234
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Pharmacological interventions and concepts of fast-track perioperative medical care for enhanced recovery programs

, MD PhD MBA, , MD, , MD, , MD & , MD PhD
Pages 1541-1564 | Published online: 02 Jun 2008

Bibliography

  • Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von MM, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr 2005;24:466-77
  • Quasha AL, Loeber N, Feeley TW, et al. Postoperative respiratory care: a controlled trial of early and late extubation following coronary-artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology 1980;52:135-41
  • Van Mastrigt GA, Heijmans J, Severens JL, et al. Short-stay intensive care after coronary artery bypass surgery: randomized clinical trial on safety and cost-effectiveness. Crit Care Med 2006;34:65-75
  • Van Mastrigt GA, Maessen JG, Heijmans J, et al. Does fast-track treatment lead to a decrease of intensive care unit and hospital length of stay in coronary artery bypass patients? A meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1624-34
  • Hemmerling TM, Le N, Olivier JF, et al. Immediate extubation after aortic valve surgery using high thoracic epidural analgesia or opioid-based analgesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;19:176-81
  • Hemmerling TM, Noiseux N, Basile F, et al. Awake cardiac surgery using a novel anesthetic technique. Can J Anaesth 2005;52:1088-92
  • Recart A, Duchene D, White PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of fast-track recovery strategy for patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy. J Endourol 2005;19:1165-9
  • Biancofiore G, Bindi ML, Romanelli AM, et al. Fast track in liver transplantation: 5 years' experience. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005;22:584-90
  • Husted H, Holm G. Fast track in total hip and knee arthroplasty: experiences from Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark. Injury 2006;37(Suppl 5):S31-5
  • Holte K, Kristensen BB, Valentiner L, et al. Liberal versus restrictive fluid management in knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study. Anesth Analg 2007;105:465-74
  • Callesen T, Bech K, Kehlet H. The feasibility, safety and cost of infiltration anaesthesia for hernia repair. Hvidovre Hospital Hernia Group. Anaesthesia 1998;53:31-5
  • Kark AE, Kurzer MN, Belsham PA. Three thousand one hundred seventy-five primary inguinal hernia repairs: advantages of ambulatory open mesh repair using local anesthesia. J Am Coll Surg 1998;186:447-55
  • Basse L, Hjort JD, Billesbolle P, et al. A clinical pathway to accelerate recovery after colonic resection. Ann Surg 2000;232:51-7
  • Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P, Kehlet H. Rapid rehabilitation in elderly patients after laparoscopic colonic resection. Br J Surg 2000;87:1540-5
  • Moller C, Kehlet H, Friland SG, et al. Fast track hysterectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;98:18-22
  • Ottesen M, Sorensen M, Rasmussen Y, et al. Fast track vaginal surgery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002;81:138-46
  • Grewal H, Sweat J, Vazquez WD. Laparoscopic appendectomy in children can be done as a fast-track or same-day surgery. JSLS 2004;8:151-4
  • Reismann M, Von KM, Laupichler B, et al. Fast-track surgery in infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 2007;42:234-8
  • Firoozfard B, Christensen T, Kristensen JK, et al. Fast-track open transperitoneal nephrectomy. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2003;37:305-8
  • Coveney E, Weltz CR, Greengrass R, et al. Use of paravertebral block anesthesia in the surgical management of breast cancer: experience in 156 cases. Ann Surg 1998;227:496-501
  • Warren JL, Riley GF, Potosky AL, et al. Trends and outcomes of outpatient mastectomy in elderly women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:833-40
  • Ferrante J, Gonzalez E, Pal N, Roetzheim R. The use and outcomes of outpatient mastectomy in Florida. Am J Surg 2000;179:253-9
  • Bundred N, Maguire P, Reynolds J, et al. Randomised controlled trial of effects of early discharge after surgery for breast cancer. Br Med J 1998;317:1275-9
  • Fanelli G, Berti M, Casati A. Fast-track anaesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, multicentre, blind comparison of desflurane-remifentanil or sevoflurane-remifentanil. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006;23:861-8
