Pharmacoepidemiology and disability in older adults: can medications slow the age-related decline in physical function?

Bibliography

• GURALNIK JM, FRIED LP, SALIVE ME: Disability as a public health outcome in the aging population. Ann. Rev Public Health (1996) 17:25–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRIED TR, BRADLEY EH, WILLIAMS CS, TINETTI ME: Functional disability and health care expenditures for older persons. Arch. Intern. Med. (2001) 161(21):2602–2607.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• USTUN TB, REHM J, CHATTERJI S et al.: Multiple-informant ranking of the disabling effects of different health conditions in 14 countries. WHO/NIH Joint Project CAR Study Group.Lancet (1999) 354:111–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONDER G, GAMBASSI G, SCALES CJ et al.: Adverse drug reactions and cognitive function among hospitalized older adults. Eur.j Clin. Pharmacol (2002) 58:371–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSS SD: Drug-related adverse events: a readers' guide to assessing literature reviews and meta-analyses. Arch. Intern. Med. (2001) 161:1041–1046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ONDER G, PENNINX BW, LANDI F et al.: Depression and adverse drug reactions among hospitalized older adults.Arch. Intern. Med. (2003) 163:301–305.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LAZAROU J, POMERANZ BH, COREY PN: Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JA/VIA (1998) 279:1200–1205.
   Google Scholar
• ONDER G, PEDONE C, LANDI F et al: Adverse drug reactions as cause of hospital admissions: results from the Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly (GIFA). Am. Ceriatr. Soc. (2002) 50:1962–1968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUH DC, WOODALL BS, SHIN SK et al.: Clinical and economic impact of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients. Ann. Pharmacother: (2000) 34:1373–1379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EVERITT DE, AVORN J: Drug prescribing for the elderly. Arch. Intern. Med. (1986) 146:2393–2396.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BATES DW: Drugs and adverse drug reactions: how worried should we be? JAMA (1998) 279:1216–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONDER G, LANDI F, CESARI M, GAMBASSI G, CARBONIN P, BERNABEI R: Inappropriate medication use among hospitalized older adults in Italy: results from the Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly. Investigators of the Gifa Study. Eur. Clin. Pharmacol (2003) 59:157–162.
   Google Scholar
• CLEARFIELD MB: Statins: balancing benefits, efficacy and safety. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2002) 3:469–477.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MOGHADASIAN MH, MANCINI GB, FROHLICH JJ: Pharmacotherapy of hypercholesterolaemia: statins in clinical practice. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2000) 1:683–695.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HESS DC, FAGAN SC: Pharmacology andclinical experience with simvastatin. Expert Opin. Pharmacother: (2001) 2:153–163.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MCDERMOTT MM, GURALNIK JM, GREENLAND P et al.: Statin use and leg functioning in patients with and without lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease. Circulation (2003) 107:757–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A relevant study on statin use and physical performance.
   Google Scholar
• ONDER G, PENNINX BWJH, PARK JS et al.: Change in physical performance over time in older women: The Women's Health and Aging Study. I Cerontol A. Biol. Sci. Med. ScL (2002) 57:M289–M293.
   Google Scholar
• KOLYADA AY, FEDTSOV A,MADIAS NE: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors upregulate inducible NO synthase expression and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension (2001) 38:1024–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTI MC, GURALNIK JM, SARTORI L et al.: The effect of cardiovascular and osteoarticular diseases on disability in older Italian men and women: rationale, design, and sample characteristics of the Progetto Veneto Anziani (PRO.VA.) study. J. Am. Ceriam. Soc. (2002) 50:1535–1540.
   Google Scholar
• FERRUCCI L, HARRIS TB,GURALNIK JM et al.: Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons. J. Am. Ceriatr. Soc. (1999) 47:639–646.
   Google Scholar
• FERRUCCI L, PENNINX BW, VOLPATO S et al.: Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels. .1 Am. Ceriam Soc. (2002) 50:1947–1954.
   Google Scholar
• BLAKE GJ, RIDKER PM: Are statins anti-inflammatory? Carr. Control Trials Cardiovasc. Med. (2000) 1:161–165.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RIDKER PM, RIFAI N, PFEFFER MA, SACKS F, BRAUNWALD E: Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators. Circulation (1999) 100:230–235.
   Google Scholar
• ••A clinical trial evaluating the effect of\pravastatin on inflammatory markers.
