231
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pharmacotherapy for allergic contact dermatitis

&
Pages 2757-2774 | Published online: 24 Oct 2007

Bibliography

  • MYDLARSKI PR, KATZ AM, MAMELAK AJ et al.: Contact dermatitis. In: Middleton's Allergy Principles and Practice. Adkinson NF, Yunginger JW, Busse WW et al. (Eds), Mosby, Philadelphia, PA (2003):1581-1593.
  • STERN RS: Dermatologists and office-based care of dermatologic disease in the 21st century. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. (2004) 9:126–130.
  • Most prevalent skin diseases impact millions of Americans burden of skin disease study finds several diseases to be quite common Dermatology World (2005) 1:24.
  • SARIPALLI YV, ACHEN F, BELSITO DV: The detection of clinically relevant contact allergens using a standard screening tray of twenty-three allergens. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2003) 49(1):65-69.
  • AMIN S, LAUERMA A, MAIBACH H: In: Dermatotoxicology. (5th Edition). Marzulli FN, Maibach HI (Eds), Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC (1996).
  • COHEN DE, MOORE MM: Occupational skin disease. In: Environmental and Occupational Medicine. Rom WN, Markowitz SB (Eds), (4th Edition). Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA (2007):617-639.
  • FUNK JO, MAIBACH HI: Horizons in pharmacologic intervention in allergic contact dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1994) 31(6):999-1014.
  • JACOB SE, AMADO A, COHEN DE: Dermatologic surgical implications of allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatol. Surg. (2005) 31(9):1116-1123.
  • SHERERTZ EF: Allergic contact dermatitis. In: Occupational Skin Disease. Adams RM (Ed.) Saunders WB, Philadelphia, PA (1999):23-34.
  • LEVIN CY, MAIBACH HI: Do cool water or physiologic saline compresses enhance resolution of experimentally-induced irritant contact dermatitis? Contact Dermatitis (2001) 45:146-150.
  • Fisher's Contact Dermatitis. (5th Edition). Rietschel RL, Fowler JF (Eds), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia (2001):715-721.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI: Moisturizers in preventing irritant contact dermatitis: an overview. Contact Dermatitis (1998) 38:241-244.
  • LODEN M: Barrier recovery and influence of irritant stimuli in skin treated with a moisturizing cream. Contact Dermatitis (1997) 36:256-260.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI (Eds): Dermatotoxicology (6th edition). CRC Press, LLC, United States of America (2004):509-513.
  • FROSCH PJ, KURTE A, PILZ B: Biophysical techniques for the evaluation of skin protective creams. In: Noninvasive Methods for the Quantification of Skin Functions. Frosch PJ, Kligman AM (Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1993):214-222.
  • LACHAPELLE JM: Efficacy of protective creams and/or gels. In: Prevention of Contact Dermatitis. Current problem in dermatology. Basel, Karger (1996):182-192.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI: Percutaneous penetration (dermatopharmacokinetics) in evaluating barrier creams. In: Prevention of Contact Dermatitis. Current problem in dermatology. Elsner P, Lachapelle JM, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (Eds), Basel, Karger. (1996):193-205.
  • WIGGER-ALBERTI W, ELSNER P: Do barrier creams and gloves prevent or provoke contact dermatitis? Am. J. Contact Derm. (1998) 9:100-106.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI: Efficacy of barrier creams (skin protective creams). In: Cosmetics Controlled Efficacy Studies and Regulations. Elsner P, Merk HF, Maibach HI (Eds), Springer, Berlin (1999):156-166.
  • WIGGER-ALBERTI W, ELSNER P: Barrier creams and emollients. In: Handbook of Occupational Dermatology. Kanerva L, Elsner P, Wahlberg JE, Maibach HI (Eds), Springer, Berlin (2000):490-496.
  • WIGGER-ALBERTI W, ELSNER P: Protective creams. In: Cosmeceuticals Drugs vs. Cosmetics. Elsener P, Maibach HI (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York (2000):189-195.
  • MAIBACH HI, ZHAI H: Evaluations of barrier creams. In: Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed US Forces. Force Protection and Decontamination. Wartell MA, Kleinman MT, Huey BM, Duffy LM (Eds), National Academy Press, Washington, DC (2000):217-220.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI: Test for skin protection: barrier effect. In: Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. Barel AO, Maibach HI, Paye M (Eds), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York (2001):823-828.