  • Bueno LJ, Planells RM, Arnau BC, et al. Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a new gold standard for cholecystectomy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006;98:14-24
  • Leeder PC, Matthews T, Krzeminska K, Dehn TC. Routine day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2004;91:312-6
  • Mjaland O, Raeder J, Aasboe V, et al. Outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1997;84:958-61
  • Voitk AJ. Establishing outpatient cholecystectomy as a hospital routine. Can J Surg 1997;40:284-8
  • Seale AK, Ledet WP Jr. Minicholecystectomy: a safe, cost-effective day surgery procedure. Arch Surg 1999;134:308-10
  • Brustia P, Renghi A, Fassiola A, et al. Fast-track approach in abdominal aortic surgery: left subcostal incision with blended anesthesia. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2007;6:60-4
  • Murphy MA, Richards T, Atkinson C, et al. Fast track open aortic surgery: reduced post operative stay with a goal directed pathway. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;34:274-8
  • Mukherjee D. ‘Fast-track’ abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;37:329-34
  • Podore PC, Throop EB. Infrarenal aortic surgery with a 3-day hospital stay: a report on success with a clinical pathway. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:787-92
  • Gill IS, Hobart MG, Schweizer D, Bravo EL. Outpatient adrenalectomy. J Urol 2000;163:717-20
  • Trondsen E, Mjaland O, Raeder J, Buanes T. Day-case laparoscopic fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Br J Surg 2000;87:1708-11
  • Collier PE. Are one-day admissions for carotid endarterectomy feasible? Am J Surg 1995;170:140-3
  • Bourke BM, Crimmins DC. Overnight hospital stay for carotid endarterectomy. Med J Aust 1998;168:157-60
  • Kaufman JL, Frank D, Rhee SW, et al. Feasibility and safety of 1-day postoperative hospitalization for carotid endarterectomy. Arch Surg 1996;131:751-5
  • Preventza O, Hui HZ, Hramiec J. Fast track video-assisted thoracic surgery. Am Surg 2002;68:309-11
  • Tovar EA, Roethe RA, Weissig MD, et al. One-day admission for lung lobectomy: an incidental result of a clinical pathway. Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65:803-6
  • Kirsh EJ, Worwag EM, Sinner M, Chodak GW. Using outcome data and patient satisfaction surveys to develop policies regarding minimum length of hospitalization after radical prostatectomy. Urology 2000;56:101-6
  • Kuo PC, Johnson LB, Sitzmann JV. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy with a 23-hour stay: a new standard for transplantation surgery. Ann Surg 2000;231:772-9
  • Collier PE. Do clinical pathways for major vascular surgery improve outcomes and reduce cost? J Vasc Surg 1997;26:179-85
  • Wilmore DW, Kehlet H. Management of patients in fast track surgery. Br Med J 2001;322:473-6
  • Newman S, Stygall J, Hirani S, et al. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction after noncardiac surgery: a systematic review. Anesthesiology 2007;106:572-90
  • Pavlin DJ, Chen C, Penaloza DA, Buckley FP. A survey of pain and other symptoms that affect the recovery process after discharge from an ambulatory surgery unit. J Clin Anesth 2004;16:200-6
  • Pavlin DJ, Chen C, Penaloza DA, et al. Pain as a factor complicating recovery and discharge after ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 2002;95:627-34
  • Pavlin DJ, Rapp SE, Polissar NL, et al. Factors affecting discharge time in adult outpatients. Anesth Analg 1998;87:816-26
  • Edler AA, Mariano ER, Golianu B, et al. An analysis of factors influencing postanesthesia recovery after pediatric ambulatory tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Anesth Analg 2007;104:784-9
  • Coyle TT, Helfrick JF, Gonzalez ML, et al. Office-based ambulatory anesthesia: factors that influence patient satisfaction or dissatisfaction with deep sedation/general anesthesia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63:163-72
  • Smith AF, Pittaway AJ. Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003:CD002192
  • Van Vlymen JM, Sa Rego MM, White PF. Benzodiazepine premedication: can it improve outcome in patients undergoing breast biopsy procedures? Anesthesiology 1999;90:740-7
  • Stevens RD, Burri H, Tramèr MR. Pharmacologic myocardial protection in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2003;97:623-33
  • Devereaux PJ, Beattie WS, Choi PT, et al. How strong is the evidence for the use of perioperative beta blockers in non-cardiac surgery? Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br Med J 2005;331:313-21