   Google Scholar
• RIDKER PM, RIFAI N, CLEARFIELD M et al.: Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Eng]. J. Med. (2001) 344:1959–1965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A clinical trial evaluating the effect ofstatin use in respect of CRP level.
   Google Scholar
• HEART Protection Study Collaborative Group: MRCIBHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (2002) 360:7–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••A clinical trial on simvastatin andcardiovascular events.
   Google Scholar
• CORVOL JC, BOUZAMONDO A, SIROL M, HULOT JS, SANCHEZ P, LECHAT P: Differential effects of lipid-lowering therapies on stroke prevention: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch. Intern. Med. (2003) 163:669–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •A meta-analysis on statin use and risk of stroke.
   Google Scholar
• ETMINAN M, GILLS, SAMII A: The roleof lipid-lowering drugs in cognitive function: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacotherapy (2003) 23:726–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAFFE K, BARRETT-CONNOR E, LIN F, GRADY D: Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch. Neurol. (2002) 59:378–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROCKWOOD K, KIRKLAND S, HOGAN DB: Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. Arch. Nemo]. (2002) 59:223–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARG R, YUSUF F: Overview of randomized clinical trial of Angiotensin converting enzyme on mortality and morbidity in patients with congestive heart failure. Collaborative group on ACE Inhibitor. "AMA (1995) 273:1450–1458.
   Google Scholar
• GAMBASSI G, LAPANE KL, SGADARI A et al.: Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and digoidn on health outcomes of very old patients with heart failure. SAGE Study Group. Systematic Assessment of Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology. Arch. Intern. Med. (2000) 160:53–60.
   Google Scholar
• PARIVILEY WW: Evolution of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in hypertension, heart failure, and vascular protection. Am. J. Med. (1998) 105:27S–31S.
   Google Scholar
• ONDER G, PENNINX BW,BALKRISHNAN R et al.: Relation between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and muscle strength and physical function in older women: an observational study. Lancet (2002) 359:926–930.
   Google Scholar
• •A clinical study on ACE inhibitors and physical performance in older adults.
   Google Scholar
• DI BARI M, FRANSE LV, ONDER G et al.: Use of antihypertensive medications and muscle wasting in older persons: the Health ABC study. I Am. Ceriam. Soc. (In Press).
   Google Scholar
• VESCOVO G, DALLA LIBERA L, SERAFINI F et al.: Improved exercise tolerance after losartan and enalapril in heart failure: correlation with changes in skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition. Circulation (1998) 98:1742–1749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHAUFELBERGER M, ANDERSSON G, ERIKSSON BO, GRIMBY G, HELD P, SWEDBERG K: Skeletal muscle changes in patients with chronic heart failure before and after treatment with enalapril. Ear: Heart (1996) 17:1678–1685.
   Google Scholar
• HENRIKSEN EJ, JACOB S, KINNICK TR, YOUNGBLOOD EB,SCHMIT MB, DIETZE GJ: ACE inhibition and glucose transport in insulin resistant muscle: roles of bradykinin and nitric oxide. Am. .1 Physiol. (1999) 277:R332–R336.
   Google Scholar
• HESPEL P, VERGAUWEN L, VANDENBERGHE K, RICHTER EA: Significance of insulin for glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle during contractions. Diabetes (1996) 45:S99–S104.
   Google Scholar
• METTAUER B, ZOLL J, SANCHEZ H et al.: Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle in heart failure patients versus sedentary or active control subjects. J. Am. Coll Cardiol. (2001) 38:947–954.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHORT KR, NAIR KS: Does aging adversely affect muscle mitochondrial function?Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev (2001) 29:118–123.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHIEFFER B, WOLLERT KC, BERCHTOLD M et al.: Development and prevention of skeletal muscle structural alterations after experimental myocardial infarction. Am. J. Physiol. (1995) 269:H1507–H1513.
   Google Scholar
• HAN Y, RUNGE MS, BRASIER AR: Angiotensin II induces interleukin-6 transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells through pleiotropic activation of nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factors. Circ. Res. (1999) 84:695–703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRANZHOFER R, SCHMIDT J, PFEIFFER CA, HAGL S, LIBBY P, KUBLER W: Angiotensin induces inflammatory activation of human vascular smooth muscle cells. Arteriosc/er. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1999) 19:1623–1629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRULL DJ, SANDERS J, RUMLEY, A, LOWE GD, HUMPHRIES SE, MONTGOMERY HE: Impact of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on post-coronary artery bypass interleukin 6 release. Heart (2002) 87:252–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOLDAWER LL, COPELAND EM 3rd: Proinflammatory cytokines, nutritional support, and the cachexia syndrome: interactions and therapeutic options. Cancer (1997) 79: 1828-1839.