  • ZHAI H, MAIBACH HI: Barrier creams – skin protectants: can you protect the skin? J. Cosmetic Dermatol. (2002) 1:20-23.
  • WIGGER-ALBERTI W, MARAFFIO B, WERNLI M, ELSNER P: Self application of a protective cream. Pitfalls of occupational skin protection. Arch. Dermatol. (1997) 133:861–864.
  • Department of health and human services, food and drug administration: 21 CFR Parts 310, 347, and 352. Skin protectant drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Fed. Regist. (2003) 68(107):33362-33381.
  • MATHIAS CG: Prevention of occupational contact dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1990) 23:742-748.
  • FROSCH PJ, KURTE A: Efficacy of skin barrier creams. (IV). The repetitive irritation test (RIT) with a set of 4 standard irritants. Contact Dermatitis (1994) 31:161-168.
  • SAARY J, QURESHI R, PALDA V et al.: A systematic review of contact dermatitis treatment and prevention. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2005) 53(5):845-855.
  • MARKS JG, FOWLER JF, SHERETZ EF, RIETSCHEL RL: Prevention of poison ivy and poison oak allergic contact dermatitis by quaternium-18 bentonite. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1995) 33(2 Part 1):212-216.
  • FROHNE D, PFAENDER HJ, WASSERMANN O, BISSET NG (TRANSLATOR): A colour atlas of poisonous plants. Wolfe atlases series. Timber Press, Incorporated. Germany (1984).
  • ORCHARD S, FELLMAN JH, STORRS FJ: Poison ivy/oak dermatitis: use of polyamine salts of a linoleic acid dimmer for topical prophylaxis. Arch. Dermatol. (1986) 122:783-789.
  • GREVELINK SA, MURELL DF, OLSEN EA: Effectiveness of various barrier preparations in preventing and/or ameliorating experimentally produced Toxicodendron dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1992) 27:182-188.
  • WOHRL S, KRIECHBAUMER N, HEMMER W et al.: A cream containing the chelator DTPA (diethyleletriaminepenta-acetic acid) can prevent contact allergic reactions to metals. Contact Dermatitis (2001) 44:224-228.
  • STEFFEN C: The introduction of topical corticosteroids. Skin Med. (2003) 2(5):304-305.
  • SPIES TD, STONE RE: Effect of local application of synthetic cortisone acetate on lesions of iritis and uveitis, of allergic contact dermatitis, and of psoriasis. South Med. J. (1950) 43:871-874.
  • RASMUSSEN N: Steroids in arms science, government, industry, and the hormones of the adrenal cortex in the United States 1930 – 1950. Med. Hist. (2002) 46:299-324.
  • TUCKERMANN JP, KLEIMAN A, MCPHERSON KG, REICHARDT HM: Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids in the control of inflammation and lymphocyte apoptosis. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. (2005) 42:71-104.
  • COHEN DE, HEIDARY N: Treatment of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Dermatol. Ther. (2004) 17:334-340.
  • TUCKERMANN JP, KLEIMAN A, MORIGGL R et al.: Macrophages and neutrophils are the targets for immune suppression by glucocorticoids in contact allergy. J. Clin. Invest. (2007) 117:1381-1390.
  • KORTING HC, MAIBACH HI: Topical glucocorticoids with increased benefit/risk ratio (current problems in dermatology). S Karger Publishers, USA (1993).
  • JACOB SE, STEELE T: Corticosteroid classes: a quick reference guide including patch test substances and cross-reactivity. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2006) 54(4):723-727.
  • DAVIS MDP, EL-AZHARY RA, FARMER SA: Results of patch testing to a corticosteroid series: a retrospective review of 1188 patients during 6 years at Mayo Clinic. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2007) 56(6):921-927.
  • SCHEUER E, WARSHAW E: Allergy to corticosteroids: update and review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and structural cross-reactivity. Am. J. Contact Dermatitis (2003) 14:179-187.
  • PRATT MD, BELSITO DV, DELEO VA et al.: North American contact dermatitis group patch-test results, 2001 – 2002 study period. Dermatitis (2004) 15:176-183.
  • MARLÉNE I, MAGNUS B: Contact allergen of the year: corticosteroids. Dermatitis (2005) 16:3-5.
  • COOPMAN S, DEGREEF H, DOOMS-GOOSSENS A: Identification of cross-reaction patterns in allergic contact dermatitis from topical corticosteroids. Br. J. Dermatol. (1989) 121:27-34.
