Biological agents versus chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer

Bibliography

• JEMAL A, SIEGEL R, WARD E et al.: Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J. Clin. (2006) 56(2):106-130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALOMON D, BRANDT R, CIARDIELLO F, NORMANNO N: Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. (1995) 19(3):183-232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBIN GRANDIS J, MELHEM M, GOODING W et al.: Levels of TGF-alpha and EGFR protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. J. Natl Cancer Inst. (1998) 90(11):824-832.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OZANNE B, RICHARDS C, HENDLER F, BURNS D, GUSTERSON B: Over-expression of the EGF receptor is a hallmark of squamous cell carcinomas. J. Pathol. (1986) 149(1):9-14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REMACLE-BONNET M, GARROUSTE F, HELLER S, ANDRE F, MARVALDI J, POMMIER G: Insulin-like growth factor-I protects colon cancer cells from death factor-induced apoptosis by potentiating tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB signaling pathways. Cancer Res. (2000) 60(7):2007-2017.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WEBER M, FOTTNER C, LIU S, JUNG M, ENGELHARDT D, BARETTON G: Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in human colon carcinomas. Cancer (2002) 95(10):2086-2095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALIGAYER H, BOYD D, HEISS M, ABDALLA E, CURLEY S, GALLICK G: Activation of Src kinase in primary colorectal carcinoma: an indicator of poor clinical prognosis. Cancer (2002) 94(2):344-351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUJII T, OBARA T, TANNO S, URA H, KOHGO Y: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 as a prognostic factor in human colorectal carcinomas. Hepatogastroenterology (1999) 46(28):2299-2308.
   Google Scholar
• LEVY G: Prostaglandin H synthases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and colon cancer. FASEB J. (1997) 11(4):234-247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOERTEL C: Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (1978) 299(19):1049-1052.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’CONNELL M, MAILLIARD J, KAHN M et al.: Controlled trial of fluorouracil and low-dose leucovorin given for 6 months as postoperative adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15(1):246-250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOLMARK N, ROCKETTE H, FISHER B et al.: The benefit of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil as postoperative adjuvant therapy for primary colon cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol C-03. J. Clin. Oncol. (1993) 11(10):1879-1887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE GRAMONT A, LOUVET C, ANDRE T, TOURNIGAND C, KRULIK M: A review of GERCOD trials of bimonthly leucovorin plus 5-fluorouracil 48-h continuous infusion in advanced colorectal cancer: evolution of a regimen. Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Cancers de l’Ovaire et Digestifs (GERCOD). Eur. J. Cancer (1998) 34(5):619-626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFFICACY OF INTRAVENOUS CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF FLUOROURACIL COMPARED WITH BOLUS ADMINISTRATION IN ADVANCED COLORECTAL CANCER: Meta-analysis group in cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16(1):301-308.
   Google Scholar
• ENG C, KINDLER HL, SCHILSKY RL: Oral fluoropyrimidine treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2001) 1(2):95-103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MIWA M, URA M, NISHIDA M et al.: Design of a novel oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, capecitabine, which generates 5-fluorouracil selectively in tumours by enzymes concentrated in human liver and cancer tissue. Eur. J. Cancer (1998) 34(8):1274-1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHULLER J, CASSIDY J, DUMONT E et al.: Preferential activation of capecitabine in tumor following oral administration to colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (2000) 45(4):291-297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOFF P, ANSARI R, BATIST G et al.: Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized Phase III study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19(8):2282-2292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, TWELVES C, CASSIDY J et al.: Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large Phase III study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19(21):4097-4106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TWELVES C, WONG A, NOWACKI M et al.: Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 352(26):2696-2704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHARMA S, KEMENY N, KELSEN D et al.: A Phase II trial of farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor SCH 66336, given by twice-daily oral administration, in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan. Ann. Oncol. (2002) 13(7):1067-1071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROUGIER P, VAN CUTSEM E, BAJETTA E et al.: Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet (1998) 352(9138):1407-1412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM D, PYRHONEN S, JAMES R et al.: Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet (1998) 352(9138):1413-1418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOUILLARD J, CUNNINGHAM D, ROTH A et al.: Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet (2000) 355(9209):1041-1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, COX J, BLANKE C et al.: Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. (2000) 343(13):905-914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PATT Y, LEIBMANN J, DIAMANDIDIS D: Capecitabine (X) plus irinotecan (XELIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): final safety findings from a Phase II trial. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3602.