  • Lindenauer PK, Pekow P, Wang K, et al. Perioperative beta-blocker therapy and mortality after major noncardiac surgery. N Engl J Med 2005;353:349-61
  • Redelmeier D, Scales D, Kopp A. Beta blockers for elective surgery in elderly patients: population based, retrospective cohort study. Br Med J 2005;331:932
  • Groban L, Butterworth J. Perioperative management of chronic heart failure. Anesth Analg 2006;103:557-75
  • Schirmer U, Schurmann W. Preoperative administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Anaesthesist 2007;56:557-61
  • Duncan AI, Koch CG, Xu M, et al. Recent metformin ingestion does not increase in-hospital morbidity or mortality after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2007;104:42-50
  • Van Den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1359-67
  • Guenaga KF, Matos D, Castro AA, et al. Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;CD001544
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures. A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology 1999;90:896-905
  • Maltby JR, Pytka S, Watson NC, et al. Drinking 300 mL of clear fluid two hours before surgery has no effect on gastric fluid volume and pH in fasting and non-fasting obese patients. Can J Anaesth 2004;51:111-5
  • Spies CD, Breuer JP, Gust R, et al. Preoperative fasting: an update. Anaesthesist 2003;52:1039-45
  • Eriksson LI, Sandin R. Fasting guidelines in different countries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996;40:971-4
  • Brandstrup B, Tonnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, et al. Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens. A randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg 2003;238:641-8
  • Lobo DN, Dube MG, Neal KR, et al. Peri-operative fluid and electrolyte management: a survey of consultant surgeons in the UK. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2002;84:156-60
  • Gan TJ, Soppitt A, Maroof M, et al. Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery. Anesthesiology 2002;97:820-6
  • Boldt J. Fluid management of patients undergoing abdominal surgery: more questions than answers. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006;23:631-40
  • Soop M, Carlson GL, Hopkinson J, et al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of immediate enteral nutrition on metabolic responses to major colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery protocol. Br J Surg 2004;91:1138-45
  • Soop M, Nygren J, Thorell A, et al. Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery. Clin Nutr 2004;23:733-41
  • Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A. Modulation of post-operative insulin resistance by pre-operative carbohydrate loading. Proc Nutr Soc 2002;61:329-36
  • Hausel J, Nygren J, Lagerkranser M, et al. A carbohydrate-rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients. Anesth Analg 2001;93:1344-50
  • Crowe PJ, Dennison A, Royle GT. The effect of pre-operative glucose loading on postoperative nitrogen metabolism. Br J Surg 1984;71:635-7
  • Henriksen MG, Hessov I, Dela F, et al. Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrates and peptides on postoperative endocrine response, mobilization, nutrition and muscle function in abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003;47:191-9
  • Yuill KA, Richardson RA, Davidson HI, et al. The administration of an oral carbohydrate-containing fluid prior to major elective upper-gastrointestinal surgery preserves skeletal muscle mass postoperatively: a randomised clinical trial. Clin Nutr 2005;24:32-7
  • Bisgaard T, Kristiansen VB, Hjortso NC, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing an oral carbohydrate beverage with placebo before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 2004;91:151-8
  • Noblett SE, Watson DS, Huong H, et al. Pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading in colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2006;8:563-9
  • Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A, et al. Preoperative nutrition: elective surgery in the fed or the overnight fasted state. Clin Nutr 2001;20(Suppl 1):167-71
  • Mcalister FA, Majumdar SR, Blitz S, et al. The relation between hyperglycemia and outcomes in 2,471 patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. Diabetes Care 2005;28:810-5
  • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intraoperative hyperglycemia and perioperative outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:862-6