  • ISAKSSON M: Corticosteroids. Dermatol. Ther. (2004) 17:314-320.
  • ISAKSSON M, BRUZE M: Corticosteroids. Dermatitis (2005) 16:3-5.
  • LEPOITTEVIN JP, DRIEGHE J, DOOMS-GOOSSENS A: Studies in patients with corticosteroid contact allergy: understanding cross-reactivity among different steroids. Arch. Dermatol. (1995) 131:31-37.
  • MATURA M, GOOSSENS A, MATURA M: Contact allergy to corticosteroids. Allergy (2000) 55:698-704.
  • OH-I T: Contact dermatitis due to topical steroids with conceivable cross reactions between topical steroid preparations. J. Dermatol. (1996) 23:200-208.
  • RIETSCHEL RL: Patch testing for cortico-steroid allergy in the United States. Arch. Dermatol. (1995) 131:91–92.
  • RIETSCHEL RL, FOWLER JF, FISHER AA (Eds): Fisher's contact dermatitis. (4th Edition). Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore (1995).
  • SCHEUER E, WARSHAW E: Allergy to corticosteroids: update and review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and structural cross-reactivity. Am. J. Contact Dermatol. (2003) 14:179-187.
  • WILKINSON SM: Corticosteroid cross-reactions: an alternative view. Contact Dermatitis (2000) 42:59-63.
  • MARKS R: Adverse side effects from the use of topical corticosteroids. In: Topical Corticosteroids. Maibach HI, Surger C (Eds), Basel, Karger (1992):170-183.
  • WALSH P, AELING JL, HUFF L, WESTON WL: Hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis suppression by superpotent topical steroids. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1993) 29(3):501-503.
  • HENGGE UR, RUZICKA T, SCHWARTZ RA, CORK MJ: Adverse effects of topical glucocorticosteroids. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2006) 54(1):1-15; quiz 16-18.
  • GEBHARD KL, MAIBACH HI: Relationship between systemic corticosteroids and osteonecrosis. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. (2001) 2(6):377-388.
  • BECKER B: The effect of topical corticosteroids in secondary glaucomas. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1964) 72:769.
  • BECKER B: Cataracts and topical corticosteroids. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (1964) 58:872.
  • BORNHOVD E, BURGDORF WH, WOLLENBERG A: Macrolactam immunomodulators for topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2001) 45:736-743.
  • LAUERMA AI, STEIN BD, HOMEY B et al.: Topical FK 506: suppression of allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in the guinea pig. Arch. Dermatol. Res. (1994) 286:337.
  • SENGOKU T, MORITA K, SAKUMA S et al.: Possible inhibitory mechanism of FK 506 (tacrolimus hydrate) ointment for atopic dermatitis based on animal models. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1999) 379:183.
  • SARIPALLI YV, GADZIA J, BELSITO D: Tacrolimus ointment 0.1% in the treatment of nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2003) 49(3):477-482.
  • LAUERMA AI, MAIBACH HI, GRANLUND H, ERKKO P, KARTAMAA M, STUBB S: Inhibition of contact allergy reactions by topical FK506. Lancet (1992) 340(8818):556.
  • BELSITO D, DAVID WILSON D, WARSHAW EM et al.: A prospective randomized clinical trial of 0.1% tacrolimus ointment in a model of chronic allergic contact dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2006) 55(1):40-46.
  • GUPTA AK, CHOW M: Pimecrolimus: a review. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. (2003) 17:500.
  • MEINGASSNER JG, FAHRNGRUBER H, BAVANDI A: Pimecrolimus inhibits the elicitation phase but does not suppress the sensitization Phase in murine contact hypersensitivity, in contrast to tacrolimus an cyclosporine A. J. Invest. Dermatol. (2003) 121:77-80.
  • BHARDWAJ S, JAIMES JP, LIU A, WARSHAW EM: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study comparing topical immunomodulating agents and corticosteroids for treatment of experimentally induced nickel contact dermatitis. Dermatitis (2007) 18(1):26-31.
  • EICHENFIELD L: Therapeutics in pediatric dermatology. Program and abstracts of the 64th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology. Symposium 325: Therapeutics Symposium. San Francisco, California (3 – 7 March 2006).
