485
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluations

Treatment of primary Sjögren's syndrome with anti-CD20 therapy (rituximab). A feasible approach or just a starting point?

, MD, , MD DMD PhD, , MD PhD, , PhD & , MD PhD
Pages 1381-1394 | Published online: 07 Aug 2011

Bibliography

  • Fox RI. Sjogren's syndrome. Lancet 2005;366:321-31
  • Meijer JM, Meiners PM, Huddleston Slater JJ, Health-related quality of life, employment and disability in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatology 2009;48:1077-82
  • Hansen A, Lipsky PE, Dorner T. New concepts in the pathogenesis of Sjogren syndrome: many questions, fewer answers. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2003;15:563-70
  • Varin MM, Le Pottier L, Youinou P, B-cell tolerance breakdown in Sjogren's syndrome: focus on BAFF. Autoimmun Rev 2010;9:604-8
  • Baimpa E, Dahabreh IJ, Voulgarelis M, Moutsopoulos HM. Hematologic manifestations and predictors of lymphoma development in primary Sjogren syndrome: clinical and pathophysiologic aspects. Medicine 2009;88:284-93
  • Kassan SS, Thomas TL, Moutsopoulos HM, Increased risk of lymphoma in sicca syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:888-92
  • Engel P, Gomez-Puerta JA, Ramos-Casals M, Therapeutic targeting of B cells for rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Pharmacol Rev 2011;63:127-56
  • Anolik JH, Looney RJ, Lund FE, Insights into the heterogeneity of human B cells: diverse functions, roles in autoimmunity, and use as therapeutic targets. Immunol Res 2009;45:144-58
  • Ramos-Casals M, Tzioufas AG, Stone JH, Treatment of primary Sjogren syndrome: a systematic review. JAMA 2010;304:452-60
  • Vissink A, Kallenberg CG, Bootsma H. Treatment approaches in primary Sjogren syndrome. JAMA 2010;304:2015-16
  • Kallenberg CGM, Vissink A, Kroese FGM, What have we learned from clinical trials in primary Sjogren's syndrome about pathogenesis? Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:205
  • Mariette X, Ravaud P, Steinfeld S, Inefficacy of infliximab in primary Sjogren's syndrome: results of the randomized, controlled Trial of Remicade in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome (TRIPSS). Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1270-6
  • Pijpe J, Meijer JM, Bootsma H, Clinical and histologic evidence of salivary gland restoration supports the efficacy of rituximab treatment in Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:3251-6
  • Tedder TF, Forsgren A, Boyd AW, Antibodies reactive with the B1 molecule inhibit cell cycle progression but not activation of human B lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1986;16:881-7
  • Tedder TF, Boyd AW, Freedman AS, The B cell surface molecule B1 is functionally linked with B cell activation and differentiation. J Immunol 1985;135:973-9
  • Kuijpers TW, Bende RJ, Baars PA, CD20 deficiency in humans results in impaired T cell-independent antibody responses. J Clin Invest 2010;120:214-22
  • Keating GM. Rituximab: a review of its use in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, low-grade or follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Drugs 2010;70:1445-76
  • Goy A, Kahl B. Mantle cell lymphoma: The promise of new treatment options. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2010.09.003
  • McLaughlin P, Grillo-Lopez AJ, Link BK, Rituximab chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy for relapsed indolent lymphoma: half of patients respond to a four-dose treatment program. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:2825-33
  • Saini KS, Azim HA Jr, Cocorocchio E, Rituximab in Hodgkin lymphoma: Is the target always a hit? Cancer Treat Rev 2011;37:385-90
  • Vo AA, Lukovsky M, Toyoda M, Rituximab and intravenous immune globulin for desensitization during renal transplantation. N Engl J Med 2008;359:242-51
  • Mease PJ, Cohen S, Gaylis NB, Efficacy and safety of retreatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with previous inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: results from the SUNRISE trial. J Rheumatol 2010;37:917-27
  • Tak PP, Rigby WF, Rubbert-Roth A, Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGE trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2011;70:39-46
  • Finckh A, Ciurea A, Brulhart L, B cell depletion may be more effective than switching to an alternative anti-tumor necrosis factor agent in rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1417-23
  • Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:2793-806
  • Emery P, Fleischmann R, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A, The efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment: results of a Phase IIB randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:1390-400
  • Edwards JC, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J, Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2572-81
  • Looney RJ, Anolik JH, Campbell D, B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: a Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2580-9