  • Ouattara A, Lecomte P, Le MY, et al. Poor intraoperative blood glucose control is associated with a worsened hospital outcome after cardiac surgery in diabetic patients. Anesthesiology 2005;103:687-94
  • Lazar HL, Chipkin SR, Fitzgerald CA, et al. Tight glycemic control in diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients improves perioperative outcomes and decreases recurrent ischemic events. Circulation 2004;109:1497-502
  • Gandhi GY, Nuttall GA, Abel MD, et al. Intensive intraoperative insulin therapy versus conventional glucose management during cardiac surgery: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:233-43
  • Van Den Berghe G. Does tight blood glucose control during cardiac surgery improve patient outcome? Ann Intern Med 2007;146:307-8
  • Polderman KH, Girbes AR. Intensive insulin therapy: of harm and health, of hypes and hypoglycemia. Crit Care Med 2006;34:246-8
  • Van Den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Milants I, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in mixed medical/surgical intensive care units: benefit versus harm. Diabetes 2006;55:3151-9
  • White PF, Kehlet H, Neal JM, et al. The role of the anesthesiologist in fast-track surgery: from multimodal analgesia to perioperative medical care. Anesth Analg 2007;104:1380-96
  • Groudine SB, Fisher HA, Kaufman RP, et al. Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 1998;86:235-9
  • Koppert W, Weigand M, Neumann F, et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 2004;98:1050-5
  • Kaba A, Laurent SR, Detroz BJ, et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion facilitates acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy. Anesthesiology 2007;106:11-8
  • Herroeder S, Pecher S, Schonherr ME, et al. Systemic lidocaine shortens length of hospital stay after colorectal surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 2007;246:192-200
  • Hollmann MW, Strumper D, Durieux ME. The poor man's epidural: systemic local anesthetics for improving postoperative outcomes. Med Hypotheses 2004;63:386-9
  • White PF, Eng M. Fast-track anesthetic techniques for ambulatory surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007;20:545-57
  • De Baerdemaeker LE, Struys MM, Jacobs S, et al. Optimization of desflurane administration in morbidly obese patients: a comparison with sevoflurane using an ‘inhalation bolus’ technique. Br J Anaesth 2003;91:638-50
  • La Colla L, Albertin A, La Colla G, Mangano A. Faster wash-out and recovery for desflurane vs sevoflurane in morbidly obese patients when no premedication is used. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:353-8
  • Wilhelm W, Schlaich N, Harrer J, et al. Recovery and neurological examination after remifentanil-desflurane or fentanyl-desflurane anaesthesia for carotid artery surgery. Br J Anaesth 2001;86:44-9
  • Picard P, Tramèr MR. Prevention of pain on injection with propofol: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2000;90:963-9
  • Iohom G, Ni CM, O'brien JK, et al. An investigation of potential genetic determinants of propofol requirements and recovery from anaesthesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007;24:912-9
  • Kreuer S, Biedler A, Larsen R, et al. Narcotrend monitoring allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003;99:34-41
  • Mayer J, Boldt J, Schellhaass A, et al. Bispectral index-guided general anesthesia in combination with thoracic epidural analgesia reduces recovery time in fast-track colon surgery. Anesth Analg 2007;104:1145-9
  • Ahlen K, Buckley CJ, Goodale DB, Pulsford AH. The ‘propofol infusion syndrome’: the facts, their interpretation and implications for patient care. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006;23:990-8
  • Solt K, Forman SA. Correlating the clinical actions and molecular mechanisms of general anesthetics. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007;20:300-6
  • Franks NP. Molecular targets underlying general anaesthesia. Br J Pharmacol 2006;147(Suppl 1):S72-81
  • Lundy JB, Slane ML, Frizzi JD. Acute adrenal insufficiency after a single dose of etomidate. J Intensive Care Med 2007;22:111-7
  • Song D, Joshi GP, White PF. Fast-track eligibility after ambulatory anesthesia: a comparison of desflurane, sevoflurane, and propofol. Anesth Analg 1998;86:267-73
  • Eger EI. New inhaled anesthetics. Anesthesiology 1994;80:906-22