  • MYCEK MJ, HARVEY RA, CHAMPE PC: Autacoids and autacoid antagonists. In: Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology. (2nd Edition). Harvey RA, Champe PC (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA (2000).
  • SIMONS FER: Advances in H sub 1-Antihistamines. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351(21):2203-2215.
  • AKDIS CA, BLASER K: Histamine in the immune regulation of allergic inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2003) 112:15-22.
  • MACGLASHAN D Jr: Histamine: a mediator of inflammation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2003) 112(Suppl. 4):S53-S59.
  • LEURS R, CHURCH MK, TAGLIALATELA M: Hsub 1-antihistamines: inverse agonism, antiinflammatory actions and cardiac effects. Clin. Exp. Allergy (2002) 32:489-498.
  • BAKKER RA, SCHOONUS SB, SMIT MJ, TIMMERMAN H, LEURS R: Histamine Hsub 1-receptor activation of NF-κB: roles for G βγ- and Gα (q/11)-subunits in constitutive and agonist-mediated signaling. Mol. Pharmacol. (2001) 60:1133-1142.
  • SCHROEDER JT, SCHLEIMER RP, LICHTENSTEIN LM, KREUTNER W: Inhibition of cytokine generation and mediator release by human basophils treated with desloratadine. Clin. Exp. Allergy (2001) 31:1369-1377.
  • CIPRANDI G, PASSALACQUA G, CANONICA GW: Effects of H sub 1 antihistamines on adhesion molecules: a possible rationale for long-term treatment. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1999) 29(Suppl. 3):49-53.
  • SIMONS FER, SIMONS KJ: The pharmacology and use of H sub 1-receptor antagonist drugs. N. Engl. J. Med. (1994) 330:1663-1670.
  • SUGIMOTO Y, IBA Y, NAKAMURA Y, KAYASUGA R, KAMEI C: Pruritus-associated response mediated by cutaneous H sub 3 receptors. Clin. Exp. Allergy (2004) 34:456-459.
  • DANNAKER C, MAIBACH HI: Poison ivy and poison oak dermatitis. In: Plants and the Skin. Lovell CR (Ed.), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Inc., Cambridge, MA (1993):105-121.
  • STORRS FJ: Use and abuse of systemic corticosteroid therapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (1979) 1(2)95-106.
  • NESBITT LT: Minimizing complications from systemic glucocorticoid use. Dermatol. Clin. (1995) 13:925-939.
  • BEISSER S, SCHWARZ T: Mechanisms involved in ultraviolet light-induced immuosuppresion. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. (1999) 4(1):61-64.
  • SCHARZ T: Photoimmunosupression. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. (2002) 18(3):141-145.
  • SCHWARZ A, SCHWARZ T: Molecular determinants of UV-induced immunosuppresion. Exp. Dermatol. (2002) 11(Suppl. 1):9-12.
  • GARSSEN J, VANDEBRIEL RJ, VAN LOVEREN H: Molecular aspects of UVB-induced immunosupression. Arch. Toxicol. (1997) 19:97-109.
  • SCHWARZ T: Ultraviolet radiation – immune response. J. Dtsch. Dermatol. Ges. (2005) 3(Suppl. 2):11-18.
  • ROSEN K, MOBACKEN H, SWANBECK G: Chronic eczematous dermatitis of the hands. A comparison of PUVA and UVB treatment. Acta Derm. Venereol. (1987) 67:48-54.
  • SIMONS JR, BOHNEN IJ, VAN DER VALK PG: A left-right comparison of UVB phototherapy and topical photochemotherapy in bilateral chronic hand dermatitis alter 6 weeks' treatment. Clin. Exp. Derm. (1997) 22:7-10.
  • VAN WEELDEN H, VAN DER LEUN JC: Improving the effectiveness of phototherapy for psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol. (1984) 111:484.
  • EI-GHORR AA, NORVAL M, LAPPIN MB, CROSBY JC: The effect of chronic low-dose UVB radiation on langerhans cells, sunburn cells, urocanic acid isomers, contact hypersensitivity and serum immunoglobulins in mice. Photochem. Photobiol. (1995) 62:326-332.
  • EL-GHORR AA, NORVAL M: Biological effects of narrow-band (311 nm TL01) UVB irradiation: a review. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. (1997) 38:99-106.
  • MOODYCLIFFE AM, KINBER I, NORVAL M: Role of TNF-α in ultraviolet B light-induced dendritic cell migration and suppression of contact hypersensitivity. Immunology (1994) 81:79-84.