  • Furie RA, Looney RJ, Rovin B, Efficacy and safety of rituximab in subjects with active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN): results from the randomized, double-blind Phase III LUNAR study [abstract no. 1149]. American College of Rheumatology National Meeting 2009. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(Suppl 10):1149
  • Merrill JT, Neuwelt CM, Wallace DJ, Efficacy and safety of rituximab in moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: the randomized, double-blind, Phase II/III systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:222-33
  • Lovric S, Erdbruegger U, Kumpers P, Rituximab as rescue therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a single-centre experience with 15 patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:179-85
  • Brihaye B, Aouba A, Pagnoux C, Adjunction of rituximab to steroids and immunosuppressants for refractory/relapsing Wegener's granulomatosis: a study on 8 patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2007;25:S23-7
  • Eriksson P. Nine patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis successfully treated with rituximab. J Intern Med 2005;257:540-8
  • Stasi R, Stipa E, Del Poeta G, Long-term observation of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:1432-6
  • Keogh KA, Ytterberg SR, Fervenza FC, Rituximab for refractory Wegener's granulomatosis: report of a prospective, open-label pilot trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;173:180-7
  • Jones RB, Tervaert JW, Hauser T, Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in ANCA-associated renal vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2010;363:211-20
  • Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med 2010;363:221-32
  • Gottenberg JE, Guillevin L, Lambotte O, Tolerance and short term efficacy of rituximab in 43 patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:913-20
  • Pijpe J, van Imhoff GW, Vissink A, Changes in salivary gland immunohistology and function after rituximab monotherapy in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and associated MALT lymphoma. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:958-60
  • Somer BG, Tsai DE, Downs L, Improvement in Sjogren's syndrome following therapy with rituximab for marginal zone lymphoma. Arthritis Rheum 2003;49:394-8
  • Pijpe J, van Imhoff GW, Spijkervet FK, Rituximab treatment in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: an open-label Phase II study. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:2740-50
  • Hiepe F, Dorner T, Hauser AE, Long-lived autoreactive plasma cells drive persistent autoimmune inflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2011;7:170-8
  • Meijer JM, Pijpe J, Vissink A, Treatment of primary Sjogren syndrome with rituximab: extended follow-up, safety and efficacy of retreatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:284-5
  • Seror R, Sordet C, Guillevin L, Tolerance and efficacy of rituximab and changes in serum B cell biomarkers in patients with systemic complications of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:351-7
  • Galarza C, Valencia D, Tobon GJ, Should rituximab be considered as the first-choice treatment for severe autoimmune rheumatic diseases? Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008;34:124-8
  • Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Hernandez FJ, de Ramon E, Off-label use of rituximab in 196 patients with severe, refractory systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010;28:468-76
  • Devauchelle-Pensec V, Pennec Y, Morvan J, Improvement of Sjogren's syndrome after two infusions of rituximab (anti-CD20). Arthritis Rheum 2007;57:310-17
  • Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Morvan J, Ultrasound assessment of salivary glands in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome treated with rituximab: quantitative and Doppler waveform analysis. Biologics 2007;1:311-19
  • Pijpe J, Kalk WW, Bootsma H, Progression of salivary gland dysfunction in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:107-12
  • Dass S, Bowman SJ, Vital EM, Reduction of fatigue in Sjogren's syndrome with rituximab: results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1541-4
  • Meijer JM, Meiners PM, Vissink A, Effectiveness of rituximab treatment in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:960-8
  • University Hospital, Brest. Tolerance and Efficacy of Rituximab in Sjogren's Disease. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00740948 Avialable from http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00740948
  • Abdulahad WH, Meijer JM, Kroese FG, B-cell reconstitution and T-helper-cell balance after rituximab treatment of active primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63:1116-23
  • Pers JO, Devauchelle V, Daridon C, BAFF-modulated repopulation of B lymphocytes in the blood and salivary glands of rituximab-treated patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1464-77
  • Kassan SS, Thomas TL, Moutsopoulos HM, Increased risk of lymphoma in sicca syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:888-92