   Google Scholar
• GROTHEY A, JORDAN K, KELLNER O: Randomized Phase II trial of capecitabine plus irinotecan (CapIri) versus capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CapOx) as first-line therapy of advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Presented at the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA (2003) Abstr. 1022.
   Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, NIEDZWIECKI D, HOLLIS D et al.: Irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (IFL) versus fluorouracil/leucovorin alone (FL) in stage III colon cancer (intergroup trial CALGB C89803). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3500.
   Google Scholar
• YCHOU M, RAOUL J, DOUILLARD J et al.: A Phase III randomized trial of LV5FU2+CPT-11 versus LV5FU2 alone in adjuvant high risk colon cancer (FNCLCC Accord02/FFCD9802). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3502.
   Google Scholar
• VAN CUTSEM E, LABIANCA R, HOSSFELD D et al.: Randomized Phase III trial comparing infused irinotecan/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (IF) versus 5-FU/FA (F) in stage III colon cancer patients (pts). (PETACC 3). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 8.
   Google Scholar
• ROTHENBERG M, OZA A, BIGELOW R et al.: Superiority of oxaliplatin and fluorouracil-leucovorin compared with either therapy alone in patients with progressive colorectal cancer after irinotecan and fluorouracil-leucovorin: interim results of a Phase III trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21(11):2059-2069.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDBERG R, SARGENT D, MORTON R et al.: A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(1):23-30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANDRE T, BONI C, MOUNEDJI-BOUDIAF L et al.: Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350(23):2343-2351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HICKISH T, BONI C, NAVARRO M: FOLFOX4 as adjuvant treatment for stage II colon cancer (CC): Subpopulation data from the MOSAIC trial. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3619.
   Google Scholar
• TOURNIGAND C, ANDRE T, ACHILLE E et al.: FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(2):229-237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLUCCI G, GEBBIA V, PAOLETTI G et al.: Phase III randomized trial of FOLFIRI versus FOLFOX4 in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: a multicenter study of the Gruppo Oncologico Dell’Italia Meridionale. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(22):4866-4875.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAUGHAN T: Fluorouracil (FU), oxaliplatin (Ox), CPT-11 (irinotecan, Ir), use and sequencing, in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC): the UK MRC FOCUS (CR08) Trial. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. Hollywood, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 165.
   Google Scholar
• VAUTHEY JN, PAWLIK TM, RIBERO D: Chemotherapy regimen predicts steatohepatitis and an increase in 90-day mortality after surgery for hepatic colorectal metastases. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24(13):2065-2072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUBBIA-BRANDT L, AUDARD V, SARTORETTI P et al.: Severe hepatic sinusoidal obstruction associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. (2004) 15(3):460-466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FALCONE A, MASI G, MURR R: Biweekly irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and infusional 5FU/LV (FOLFOXIRI) versus FOLFIRI as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): results of a randomized, Phase III trial by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest (GONO). 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA (2006) Abstr. 227.
   Google Scholar
• SOUGLAKOS J, ANDROULAKIS N, SYRIGOS K et al.: FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) versus FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC): a multicentre randomised Phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Br. J. Cancer (2006) 94(6):798-805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, KIES M, ABBRUZZESE J, AZARNIA N, NEEDLE M: The presence and intensity of the cetuximab-induced acne-like rash predicts increased survival in studies across multiple malignancies. Presented at the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA (2003) Abstr. 817.
   Google Scholar
• DAWSON J, BERGER M, LIN C, SCHLESSINGER J, LEMMON M, FERGUSON K: Epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization and activation require ligand-induced conformational changes in the dimer interface. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2005) 25(17):7734-7742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SATO J, KAWAMOTO T, LE A, MENDELSOHN J, POLIKOFF J, SATO G: Biological effects in vitro of monoclonal antibodies to human epidermal growth factor receptors. Mol. Biol. Med (1983) 1(5):511-529.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BASELGA J, TRIGO J, BOURHIS J et al.: Phase II multicenter study of the antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with platinum-refractory metastatic and/or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(24):5568-5577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM D, HUMBLET Y, SIENA S et al.: Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351(4):337-345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, RUBIN M, HOCHSTER H et al.: Cetuximab (IMC-C225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) is active in CPT-11-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Presented at the 2001 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, USA (2001) Abstr. 7.
   Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, MEROPOL N, LOEHRER PS, NEEDLE M, KOPIT J, MAYER R: Phase II trial of cetuximab in patients with refractory colorectal cancer that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(7):1201-1208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONNER JA, HARARI PM, GIRALT J et al.: Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med. (2006) 354(6):567-578.
   Google Scholar
• PREWETT M, HOOPER A, BASSI R, ELLIS L, WAKSAL H, HICKLIN D: Enhanced antitumor activity of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody IMC-C225 in combination with irinotecan (CPT-11) against human colorectal tumor xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(5):994-1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASELGA J, PFISTER D, COOPER M et al.: Phase I studies of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor chimeric antibody C225 alone and in combination with cisplatin. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18(4):904-914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TABERNERO J, VAN CUTSEM E, SASTRE J et al.: An international Phase II study of cetuximab in combination with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (FOLFOX-4) in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Preliminary results. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3512.
   Google Scholar
• ROSENBERG A, LOEHRER P, NEEDLE M et al.: Erbitux (IMC-C225) plus weekly irinotecan (CPT-11), fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV) in colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). Presented at the 2002 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2002) Abstr. 536.
   Google Scholar
• ROUGIER P, RAOUL J, VAN LAETHEM J et al.: Cetuximab+FOLFIRI as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal CA. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3513.
   Google Scholar
• CHUNG KY, SHIA J, KEMENY NE et al.: Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(9):1803-1810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALTZ L: Epidermal growth factor receptor-negative colorectal cancer: is there truly such an entity? Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2005) 5(Suppl. 2):S98-S100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHUNG K, SHIA J, KEMENY N et al.: Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(9):1803-1810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LENZ H, MAYER R, GOLD P et al.: Activity of cetuximab in patients with colorectal cancer refractory to both irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3510.
   Google Scholar
• SCARTOZZI M, BEARZI I, BERARDI R, MANDOLESI A, FABRIS G, CASCINU S: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) status in primary colorectal tumors does not correlate with EGFR expression in related metastatic sites: implications for treatment with EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(23):4772-4778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAYFIELD L, BERNARD P, GOLDSTEIN N: Color multiplex polymerase chain reaction for quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. (2003) 83(4):227-231.
   Google Scholar
• STOEHLMACHER J, BRABENDER J, SHIROTA Y et al.: Association between mRNA expression level of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and response to the EGFR-Inhibitor C225 in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Presented at the 2001 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, USA (2001) Abstr. 593.
   Google Scholar
• SCHRAG D, CHUNG KY, FLOMBAUM C, SALTZ L: Cetuximab therapy and symptomatic hypomagnesemia. J. Natl Cancer Inst. (2005) 97(16):1221-1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEINER L, BELLDEGRUN A, ROWINSKY E et al.: Updated results from a dose and schedule study of panitumumab (ABX-EGF) monotherapy, in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3059.
   Google Scholar
• MEROPOL N, BERLIN J, HECHT J et al.: Multicenter study of ABX-EGF monotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA (2003) Abstr. 1026.
   Google Scholar
• MALIK I, HECHT J, PATNAIK A et al.: Safety and efficacy of panitumumab monotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3520.
   Google Scholar
• HECHT J, BERLIN J, MALIK I et al.: Panitumumab therapy with irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (IFL) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients: a pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 259.
   Google Scholar
• HECHT J, POSEY J, TCHEKMEYDIAN N: Panitumumab in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (IFL) or FOLFIRI for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA, USA (2006) Abstr. 237.
   Google Scholar
• PEETERS M, VAN CUTSEM E, SIENA S et al.: A phase 3, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of panitumumab plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC alone in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) . Presented at the 97th AACR Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. Washington (DC) USA (2006) Abstract #CP-1.
