Treating chromoblastomycosis with systemic antifungals

Bibliography

• MCGINNIS MR, HILL CH:Chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis: New concepts, diagnosis, and mycology. .1. Am. Acad. Dermatol (1983) 8(1):1–16.
   Google Scholar
• •A concept-review paper.
   Google Scholar
• RIPPON JW: Chromoblastomycosis. In: Medical Mycology The pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes. WB Saunders, Philadelphia (1988):276–296.
   Google Scholar
• KWON-CHUNG HJ, BENNET JE: Chromoblastomycosis. In: Medical Mycology Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (1992):337–355.
   Google Scholar
• LAVALLE P: Chromomycosis. In: Clinical Tropical Dermatology Cafiizares 0 (Ed.), Blackwell Scientific publications, London, UK (1975):36–41.
   Google Scholar
• ARENAS R: Chromoblastomycosis. In: Antifungal drug therapy: a complete guide for the practitioner Jacobs PH, Nall L (Eds), Marcel-Dekker, New York (1990):43–50.
   Google Scholar
• ELGART GW: Chromoblastomycosis. Dermatol. Clin. (1996) 14(1):77–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BONIFAZ A: Chromoblastomycosis. In: Tropical Dermatology Arenas R, Estrada R (Eds), Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, Texas, USA (2001):68–71.
   Google Scholar
• BATRES E, WOLF JE, RUDOLPH AH, KNOX JM: Transepithelial elimination of cutaneous chromomycosis. Arch. Dermatol (1978) 114(8):1231–1232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SANCHE SE, SUTTON DA,RINALDI MG: Dematiaceous fungi. In: Clinical Mycology Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MA (Eds), Churchill-Livinstone, New York, USA (2003):325–351.
   Google Scholar
• TUFFANELLI L, MILBURN PB: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1990) 23(4 Pt 1):728–732.
   Google Scholar
• RESTREPO A: Treatment of tropical mycoses. Am. Acad. Dermatol (1994) 31(3 pt 2):591–5102.
   Google Scholar
• TINELNOT K: Therapy of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. Mycoses (1997) 40(4):91–96.
   Google Scholar
• BONIFAZ A, CARRASCO-GERARD E, SAUL A: Chromoblastomycosis: a clinical and mycological experience of 51 cases. Mycoses (2001) 44(3):1–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Clinical and mycological experience.
   Google Scholar
• SHARMA NL, SHRAMA RC,GROVER PS et al.: Chromoblastomycosis in India. Int. .1. Dermatol. (1999) 38(5):846–851.
   Google Scholar
• MINOTTO R, BERNARDI CD, MALLMANN LF et al: Chromoblastomycosis: a review of 100 cases in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2001) 44(4):585–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Broad clinical and mycological experience.
   Google Scholar
• NOBRE G, OLIVIERA AS, VERDE F: Chromomycosis report of a case and management by cryosurgery, topical chemotherapy and conventional surgery. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol (1980) 6(7):576–578.
   Google Scholar
• PAVLIDAKEY G, SNOW S, MOHS F: Chromoblastomycosis treated by Mhos micrographic surgery. Dermatol. Surg. Oncol (1986) 12(10):563–566.••••••
   Google Scholar
• KUTTNER BJ, SIEGLE RJ: Treatment of chromomycosis with a CO2 laser. Dermatol Surg. Oncol (1986) 12(9):965–968.
   Google Scholar
• HIRA K, YAMADA H, TAKAHASHI Y, OGAWA H: Successful treatment of chromomycosis using carbon dioxide laser associated with topical heat applications. Eur. Acad. Dermatol Venereol (2002) 16(3):273–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANASE K, YAMADA M: 'Pocket-warmer' therapy of chromomycosis. Arch. Dermatol (1978) 114(7):1095.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TAGAMI H, OHI H, AOSHIMA T et at.: Topical heat therapy for cutaneous chromomycosis. Arch. Dermatol (1979) 115:740–741.
   Google Scholar
• TREJOS A, RAMIREZ 0. Local heat in the treatment of sporotrichosis. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata (1966) 30:47–53.
   Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI S, MASAHASHI T, MATE 0: Local thermotherapy in sporotrichosis. Hautarzt (1981) 32:525–528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TAGAMI H, GINOZA M, IMAIZUMI S et al.: Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis with topical heat therapy. Am. Acad. Dermatol (1984) 10(6):615–619.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HIRUMA M, KAWADA A, YOSHIDA M, KOUYA M: Hyperthermic treatment of chromomycosis with disposable chemical pocket warmers. Report of a successfully treated case, with a review of the literature. Mycopathologia (1993) 122(2):107–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MEDINA-RAMIREZ M: Treatment of chromomycosis with liquid nitrogen. bit.j Dermatol (1973) 12(4):250–254.
   Google Scholar
• LUBRITZ RR, SPENCE JE:Chromoblastomycosis: cure by cryosurgery. Int. Dermatol (1978) 17(10):830–832.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PIMENTEL ER, CASTRO LG, CUCE LC et al.: Treatment of chromomycosis by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen: a report of eleven cases. Dermatol Surg. Oncol (1989) 15(1):72–79.
   Google Scholar
• CASTRO LG, PIMENTEL ER, LACAZ CS: Treatment of chromomycosis by cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen: 15 years' experience. Int. .1. Dermatol (2003) 42(5):408–412.
   Google Scholar
• ••Extensive experience with cryosurgery.
   Google Scholar
• HUSSAIN I, RASHID T, HAROON TS: Parenteral vitamin D (3) and oral terbinafine for refractory chromoblastomycosis.Br. Dermatol (2002) 146(4):704.
   Google Scholar
• LOPES CF, ALVARENGA RJ, CISPALPINO EO et al.: Six years experience in treatment of chromomycosis with 5-fluorocytosine. Int. .1. Dermatol (1978) 17(5):414–418.
   Google Scholar
• ASTORGA B, BONILLA E,MARTINEZ C, MORA W: Tratamiento de la cromomicosis con anfotericina B y 5-fluorcitosina. Med. Cut. ILA (1981) 9(2):125–128.
   Google Scholar
• SILBER JG, GOMBERT ME,GREEN KM, SHALITA AR: Treatment of chromomycosis with ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine. Am. Acad. Dermatol (1983) 8(2):236–238.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QUEIROZ-TELLES F, MCGINNIS MR, SALKIN I, GRAYBILL JR: Subcutaneous mycoses. Infec. Dis. Clin. North. Am. (2003) 17(1):59–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MCBURNEY El: Chromoblastomycosis treatment with ketoconazole. Culls (1982) 30(6):746–748.
   Google Scholar
• MACOTELA-RUIZ E,SERRANO-JAEN L: Ginecomastia por ketoconazol en un paciente con cromomicosis. Rev Med. IMSS (Meld (1988) 26(2):321–324.
   Google Scholar
• PIERARD GE, ARRESE JE, PIERARD-FRANCHIMONT C: Itraconazole. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2000) 1(2):287–304.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •A review of the properties of itraconazole.
   Google Scholar
• BORELLI D: A clinical trial of itraconazole en the treatment of deep mycoses and leishmaniasis. Rev Infec. Dis. (1987) 9\(Suppl. 1):57–63.
   Google Scholar
• LAVALLE P, SUCHIL P, DE OVANDO F et al.: Itraconazole for deep mycoses Preliminary experience en Mexico.Rev Infect. Dis. (1987) 9\(Suppl. 1):64–70.
   Google Scholar
• RESTREPO A, GONZALEZ A, GOMEZ I et al.: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole. Ann. NY Acad. Sci (1988) 544:504–516.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QUEIROZ-TELLEZ F, PURIM K, FILLUS JN et al: Itraconazole in the treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Int. J. Dermatol (1992) 31(11):805–812.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••The largest case series of itraconazoletherapy.
   Google Scholar
• SMITH CH, BARKERJN, HAY RJ: A case of chromoblastomycosis responding to treatment with itraconazole. ELI Dermatol (1993) 128(4):436–439.
   Google Scholar
• KUMARASINGHE SP,KUMARASINGHE MP: Itraconazole pulse therapy in chromoblastomycosis. Eur: Dermatol (2000) 10(3):220–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KULLAVANIJAYA P,ROJANAVANICH V: Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi by the combination of itraconazole and cryotherapy. Int. Dermatol (1995) 34(11):804–807.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BONIFAZ A, MARTINEZ-SOTO E, CARRASCO E, PENICHE J: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole, cryosurgery and combination of both. Int. .1. Dermatol (1997) 36(7):542–547.
   Google Scholar
• •The combination of itraconazole and cryosurgery.