  • Tzioufas AG, Boumba DS, Skopouli FN, Moutsopoulos HM. Mixed monoclonal cryoglobulinemia and monoclonal rheumatoid factor cross-reactive idiotypes as predictive factors for the development of lymphoma in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:767-72
  • Voulgarelis M, Dafni UG, Isenberg DA, Moutsopoulos HM. Malignant lymphoma in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective, clinical study by the European Concerted Action on Sjogren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:1765-72
  • Pollard RP, Pijpe J, Bootsma H, Treatment of MALT lymphoma in Sjogren's syndrome: a retrospective clinical study. J Rheumatol 2011 (In press)
  • Ioannidis JP, Vassiliou VA, Moutsopoulos HM. Long-term risk of mortality and lymphoproliferative disease and predictive classification of primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:741-7
  • Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Yague J, Hypocomplementaemia as an immunological marker of morbidity and mortality in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005;44:89-94
  • Theander E, Henriksson G, Ljungberg O, Lymphoma and other malignancies in primary Sjogren's syndrome A cohort study on cancer incidence and lymphoma predictors. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:796-803
  • Theander E, Manthorpe R, Jacobsson LT. Mortality and causes of death in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1262-9
  • Quartuccio L, Fabris M, Salvin S, Controversies on rituximab therapy in Sjogren syndrome-associated lymphoproliferation. Int J Rheumatol 2009;2009:424935
  • Chambers SA, Isenberg D. Anti-B cell therapy (rituximab) in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Lupus 2005;14:210-14
  • Czuczman MS, Grillo-Lopez AJ, White CA, Treatment of patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma with the combination of chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and CHOP chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:268-76
  • Kelesidis T, Daikos G, Boumpas D, Tsiodras S. Does rituximab increase the incidence of infectious complications? A narrative review. Int J Infect Dis 2011;15:e2-e16
  • Life-threatening brain infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus after Rituxan (rituximab) treatment. FDA Public Health Advisory. FDA Public Health Advisory: US Food and Drug Administration, 2006. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm124345.htm [Last accessed 19 July 2011]
  • Fleischmann RM. Safety of biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases: focus on rituximab. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2009;38:265-80
  • Keystone E, Fleischmann R, Emery P, Safety and efficacy of additional courses of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label extension analysis. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:3896-908
  • Meijer JM, Pijpe J, Bootsma H, The future of biologic agents in the treatment of Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2007;32:292-7
  • Koski H, Janin A, Humphreys-Beher MG, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and receptors for it in labial salivary glands in Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001;19:131-7
  • Baturone R, Soto MJ, Marquez M, Health-related quality of life in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: relationship with serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Scand J Rheumatol 2009;38:386-9
  • Yoon KC, Jeong IY, Park YG, Yang SY. Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome. Cornea 2007;26:431-7
  • Steinfeld SD, Demols P, Salmon I, Infliximab in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: a pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2371-5
  • Steinfeld SD, Demols P, Appelboom T. Infliximab in primary Sjogren's syndrome: one-year followup. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:3301-3
  • Sankar V, Brennan MT, Kok MR, Etanercept in Sjogren's syndrome: a twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:2240-5
  • Zandbelt MM, de Wilde P, van Damme P, Etanercept in the treatment of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: a pilot study. J Rheumatol 2004;31:96-101
  • Bave U, Nordmark G, Lovgren T, Activation of the type I interferon system in primary Sjogren's syndrome: a possible etiopathogenic mechanism. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1185-95
  • Zheng L, Zhang Z, Yu C, Association between IFN-alpha and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:e12-18
  • Wildenberg ME, Helden-Meeuwsen CG, van de Merwe JP, Systemic increase in type I interferon activity in Sjogren's syndrome: a putative role for plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2008;38:2024-33
  • Ittah M, Miceli-Richard C, Eric Gottenberg J, B cell-activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor family (BAFF) is expressed under stimulation by interferon in salivary gland epithelial cells in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2006;8:R51