  • Mckay RE, Bostrom A, Balea MC, Mckay WR. Airway responses during desflurane versus sevoflurane administration via a laryngeal mask airway in smokers. Anesth Analg 2006;103:1147-54
  • Eshima RW, Maurer A, King T, et al. A comparison of airway responses during desflurane and sevoflurane administration via a laryngeal mask airway for maintenance of anesthesia [table]. Anesth Analg 2003;96:701-5
  • Terriet MF, Desouza GJ, Jacobs JS, et al. Which is most pungent: isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane? Br J Anaesth 2000;85:305-7
  • Kranke P, Schuster F, Eberhart LH. Recent advances, trends and economic considerations in the risk assessment, prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007;8:3217-35
  • Patel SS, Spencer CM. Remifentanil. Drugs 1996;52:417-27
  • Wilhelm W, Wrobel M, Kreuer S, Larsen R. Remifentanil. An update. Anaesthesist 2003;52:473-94
  • Egan TD. Remifentanil pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A preliminary appraisal. Clin Pharmacokinet 1995;29:80-94
  • Royston D. Patient selection and anesthetic management for early extubation and hospital discharge: CABG. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1998;12:11-9
  • Lison S, Schill M, Conzen P. Fast-track cardiac anesthesia: efficacy and safety of remifentanil versus sufentanil. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007;21:35-40
  • Turker G, Goren S, Sahin S, et al. Combination of intrathecal morphine and remifentanil infusion for fast-track anesthesia in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;19:708-13
  • Lena P, Balarac N, Arnulf JJ, et al. Fast-track coronary artery bypass grafting surgery under general anesthesia with remifentanil and spinal analgesia with morphine and clonidine. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;19:49-53
  • Bowler I, Djaiani G, Abel R, et al. A combination of intrathecal morphine and remifentanil anesthesia for fast-track cardiac anesthesia and surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:709-14
  • Zarate E, Latham P, White PF, et al. Fast-track cardiac anesthesia: use of remifentanil combined with intrathecal morphine as an alternative to sufentanil during desflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2000;91:283-7
  • Combes X, Andriamifidy L, Dufresne E, et al. Comparison of two induction regimens using or not using muscle relaxant: impact on postoperative upper airway discomfort. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:276-81
  • Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Vender JS, et al. The use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in adult cardiac surgery: results of a national postal survey. Anesth Analg 2002;95:1534-9
  • Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Marymont JH, et al. Impact of shorter-acting neuromuscular blocking agents on fast-track recovery of the cardiac surgical patient. Anesthesiology 2002;96:600-6
  • Gueret G, Rossignol B, Kiss G, et al. Is muscle relaxant necessary for cardiac surgery? Anesth Analg 2004;99:1330-3
  • Sparr HJ, Beaufort TM, Fuchs-Buder T. Newer neuromuscular blocking agents: how do they compare with established agents? Drugs 2001;61:919-42
  • Maybauer DM, Geldner G, Blobner M, et al. Incidence and duration of residual paralysis at the end of surgery after multiple administrations of cisatracurium and rocuronium. Anaesthesia 2007;62:12-7
  • Nicholson WT, Sprung J, Jankowski CJ. Sugammadex: a novel agent for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27:1181-8
  • Berg H, Roed J, Viby-Mogensen J, et al. Residual neuromuscular block is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications. A prospective, randomised, and blinded study of postoperative pulmonary complications after atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997;41:1095-103
  • Tramèr MR, Fuchs-Buder T. Omitting antagonism of neuromuscular block: effect on postoperative nausea and vomiting and risk of residual paralysis. A systematic review. Br J Anaesth 1999;82:379-86
  • Cheng CR, Sessler DI, Apfel CC. Does neostigmine administration produce a clinically important increase in postoperative nausea and vomiting? Anesth Analg 2005;101:1349-55
  • Gan TJ, Meyer TA, Apfel CC, et al. Society for ambulatory anesthesia guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2007;105:1615-28
  • Apfel CC, Kranke P, Katz MH, et al. Volatile anaesthetics may be the main cause of early but not delayed postoperative vomiting: a randomized controlled trial of factorial design. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:659-68