   Google Scholar
• VANHOEFER U, TEWES M, ROJO F et al.: Phase I study of the humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody EMD72000 in patients with advanced solid tumors that express the epidermal growth factor receptor. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22(1):175-184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TABERNERO J, ROJO F, JIMENEZ E et al.: A Phase I PK and serial tumor and skin pharmacodynamic (PD) study of weekly (q1w), every 2-week (q2w) or every 3-week (q3w) 1-hour (h) infusion EMD72000, a humanized monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, in patients (pt) with advanced tumors. Presented at the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA (2003) Abstr. 770.
   Google Scholar
• SIEDEN M, BURRIS H, MATULONIS U et al.: A Phase II trial of EMD72000 (matuzumab), a humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody in subjects with heavily treated and platinum-resistant advanced Müllerian malignancies. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3151.
   Google Scholar
• LYNCH TJ, BELL DW, SORDELLA R et al.: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350(21):2129-2139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAEZ JG, JANNE PA, LEE JC et al.: EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science (2004) 304(5676):1497-1500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE BONO J, HAMMOND L, FIGUEROA J: Phase I/II trial of Iressa™ (ZD 1839) in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer (2002) 86(Suppl 1):S50 (Abstr. 6).
   Google Scholar
• FISHER G, KUO T, CHO C et al.: A Phase II study of gefitinib in combination with FOLFOX-4 (IFOX) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3514.
   Google Scholar
• ZAMPINO M, LORIZZO K, MASSACESI C et al.: First-line gefitinib combined with simplified FOLFOX-6 in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-positive advanced colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3659.
   Google Scholar
• HARTMANN J, KROENING H, BOKEMEYER C et al.: Phase I study of gefitinib in combination with oxaliplatin and weekly 5-FU/FA (FUFOX) for second-/third-line treatment in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3154.
   Google Scholar
• OZA A, TOWNSLEY C, SIU L et al.: Phase II study of erlotinib (OSI-774) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2003 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL, USA (2003) Abstr. 785.
   Google Scholar
• MEYERHARDT J, XHU A, ENZINGER P et al.: Phase II study of capecitabine, oxaliplatin and erlotinib in previously treated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3580.
   Google Scholar
• MESSERSMITH W, LAHERU D, SENZER N et al.: Phase I trial of irinotecan, infusional 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFIRI) with erlotinib (OSI-774): early termination due to increased toxicities. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10(19):6522-6527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAKHOUL I, GROSSBARD M, R B: Phase II study of erlotinib in combination with capecitabine (XELTAR). Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA, USA (2006) Abstr. 239.
   Google Scholar
• GRIFFIN G, THELEMANN A, MCCORMACK S: Characterization of the molecular determinants of erlotinib sensitivity in NSCLC cell lines. Presented at the 2005 American Association for Cancer Res. Annual Meeting. Anaheim, CA, USA (2005) Abstr. 2313.
   Google Scholar
• YANG AD, FAN F, CAMP E: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is induced by oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA, USA (2006) Abstr. 289.
   Google Scholar
• SPIGEL DR, HAINSWORTH J, BURRIS HR: Phase II study of FOLFOX4, bevacizumab, and erlotinib as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA, USA (2006) Abstr. 238.
   Google Scholar
• REDLINGER M, KRAMER A, FLAHERTY K, SUN W, HALLER D, O’DWYER P: A Phase II trial of gefitinib in combination with 5-FU/LV/irinotecan in patients with colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3767.
   Google Scholar
• TEJPAR S, VAN CUTSEM E, GAMELIN E et al.: Phase I/2a study of EKB-569, an irreversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3579.
   Google Scholar
• CASADO E, FOLPRECHT G, PAZ-ARES L et al.: A Phase I/IIA pharmacokinetic (PK) and serial skin and tumor pharmacodynamic (PD) study of the EGFR irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor EKB-569 in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), leucovorin (LV) and irinotecan (CPT-11) (FOLFIRI regimen) in patients (pts) with advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3543.
   Google Scholar
• BURRIS HI, HURWITZ H, DEES E et al.: Phase I safety, pharmacokinetics, and clinical activity study of lapatinib (GW572016), a reversible dual inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic carcinomas. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(23):5305-5313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIELDS A, RINALDI D, HENDERSON C et al.: An open-label multicenter Phase II study of oral lapatinib (GW572016) as single agent, second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3583.