   Google Scholar
• LEVENS NR: Local control of jejunal absorption by the renin-angiotensin system. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol (1986)a8\(Suppl. 10):517–522.
   Google Scholar
• BUNNEMANN B, FUXE K,GANTEN D: The brain renin-angiotensin system: localization and general significance. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1992) 19:S51–S62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DANSER AH, SCHALEKAMP MA, BAX WA et al.: Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human heart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation (1995) 92:1387–1388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MONTGOMERY HE, MARSHALL R, HEMINGWAY H et al.: Human gene for physical performance. Nature (1998) 393:221–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A study on genetic polymorphism of theACE gene and physical performance in young adults.
   Google Scholar
• WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: The World Heath Report 2000: Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO (2000).
   Google Scholar
• PROGRESS COLLABORATIVE GROUP: Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet (2001) 358:1033–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A clinical trial on perindopril and therisk of stroke.
   Google Scholar
• PROGRESS COLLABORATIVE GROUP: Effects of blood pressure lowering with perindopril and indapamide therapy on dementia and cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Arch. Intern. Med. (2003) 163:1069–1075.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MATSUMOTO AM: Andropause: clinical implications of the decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in men. Cerontol Med. ScL (2002) 57A:M76–M99.
   Google Scholar
• •A detailed review on andropause and testosterone.
   Google Scholar
• HARMAN SM, METTER EJ, TOBIN JD,PEARSON J, BLACKMAN MR: BaltimoreLongitudinal Study of Aging. Longitudinalaeffects of aging on serum total and free testosterone levels in healthy men. J. Clin.Endocrin. Metab. (2001) 86:724–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KEENAN DM, VELDHUIS JD: Disruption of the ipothalamic luteinizing hormone pulsing mechanism in aging men. Am. j Physiol Regular Intregr: Comp. Physiol (2001) 281:R1917–R1924.
   Google Scholar
• MORLEY JE, PERRY HMIII: Androgendeficiency in aging men: role of testosterone replacement therapy. I Lab. Clin. Med. (200) 135:370–378.
   Google Scholar
• FRIED LP, TANGEN CM, WALSTON J et al.: Cardiovascular Health study collaborative research Group. Frailty in older adults; evidence for a phenotype. Cerontol Med. Sci. (2001) 56A:M146–M156.
   Google Scholar
• MORLEY JE, BAUMGARTNER RN, ROUBEN OFF R, MAYER J, NAIR KS: Sarcopenia.j. Lab. Clin. Med. (2001) 137:231–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAHOR M, KRITCHEVSKY S: Research hypotheses on muscle wasting, aging, loss of function and disability. .1 Nutt: Health Aging (1998) 2:97–100.
   Google Scholar
• WITTERT GA, CHAPMAN IM, HAREN MT et al.: Oral Testosterone Supplementation increase muscle and decrease fat mass in healthy elderly males with low-normal gonadal status.' Cerontol Med. Sci (2003) 58A(7):M618–M625.
   Google Scholar
• •A clinical trial evaluating the effect of testosterone supplementation on the skeletal muscle.
   Google Scholar
• VVEISSBERGER AJ, HO KK: Activation ofthe somatotropic axis by testosterone in adult males: evidence for the role of aromatization. ./. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (1193) 76:1407–1412.
   Google Scholar
• VAN DER BELD AW, DE JONG FH, GROBBEE DE, POLS HA,LAMBERTS SW: Measures of bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and their relationships with muscle strength, bone density and body composition in elderly men. I Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2000) 85:3276–3282.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ROLF C, NIESCHLAG E: Potential adverse effects of long-term testosterone therapy. Bailliers Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (1998) 12:521–5234.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BASARIA S, DOBS AS: Hypogonadism and androgen replacement therapy in elderly men. Am. Med. (2001) 110:563–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOHR BA, FELDMAN HA, KALISH LA, LONGCOPE C, MCKINLAY JB: Are serum hormones associated with the risk of prostate cancer? Prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Urology (2001) 57:93–95.
   Google Scholar
• HEIKKILA R,AHO K, HELIOVAARA M et al.: Serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations and the risk of prostate carcinoma - a longitudinal study. Cancer (1999) 86:312–315.
   Google Scholar