  • GILMOUR JW, VESTEY JP, GEORGE S, NORVAL M: The effect of phototherapy and urocanic acid on natural killer cell function. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1993) 101:169-174.
  • JONES CD, GUCKIAN M, EI-GHORR AA, GIBBS NK, NORVAL M: Effects of phototherapy on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and on systemic antibody responses in patients with psoriasis. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. (1996) 12(5):204-210.
  • KAZLOW STERN D, TRIPP JM, HO VC, LEBWOHL M: The use of systemic immune modulators in dermatology: an update. Dermatol. Clin. (2005) 23:259-300.
  • DUTZ J, HO V: Immunosupressive agents in skin disorders. Clin. Immunother. (1996) 5:268-293.
  • TAN BB, LEAR JT, GAWKRODGER DJ, ENGLISH JS: Azathioprine in dermatology: a survey of current practice in the UK. Br. J. Dermatol. (1997) 136:351-355.
  • SHARMA VK, CHAKRABARTI A, MAHAJAN V: Azathioprine in the treatment of parthenium dermatitis. Int. J. Dermatol. (1998) 37:299.
  • VERMA KK, BANSAL A, SETHURAMAN G: Parthenium dermatitis treated with azathioprine weekly pulse doses. Indian J. Dermatol. Venereol. Leprol. (2006) 72(1):24-27.
  • SONI BP, SHERERTZ EF: Allergic contact dermatitis from azathioprine. Am. J. Contact Dermatol. (1996) 7(2):116-117.
  • BURDEN AD, BECK MH: Contact hypersensitivity to azathioprine. Contact Dermatitis (1992) 27(5):329-330.
  • CRONSTEIN BN, NAIME D, OSTAD E: The anti-inflammatory mechanism of methotrexate. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 92:2675-2682.
  • CONSTEIN BN: Molecular therapeutics. methotrexate and its mechanism of action. Arthritis Rheum. (1996) 39:1951-1960.
  • JEFES EWB III, MCCULLOUGH JL, PITTELKOW MR et al.: Methotrexate therapy of psoriasis: differential sensitivity of proliferating lymphoid and epithelial cells to the cytotoxic and grow-inhibitory effects of methotrexate. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1995) 104:83-188.
  • QUEMENEUR L, MICHALLET MC, FERRARO-PEYRET C et al.: Immunosuppressive antimetabolites inhibit induction of contact hypersensitivity while lymphoablative drugs also prevent its expression. Eur. J. Dermatol. (2003) 13(6):540-547.
  • ALSBERG CL, BLACK OF: Contribution to the study of maize deterioration; biochemical and toxicological investigations of penicillium puberulum and penicillium stoloniferum. Bull. Burl. Anim. Ind. US Dept. Agr. (1913) 270:1-47.
  • SOLLINGER HW: From mice to man: the preclinical history of mycophenolate mofetil. Clin. Transplant. (1996) 10(1 Part 2):85-92.
  • JONES EL, EPINETTE WW, HACKNEY VC, MENENDEZ L, FROST P: Treatment of psoriasis with oral mycophenolic acid. J. Invest. Dermatol. (1975) 65(6):537-542.
  • MYDLARSKI PR: Mycophenolate mofetil: a dermatologic perspective. Skin Ther. Lett. (2005) 10(3):1-6.
  • LEE WA, GU L, MIKSZTAL AR, CHU N, LEUNG K, NELSON PH: Bioavailability improvement of mycophenolic acid through amino ester derivatization. Pharm. Res. (1990) 7(2):161-166.
  • MEHLING A, GRABBE S, VOSKORT M, SCHWARZ T, LUGER TA, BEISSERT S: Mycophenolate mofetil impairs the maturation and function of murine dendritic cells. J. Immunol. (2000) 165(5):2374-2381.
  • ALLISON AC, EUGUI EM: Purine metabolism and immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Clin. Transplant. (1996) 10(1 Part 2):77-84.
  • LIU J: FK506 and cyclosporine, molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction. Immunol. Today (1993) 14:290-295.
  • WONG RL, WINSLOW CM, COOPER KD: The mechanism of action of cycolsporin A in the treatment of psoriasis. Inmmunol. Today (1993) 14:69-74.
  • GRANDLUN H, ERKKO P, REITAMO S: Long-term follow up of eczema patients treated with cyclosporine. Acta Derm. Venereol. (1998) 78:40.