   Google Scholar
• LU D, ZHANG H, LUDWIG D et al.: Simultaneous blockade of both the epidermal growth factor receptor and the insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathways in cancer cells with a fully human recombinant bispecific antibody. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279(4):2856-2865.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DI COSIMO S, MATAR P, ROJO F et al.: Schedule-dependent effects of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib in combination with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus (RAD001). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3074.
   Google Scholar
• TSUCHIDA T, KIJIMA H, TOKUNAGA T et al.: Expression of the thrombospondin 1 receptor CD36 is correlated with decreased stromal vascularisation in colon cancer. Int. J. Oncol. (1999) 14(1):47-51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI Y, TUCKER S, KITADAI Y et al.: Vessel counts and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor as prognostic factors in node-negative colon cancer. Arch. Surg. (1997) 132(5):541-546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI Y, KITADAI Y, BUCANA C, CLEARY K, ELLIS L: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. Cancer Res. (1995) 55(18):3964-3968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM K, LI B, WINER J et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature (1993) 362(6423):841-844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KABBINAVAR F, HURWITZ H, FEHRENBACHER L et al.: Phase II, randomized trial comparing bevacizumab plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) with FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21(1):60-65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERGSLAND EK: Update on clinical trials targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in cancer. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. (2004) 61(21 Suppl. 5):S12-S20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HURWITZ H, FEHRENBACHER L, NOVOTNY W et al.: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350(23):2335-2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKILLINGS J, JOHNSON D, MILLER K: Arterial thromboembolic events (ATEs) in a pooled analysis of 5 randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of bevacizumab (BV) with chemotherapy). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3019.
   Google Scholar
• KABBINAVAR FF, SCHULZ J, MCCLEOD M et al.: Addition of bevacizumab to bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized Phase II trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(16):3697-3705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOFF P, ENG C, ADININ R: Preliminary results from a Phase II study of FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA, USA (2006) Abstr. 252.
   Google Scholar
• GIANTONIO B, CATALANO P, MEROPOL N et al.: High-dose bevacizumab improves survival when combined with FOLFOX4 in previously treated advanced colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study E3200. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 2.
   Google Scholar
• HERBST R, JOHNSON D, MININBERG E et al.: Phase I/II trial evaluating the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab in combination with the HER-1/epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib for patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(11):2544-2555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COBLEIGH MA, LANGMUIR VK, SLEDGE GW et al.: A Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Semin. Oncol. (2003) 30(5 Suppl. 16):117-124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN HX, MOONEY M, BORON M: Bevacizumab (BV) plus 5-FU/leucovorin (FU/LV) for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) that progressed after standard chemotherapies: an NCI Treatment Referral Center trial (TRC-0301). Presented at the 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA (2004) Abstr. 3515.
   Google Scholar
• HOCHSTER H, HART L, RAMANATHAN R: Results of the TREE-2 cohort: safety, tolerability, and efficacy of bevacizumab added to three oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Francisco, CA (2006) Abstr. 244.
   Google Scholar
• MORGAN B, THOMAS A, DREVS J et al.: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK 222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results from two Phase I studies. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21(21):3955-3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRARBACH T, THOMAS A, BARTEL C et al.: Preliminary Phase I results of the oral, once-daily angiogenesis inhibitor PTK787/ZK 222584 (PTK/ZK) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2003) 39(Suppl. 5):S91 (Abstr. 297).
   Google Scholar
• HECHT J, TRARBACH T, JAEGER E et al.: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study in patients (Pts) with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum receiving first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and PTK787/ZK 222584 or placebo (CONFIRM-1). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3.
   Google Scholar
• MOTZER RJ, MICHAELSON MD, REDMAN BG et al.: Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24(1):16-24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RINI B, RIXE O, BUKOWSKI R: AG-013736, a multi-target tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a Phase II study of cytokine-refractory, metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 4509.
   Google Scholar
• SALTZ L, LENZ H, HOCHSTER H: Randomized Phase II trial of cetuximab/bevacizumab/irinotecan (CBI) versus cetuximab/bevacizumab (CB) in irinotecan-refractory colorectal cancer. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3508.