   Google Scholar
• BEDOUT C, GOMEZ BL,RESTREPO A: In vitro susceptibility testing of Fonsecaea pedrosoi to antifungals. Rev Inst. Med. Bop. S. Paulo (1997) 39(3):145–148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MCGINNIS MR, PASARELL L: In vitro evaluation of terbinafine and itraconazole against dematiaceous fungi. Med. Mycol. (1998) 36(4):243–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••MIC for terbinafine and itraconazole.
   Google Scholar
• CALIGIORNE RB, RESENDE MA, MELILLO PH et at In vitro suceptibility of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents to antifungal drugs. Med. Mycol (1999) 37(6):405–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIAZ M, NEGRONI R,MONTERO-GEI F, CASTRO LG et al: A Pan-American 5-year study of fluconazole therapy for deep mycoses in the immunocompetent host. Pan-American Study Group. Gin. Infect. Dis. (1992) 14\(Suppl. 1): S68–S76.
   Google Scholar
• YU RY, GAO L: Chromoblastomycosis successfully treatment with fluconazole. Int. J. Dermatol (1994) 33(10):716–719.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• YANG SP, LIU CY, CHENG NC et al: Successful treatment of subcutaneous mycoses with fluconazole: a report of two cases. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) (1995) 56(6):432–435.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GUERRIERO C, DE SIMONE C, TULLI A: A case of chromoblastomycosis due to Phialophora verrucosa responding to treatment with fluconazole. Ear:Dermatol (1998) 8(3):167–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FRANCO L, GOMEZ I, RESTREPO A: Saperconazole in the treatment of systemic and subcutaneous mycoses. Int.' Dermatol (1992) 31(10):725–729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAY RJ: Therapeutic potential of terbinafine in subcutaneous and systemic••••mycoses. Br. J. Dermatol. (1999) 141\(Suppl. 56):36–40.
   Google Scholar
• SEVIGNY GM, RAMOS-CARO FA: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi with low-dose terbinafine. Cutts (2000) 66(1):45–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESTERRE P, INZAN CK, RAMARCEL ER et al.: Treatment of chromomycosis with terbinafine: preliminary results of an open pilot study. Br: J. Dermatol (1996) 134\(Suppl. 46):33–36.
   Google Scholar
• ••Major series treated with terbinafine.
   Google Scholar
• ESTERRE P, RATSIOHARAMA M, ROIG P: Potential use of terbinafine in the treatment of chromoblastomycosis. Rev Contemp. Pharmacother. (1997) 8:357–361.
   Google Scholar
• ESTERRE P,ANDRIANTSIMAHAVANDY A, RAHARISOLO C: Natural history of chromoblastomycosis in Madagascar and the Indian Ocean. Bull. Soc. Pathol Exot. (1997) 90(5):312–317.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PEREZ A: Terbinafine: broad new spectrum of indications in several subcutaneous and systemic and parasitic diseases Mycoses (1999) 42\(Suppl. 2):111–114.
   Google Scholar
• TANUMA H, HIRAMATSU M, MUKAI H et al: A case of chromoblastomycosis effectively treated with terbinafine. Characteristics of chromoblastomycosis in the Kitasato region, Japan. Mycoses (2000) 43(1-2):79–83.
   Google Scholar
• RYDER NS, FAVRE B. Antifungal activityand mechanism of action of terbinafine. Rev Contemp. Pharmacother. (1997) 8:275–287.
   Google Scholar
• •The mechanism of action and synergy of terbinafine.
   Google Scholar
• DE AVILA SC, PAGLIARI C,DUARTE MI: Chromoblastomycosis and their correlation with different clinical forms of the disease. Mycopathologia (2003) 156(2):51–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GUPTA AK, TABORDA PR,SANZOVO AD: Alternate week and combination itraconazole and terbinafine therapy for chromoblastomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi in Brazil. Med. Mycol. (2002) 40(5):529–534.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••The first study of the combination ofterbinafine and itraconazole.
   Google Scholar
• SHEAR N, DRAKE L, GUPTA AK et al.: The implication and management of drug interactions with itraconazole, fluconazole and terbinafine. Dermatology (2000) 201:196–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Major drug interactions of oralantifungals.
   Google Scholar
• HALL M, MONKA C, KRUPP P, O'SULLIVAN D: Safety of oral terbinafine. Results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25 884 patients. Arch. Dermatol (1997) 133(10):1213–1219.
   Google Scholar