  • Gold BS, Kitz DS, Lecky JH, Neuhaus JM. Unanticipated admission to the hospital following ambulatory surgery. J Am Med Assoc 1989;262:3008-10
  • Apfel CC, Roewer N. Risk assessment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2003;41:13-32
  • Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Gan TJ, et al. Algorithms for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: an efficacy and efficiency simulation. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2007;24:856-67
  • Jensen K, Kehlet H, Lund CM. Post-operative recovery profile after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective, observational study of a multimodal anaesthetic regime. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:464-71
  • Rüsch D, Arndt C, Martin H, Kranke P. The addition of dexamethasone to dolasetron or haloperidol for treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia 2007;62:810-7
  • Mattila K, Toivonen J, Janhunen L, et al. Postdischarge symptoms after ambulatory surgery: first-week incidence, intensity, and risk factors. Anesth Analg 2005;101:1643-50
  • Perkins FM, Kehlet H. Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery. A review of predictive factors. Anesthesiology 2000;93:1123-33
  • PubMed ‘Clinical Queries’. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query/static/clinical.shtml
  • Woolf CJ. Generation of acute pain: central mechanisms. Br Med Bull 1991;47:523-33
  • Moiniche S, Kehlet H, Dahl JB. A qualitative and quantitative systematic review of preemptive analgesia for postoperative pain relief: the role of timing of analgesia. Anesthesiology 2002;96:725-41
  • Ong CK, Lirk P, Seymour RA, Jenkins BJ. The efficacy of preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain management: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 2005;100:757-73
  • Jorgensen H, Wetterslev J, Moiniche S, Dahl JB. Epidural local anaesthetics versus opioid-based analgesic regimens on postoperative gastrointestinal paralysis, PONV and pain after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000:CD001893
  • Rygnestad T, Borchgrevink PC, Eide E. Postoperative epidural infusion of morphine and bupivacaine is safe on surgical wards. Organisation of the treatment, effects and side-effects in 2000 consecutive patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997;41:868-76
  • Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Wang RD, Enneking FK. Continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block for postoperative pain control at home: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology 2002;97:959-65
  • Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Enneking FK. Continuous infraclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative pain control at home: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology 2002;96:1297-304
  • Liu SS, Strodtbeck WM, Richman JM, Wu CL. A comparison of regional versus general anesthesia for ambulatory anesthesia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg 2005;101:1634-42
  • Moiniche S, Mikkelsen S, Wetterslev J, Dahl JB. A qualitative systematic review of incisional local anaesthesia for postoperative pain relief after abdominal operations. Br J Anaesth 1998;81:377-83
  • White PF, Rawal S, Latham P, et al. Use of a continuous local anesthetic infusion for pain management after median sternotomy. Anesthesiology 2003;99:918-23
  • Gupta A, Thorn SE, Axelsson K, et al. Postoperative pain relief using intermittent injections of 0.5% ropivacaine through a catheter after laparoscopic cholecystectomy [table]. Anesth Analg 2002;95:450-6
  • Gupta A. Local anaesthesia for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2005;19:275-92
  • Schumann R, Shikora S, Weiss JM, et al. A comparison of multimodal perioperative analgesia to epidural pain management after gastric bypass surgery. Anesth Analg 2003;96:469-74
  • Moiniche S, Jorgensen H, Wetterslev J, Dahl JB. Local anesthetic infiltration for postoperative pain relief after laparoscopy: a qualitative and quantitative systematic review of intraperitoneal, port-site infiltration and mesosalpinx block. Anesth Analg 2000;90:899-912
  • Walder B, Schafer M, Henzi I, Tramer MR. Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled opioid analgesia for acute postoperative pain. A quantitative systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45:795-804
