Overcoming resistance with designer immunotoxins

Bibliography

• KIOY D JANNIN J, MATTOCK N: Human African trypanosomiasis. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. (2004) 2:186-187.
   Google Scholar
• DESPOMMIER DD, GWADZ RW, HOTEZ PJ, KNIRSCH C: Summary of basic science and clinical information for African trypanosomiasis. In: Parasitic Diseases, 5th edn. Apple Trees, New York (2005).
   Google Scholar
• DUMAS S, BISSER S: Clinical aspects of human African trypanosomiasis. In: Progress in Human African Trypanosomiasis, Sleeping Sickness. Springer-Verlag, Paris (1999):215-233.
   Google Scholar
• GREENWOOD BM, WHITTLE HC: The pathogenesis of sleeping sickness. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1980) 74:716-725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAYS E, VANHAMME L, PEREZ-MORGA D: Antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei: facts, challenges and mysteries. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. (2004) 7:369-374.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HORN D: The molecular control of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei. Curr. Mol. Med. (2004) 4:563-576.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DUMAS M, BOUTEILLE B: Treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Bull. WHO (2000) 78:1474.
   Google Scholar
• ITEN M, MATOVU E, BRUN R, KAMINSKY R: Innate lack of susceptibility of Ugandan Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1995) 46:190-194.
   Google Scholar
• BOUTEILLE B, OUKEM O, BISSER S, DUMAS M: Treatment perspectives for human African trypanosomiasis. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. (2003) 17:171-181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MPIA B, PEPIN J: Combination of eflornithine and melarsoprol for melarsoprol-resistant Gambian trypanosomiasis. Trop. Med. Int. Health (2002) 7:775-779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEPIN J, MPIA B: Trypanosomiasis relapse after melarsoprol therapy, Democratic Republic of Congo, 1982-2001. Emerg. Infect. Dis. (2005) 11:921-927.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JANNIN J, CATTAND P: Treatment and control of human African trypanosomiasis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases (2004) 17:565-571.
   Google Scholar
• LEGROS D OLLIVIER G, GASTELLU-ETCHEGORY M et al.: Treatment of human African trypanosomiasis-present situation and needs for research and development. Lancet Infect. Dis. (2002) 2:437-440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YEATES C: DB-289 Immtech International. Idrugs (2003) 6:1086-1093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VANHAMME L, PAYS E: The trypanosome lytic factor of human serum and the molecular basis of sleeping sickness. Int. J. Parasitol. (2004) 34:887-898.
   Google Scholar
• DE GREEF C, HAMERS R: The serum resistance-associated (SRA) gene of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense encodes a variant surface glycoprotein-like protein. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. (1994) 68:277-284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN MEIRVENNE N, MAGINUS E, JANSSENS PG: The effect of normal human serum on trypanosomes of distinct antigenic type (ETat 1 to 12) isolated from a strain of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. Ann. Soc. Belg. Med. Trop. (1976) 56:55-63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• XONG HV, VANHAMME L, CHAMEKH M et al.: A VSG expression site-associated gene confers resistance to human serum in Trypanosoma rhodesiense. (1998) Cell 95:839-846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VANHAMME L, PATURIAUX-HANCOCQ F, POELVOORDE P et al.: Apolipoprotein L–I is the trypanosome lytic factor of human serum. Nature (2003) 422:83-87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMERS-CASTERMAN C, ATARHOUCH T, MUYLDERMANS S et al.: Naturally occurring antibodies devoid of light chains. Nature (1993) 363:446-448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHERRIF S, CONSTANTINE KL: Redefining the minimal antigen-binding fragment. Nat Struct Biol. (1996) 3:733-736.
   Google Scholar
• MUYLDERMANS S, CAMBILLAU C, WYNS L: Recognition of antigens by single-domain antibody fragments: the superfluous luxury of paired domains. Trends Biochem. Sci. (2001) 26:230-235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STIJLEMANS B, CONRATH K, CORTEZ-RETAMOZO V et al.: Efficient targeting of conserved cryptic epitopes of infectious agents by single-domain antibodies. African trypanosomes as paradigm. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:1256-1261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEREZ-MORGA D, VANHOLLEBEKE B, PATURIAUX-HANOCQ F et al.: Apolipoprotein L-I promotes trypanosome lysis by forming pores in lysosomal membranes. Science (2005) 309:469-472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTEZ-RETAMOZO V, BACKMANN N, SENTER PD et al.: Efficient cancer therapy with a nanobody-based conjugate. Cancer Res. (2004) 64:2853-2857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CORTEZ-RETAMOZO V, LAUWEREYS M, HASSANZADEH GH G et al.: Efficient tumor targeting by single-domain antibody fragments of camels. Int. J. Cancer (2002) 98:456-462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONRATH K, VINCKE C, STIJLEMANS B et al.: Antigen binding and solubility effects upon the veneering of a camel VHH in framework-2 to mimic a VH. J. Mol. Biol. (2005) 350:112-125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHAROUDI MA, DESMYTER A, MUYLDERMANS S, HAMERS R: Identification of soluble, stable camel VH antibody fragments expressed in E.coli, with specificity and neutralizing activity for tetanus toxoid. 9th Forum of Applied Biotechnology, Med. Fac. Landbouw Univ. Gent. (1995) 60/4a Part I:2097-2100.
   Google Scholar
• FRENKEN LG, HESSING JG, VAN DEN HONDEL CA, VERRIPS CT: Recent advances in the large-scale production of antibody fragments using lower eukaryotic microorganisms. Res. Immunol. (1998) 149:589-599.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FRENKEN LG, VAN DER LINDEN RH, HERMANS PW et al.: Isolation of antigen specific llama VHH antibody fragments and their high level secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biotechnol. (2000) 78:11-21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOOSTEN V, GOUKA RJ, VAN DEN HONDEL CA et al.: Expression and production of llama variable heavy-chain antibody fragments (V(HH)s) by Aspergillus awamori. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2005) 66:384-392.
   Google Scholar