   Google Scholar
• HERBST RS, JOHNSON DH, MININBERG E et al.: Phase I/II trial evaluating the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab in combination with the HER-1/epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib for patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23(11):2544-2555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VOKES E, COHEN E, MAUER A: A Phase I study of erlotinib and bevacizumab for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNC). Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 5504.
   Google Scholar
• CIARDIELLO F, BIANCO R, CAPUTO R et al.: Antitumor activity of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in human cancer cells with acquired resistance to antiepidermal growth factor receptor therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10(2):784-793.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLDEN S, ECKHARDT S, BASSER R et al.: Clinical evaluation of ZD6474, an orally active inhibitor of VEGF and EGF receptor signaling, in patients with solid, malignant tumors. Ann. Oncol. (2005) 16(8):1391-1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER K, TRIGO J, WHEELER C et al.: A multicenter Phase II trial of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11(9):3369-3376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERBST R, JOHNSON B, ROWBOTTOM J et al.: ZD6474 plus docetaxel in patients with previously treatedNSCLC: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase II trial. Lung Cancer (2005) 49(Suppl. 2):S35.
   Google Scholar
• YOKOI K, THAKER P, YAZICI S et al.: Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation by AEE788 reduces growth and metastasis of human colon carcinoma in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res. (2005) 65(9):3716-3725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTINELLI E, TAKIMOTO C, VAN OOSTEROM A et al.: AEE788, a novel multitargeted inhibitor of ErbB and VEGF receptor family tyrosine kinases: preliminary Phase I results. Presented at the 2005 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA (2005) Abstr. 3039.
   Google Scholar
• KONNER J, DUPONT J: Use of soluble recombinant decoy receptor vascular endothelial growth factor trap (VEGF Trap) to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor activity. Clin. Colorectal Cancer (2004) 4(Suppl. 2):S81-S85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CARTWRIGHT CA, KAMPS MP, MEISLER AI, PIPAS JM, ECKHART W: pp60c-src activation in human colon carcinoma. J. Clin. Invest. (1989) 83(6):2025-2033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAM JS, INO Y, SAKAMOTO M, HIROHASHI S: Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 restores the E-cadherin/catenin cell adhesion system in human cancer cells and reduces cancer metastasis. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(7):2430-2436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TREVINO JG, SUMMY JM, GRAY MJ et al.: Expression and activity of SRC regulate interleukin-8 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells: implications for angiogenesis. Cancer Res. (2005) 65(16):7214-7222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THERASSE P: Measuring the clinical response. What does it mean? Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(14):1817-1823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHRAG D: The price tag on progress-chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351(4):317-319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UYL-DE GROOT CA, GIACCONE G: Health economics: can we afford an unrestricted use of new biological agents in gastrointestinal oncology? Curr. Opin. Oncol. (2005) 17(4):392-396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITRY E, DOUILLARD JY, VAN CUTSEM E et al.: Predictive factors of survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: an individual data analysis of 602 patients included in irinotecan phase III trials. Ann. Oncol. (2004) 15(7):1013-1017.
   Google Scholar
• DE GRAMONT A, VIGNOUD J, TOURNIGAND C et al.: Oxaliplatin with high-dose leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil 48-hour continuous infusion in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur. J. Cancer. (1997) 33(2):214-219.
   Google Scholar
• ANDRE T, LOUVET C, RAYMOND E et al.: Bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil infusion and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX3) for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen. Ann. Oncol. (1998) 9(11):1251-1253.
   Google Scholar
• ANDRE T, BENSMAINE MA, LOUVET C et al.: Multicenter phase II study of bimonthly high-dose leucovorin, fluorouracil infusion, and oxaliplatin for metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to the same leucovorin and fluorouracil regimen. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17(11):3560-3568.
   Google Scholar
• MAINDRAULT-GOEBEL F, LOUVET C, ANDRE T et al.: Oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX6). GERCOR. Eur. J. Cancer. (1999) 35(9):1338-1342.
   Google Scholar
• MAINDRAULT-GOEBEL F, DE GRAMONT A, LOUVET C et al.: High-dose intensity oxaliplatin added to the simplified bimonthly leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil regimen as second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (FOLFOX 7). Eur. J. Cancer (2001) 37(8):1000-1005. Erratum in: Eur. J. Cancer (2004) 40(16):2533.
   Google Scholar