  • Romsing J, Moiniche S, Dahl JB. Rectal and parenteral paracetamol, and paracetamol in combination with NSAIDs, for postoperative analgesia. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:215-26
  • Hyllested M, Jones S, Pedersen JL, Kehlet H. Comparative effect of paracetamol, NSAIDs or their combination in postoperative pain management: a qualitative review. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:199-214
  • Lange H, Kranke P, Steffen P, et al. Combined analgesics for postoperative pain therapy: review of effectivity and side-effects. Anaesthetist 2007;56:1001-16
  • Barden J, Edwards JE, Mcquay HJ, Moore RA. Oral valdecoxib and injected parecoxib for acute postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review. BMC Anesthesiol 2003;3:1
  • Barton SF, Langeland FF, Snabes MC, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous parecoxib sodium in relieving acute postoperative pain following gynecologic laparotomy surgery. Anesthesiology 2002;97:306-14
  • Barden J, Edwards JE, Mcquay HJ, Moore RA. Single-dose rofecoxib for acute postoperative pain in adults: a quantitative systematic review. BMC Anesthesiol 2002;2:4
  • Kranke P, Morin AM, Roewer N, Eberhart LH. Patients' global evaluation of analgesia and safety of injected parecoxib for postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review [table]. Anesth Analg 2004;99:797-806
  • Lange H, Eberhart L. Cardiovascular toxicity of selective COX-2-inhibitors and classical NSAIDs. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2007;42:514-7
  • Munsterhjelm E, Niemi TT, Ylikorkala O, et al. Influence on platelet aggregation of i.v. parecoxib and acetaminophen in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2006;97:226-31
  • Rostom A, Muir K, Dube C, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a Cochrane Collaboration systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:818-28
  • Cardwell M, Siviter G, Smith A. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;CD003591
  • Krishna S, Hughes LF, Lin SY. Postoperative hemorrhage with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use after tonsillectomy: a meta-analysis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129:1086-9
  • Moiniche S, Romsing J, Dahl JB, Tramer MR. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the risk of operative site bleeding after tonsillectomy: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 2003;96:68-77
  • Kehlet H. Postoperative opioid sparing to hasten recovery: what are the issues? Anesthesiology 2005;102:1083-5
  • White PF. The changing role of non-opioid analgesic techniques in the management of postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 2005;101:S5-22
  • Aldrete JA. The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth 1995;7:89-91
  • Aldrete JA, Kroulik D. A postanesthetic recovery score. Anesth Analg 1970;49:924-34
  • Myles PS, Hunt JO, Nightingale CE, et al. Development and psychometric testing of a quality of recovery score after general anesthesia and surgery in adults. Anesth Analg 1999;88:83-90
  • Lobo DN, Bostock KA, Neal KR, et al. Effect of salt and water balance on recovery of gastrointestinal function after elective colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;359:1812-8
  • Moretti EW, Robertson KM, El-Moalem H, Gan TJ. Intraoperative colloid administration reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting and improves postoperative outcomes compared with crystalloid administration. Anesth Analg 2003;96:611-7
  • Holte K, Klarskov B, Christensen DS, et al. Liberal versus restrictive fluid administration to improve recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind study. Ann Surg 2004;240:892-9
  • Nisanevich V, Felsenstein I, Almogy G, et al. Effect of intraoperative fluid management on outcome after intraabdominal surgery. Anesthesiology 2005;103:25-32
  • Maharaj CH, Kallam SR, Malik A, et al. Preoperative intravenous fluid therapy decreases postoperative nausea and pain in high risk patients. Anesth Analg 2005;100:675-82
  • Kabon B, Akca O, Taguchi A, et al. Supplemental intravenous crystalloid administration does not reduce the risk of surgical wound infection. Anesth Analg 2005;101:1546-53
  • Holte K, Foss NB, Andersen J, et al. Liberal or restrictive fluid administration in fast-track colonic surgery: a randomized, double-blind study. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:500-8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.