  • Ferraccioli GF, Salaffi F, De Vita S, Interferon alpha-2 (IFN alpha 2) increases lacrimal and salivary function in Sjogren's syndrome patients. Preliminary results of an open pilot trial versus OH-chloroquine. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1996;14:367-71
  • Shiozawa S, Morimoto I, Tanaka Y, Shiozawa K. A preliminary study on the interferon-alpha treatment for xerostomia of Sjogren's syndrome. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:52-4
  • Ship JA, Fox PC, Michalek JE, Treatment of primary Sjogren's syndrome with low-dose natural human interferon-alpha administered by the oral mucosal route: a Phase II clinical trial. IFN Protocol Study Group. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999;19:943-51
  • Smith JK, Siddiqui AA, Modica LA, Interferon-alpha upregulates gene expression of aquaporin-5 in human parotid glands. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999;19:929-35
  • Moisini I, Davidson A. BAFF: a local and systemic target in autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2009;158:155-63
  • Thien M, Phan TG, Gardam S, Excess BAFF rescues self-reactive B cells from peripheral deletion and allows them to enter forbidden follicular and marginal zone niches. Immunity 2004;20:785-98
  • Ota M, Duong BH, Torkamani A, Regulation of the B cell receptor repertoire and self-reactivity by BAFF. J Immunol 2010;185:4128-36
  • Lesley R, Xu Y, Kalled SL, Reduced competitiveness of autoantigen-engaged B cells due to increased dependence on BAFF. Immunity 2004;20:441-53
  • Groom J, Kalled SL, Cutler AH, Association of BAFF/BLyS overexpression and altered B cell differentiation with Sjogren's syndrome. J Clin Invest 2002;109:59-68
  • Lavie F, Miceli-Richard C, Quillard J, Expression of BAFF (BLyS) in T cells infiltrating labial salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. J Pathol 2004;202:496-502
  • Pers JO, Daridon C, Devauchelle V, BAFF overexpression is associated with autoantibody production in autoimmune diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005;1050:34-9
  • Pers JO, d'Arbonneau F, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Is periodontal disease mediated by salivary BAFF in Sjogren's syndrome? Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:2411-14
  • Mariette X, Roux S, Zhang J, The level of BLyS (BAFF) correlates with the titre of autoantibodies in human Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:168-71
  • Szodoray P, Alex P, Jonsson MV, Distinct profiles of Sjogren's syndrome patients with ectopic salivary gland germinal centers revealed by serum cytokines and BAFF. Clin Immunol 2005;117:168-76
  • Le Pottier L, Bendaoud B, Renaudineau Y, New ELISA for B cell-activating factor. Clin Chem 2009;55:1843-51
  • Daridon C, Devauchelle V, Hutin P, Aberrant expression of BAFF by B lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:1134-44
  • Ittah M, Miceli-Richard C, Gottenberg JE, Viruses induce high expression of BAFF by salivary gland epithelial cells through TLR- and type-I IFN-dependent and -independent pathways. Eur J Immunol 2008;38:1058-64
  • Devauchelle-Pensec V, Cagnard N, Pers JO, Gene expression profile in the salivary glands of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients before and after treatment with rituximab. Arthritis Rheum 2010;62:2262-71
  • Cambridge G, Stohl W, Leandro MJ, Circulating levels of B lymphocyte stimulator in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following rituximab treatment: relationships with B cell depletion, circulating antibodies, and clinical relapse. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:723-32
  • Cambridge G, Isenberg DA, Edwards JC, B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1011-16
  • Lavie F, Miceli-Richard C, Ittah M, Increase of B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) after rituximab treatment: insights into a new regulating system of BAFF production. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:700-3
  • Wiglesworth AK, Ennis KM, Kockler DR. Belimumab: a BLyS-specific inhibitor for systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:1955-61
  • Mackay F, Schneider P. Cracking the BAFF code. Nat Rev Immunol 2009;9:491-502
  • Routsias JG, Tzioufas AG. Autoimmune response and target autoantigens in Sjogren's syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2010;40:1026-36
  • Genovese MC, Schiff M, Luggen M, Efficacy and safety of the selective co-stimulation modulator abatacept following 2 years of treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:547-54
  • Vissink A, Bootsma H, Spijkervet FKL, Current and future challenges in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Curr Pharm Biotechnol (In press)
  • Seror R, Ravaud P, Bowman S, EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI): development of a consensus systemic disease activity index in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1103-9
  • Popa C, Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Edwards JC. Repeated B lymphocyte depletion with rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis over 7 yrs. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:626-30

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.