Antimicrob. Chemother: (1993) 31(Suppl. E):81–88.
  • DOWELL SF, BUTLER JC, GIEBINK GS et al.: Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance - a report from the Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1999) 18(1):1–9.
  • PICHICHERO ME, REINER SA, BROOK I et al.: Controversies in the medical management of persistent and recurrent acute otitis media. Recommendations of a clinical advisory committee. Ann. °to-Rhino]. Laryngol (2000) 183(Suppl. 109[8], part 2):1–12.
  • KLEIN JO: Microbiologic efficacy of antibacterial drugs for acute otitis media. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (1993) 12(12):973–975.
  • PICHICHERO ME, COHEN R: Shortened course of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media, sinusitis and tonsillopharyngitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. (1997) 16:680–695.
  • KOZYRSKYJ AL, HILDES-RIPSTEIN E, LONGSTAFFE SEA, WINCOTT JL, SITAR DS, KLASSEN TP et al: Treatment of acute otitis media with a shortened course of antibiotics: a meta-analysis. JAMA (1998) 279(21):1736–1742.
  • PICHICHERO ME: Short course antibiotic therapy for respiratory infections: a review of the evidence. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. (2000) 19:929–937.
  • PICHICHERO ME, MARSOCCI SM, MURPHY ML, HOEGER W, FRANCIS AB, GREEN JL: A prospective observational study of 5-, 7-, and 10-day antibiotic treatment for acute otitis media. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. (2001) 124(4):381–387.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.