  • GRANSLUND H, ERKKO P, ERIKSSON E, REITAMO S: Comparison of cyclosporine and topical bethamethasone-17,21-dipropionate in the treatment of severe chronic hand eczema. Acta Derm. Venereol. (1996) 76:371.
  • PIGUET PF, GRAU GE, HAUSER C, VASSILI P: TNF is a critical mediator in hapten-induced irritant and contact hypersensitivity reactions. J. Exp. Med. (1991) 173:673-679.
  • LADUCA JR, GASPARI AA: Targeting TNF-α: new drugs used to modulate inflammatory diseases. Dermatol. Clin. (2001) 19:617-635.
  • PIGUET PF, GRAU GE, HAUSER C, VASSALI P: TNF is a critical mediator in hapten-induced irritant and contact hypersensitivity reactions. J. Exp. Med. (1991) 173:673-679.
  • CASSANO N, LOCONSOLE F, COVIELLO C, VENA GA: Infliximab in recalcitrant severe atopic eczema associated with contact allergy. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol. (2006) 19(1):237-240.
  • KAY AB, LESSOF MH: Allergy. Conventional and alternative concepts. A report of the royal college of physicians committee on clinical immunology and allergy. Clin. Exp. Allergy (1992) 22(Suppl. 3):1-44.
  • ZACHARIAE R, BJERRING P: Increase and decrease of delayed cutaneous reactions obtained by hypnotic suggestions during sensitization. Studies on dinitrochlorobenzene and diphenylcyclopropenone. Allergy (1993) 48(1):6-11.
  • LEWIS-JONES MS, FINLAY AY: The children's dermatology life quality index (CDLQI): initial validation and practical use. Br. J. Dermatol. (1995) 132:942-949.
  • FINLAY AY, KHAN GK: Dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Clin. Exp. Dermatol. (1994) 19:210-216.
  • COTTERILL JA, CUNLIFFE WJ: Suicide in dermatological patients. Br. J. Dermatol. (1997) 137:246-250.
  • COTTERILL JA: Dermatologic non disease. Dermatol. Clin. (1996) 14(3):439-445.
  • GUPTA MA, SCHORK NJ, GUPTA AK, KIRBY S, ELLIS CN: Suicidal ideation in psoriasis. Int. J. Dermatol. (1993) 32:188-190.
  • BILKIS MR, MARK KA: Mind-body medicine: practical applications in dermatology. Arch. Dermatol. (1998) 134:1437-1441.
  • US GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE (GAO) – TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT: EPA's limited progress in regulating toxic chemicals, T-RCED-94-212 (17 May 1994).
  • SCALF LA, GENEBRIERA J, DAVIS MDP, FARMER SA, YIANNIAS JA: Patients' perception of the usefulness and outcome of patch testing. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. (2006) 56(6):928-932.
  • CAPERTON C, JACOB SE: Improving post-patch-test educaion with the contact allergen replacement database. Dermatitis (2007) 18(2):101-102.
  • KIST JM, EL-AZHARY RA, HENZ JG, YIANNIAS JA: The contact allergen replacement database and treatment of allergic contact dermatitis. Arch. Dermatol. (2004) 140:1448-1450.
  • AMIN KA, BELSITO DV: The aetiology of eyelid dermatitis: a 10-year retrospective analysis. Contact Dermatitis (2006) 55(5):280–285.
  • JACOB SE, STECHSCHULTE S: Eyelid dermatitis associated with balsam of peru constituents: benzoic acid and benzyl alcohol. Contact Dermatitis (2007) (In Press).
  • JACOB SE: Cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion – a novel therapy for benzyl alcohol-associated eyelid dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis (2007) (In Press).
  • GABARD B, ELSNER P, SURBER C, TREFFEL P: Dermatopharmacology of topical preparations: a product development-oriented approach. Springer Verlag, Berlin (2000).
  • WARSHAW EM: Therapeutic options for chronic hand dermatitis. Dermatol. Ther. (2004) 17:240-250.
  • TAMURA T, MATSUBARA M, HASEGAWA K, OHMORI K, KARASAWA A: Olopatadine hydrochloride suppresses the rebound phenomenon after discontinuation of treatment with a topical steroid in mice with chronic contact hypersensitivity. Clin. Exp. Allergy (2005) 35(1):97-103.

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.