The development of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and its possible use in adults

Bibliography

• Weycker D, Strutton D, Edelsberg J, Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in older US adults. Vaccine 2010;28:4955-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• File TM Jr, Marrie TJ. Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. Postgrad Med 2010;122:130-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausdorff WP, Bryant J, Paradiso PR, Which pneumococcal serogroups cause the most invasive disease: implications for conjugate vaccine formulation and use, part I. Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:100-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausdorff WP, Feikin DR, Klugman KP. Epidemiological differences among pneumococcal serotypes. Lancet Infect Dis 2005;5:83-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imohl M, Reinert RR, Ocklenburg C, Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with age in invasive pneumococcal disease. J Clin Microbiol 2010;48:1291-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien KL, Wolfson LJ, Watt JP, Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates. Lancet 2009;374:893-902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson ML, Neuzil KM, Thompson WW, The burden of community-acquired pneumonia in seniors: results of a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1642-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feikin DR, Feldman C, Schuchat A, Global strategies to prevent bacterial pneumonia in adults with HIV disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4:445-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feikin DR, Jagero G, Aura B, High rate of pneumococcal bacteremia in a prospective cohort of older children and adults in an area of high HIV prevalence in rural western Kenya. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated recommendations for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease among adults using the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:1102-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poehling KA, Light LS, Rhodes M, Sickle cell trait, hemoglobin C trait, and invasive pneumococcal disease. Epidemiology 2010;21:340-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemets P, Lyytikainen O, Ruutu P, Risk of invasive pneumococcal infections among working age adults with asthma. Thorax 2010;65:698-702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talbot TR, Hartert TV, Mitchel E, Asthma as a risk factor for invasive pneumococcal disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2082-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong A, Marrie TJ, Garg S, Increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in haematological and solid-organ malignancies. Epidemiol Infect 2010;138:1804-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Humar A, Plevneshi A, Invasive pneumococcal disease in solid organ transplant recipients – 10-year prospective population surveillance. Am J Transplant 2007;7:1209-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Humar A, Plevneshi A, Invasive pneumococcal disease in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a decade of prospective population-based surveillance. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008;41:743-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkein JG, Nahm MH, Dransfield MT. Pneumococcal vaccination for patients with COPD: current practice and future directions. Chest 2008;133:767-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit P, Oberholzer D, Hayden-Smith S, Protective efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. JAMA 1977;238:2613-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1997;46:1-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pollard AJ, Perrett KP, Beverley PC. Maintaining protection against invasive bacteria with protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. Nat Rev Immunol 2009;9:213-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vila-Corcoles A. Advances in pneumococcal vaccines: what are the advantages for the elderly? Drugs Aging 2007;24:791-800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conaty S, Watson L, Dinnes J, The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in adults: a systematic review of observational studies and comparison with results from randomised controlled trials. Vaccine 2004;22:3214-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moberley SA, Holden J, Tatham DP, Vaccines for preventing pneumococcal infection in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;CD000422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss A, Scott P, Stuck AE, Efficacy of pneumococcal vaccination in adults: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2009;180:48-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French N, Nakiyingi J, Carpenter LM, 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:2106-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen RH, Lohse N, Østergaard L, The effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review. HIV Med 2011;12:323-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama T, Taguchi O, Niederman MS, Efficacy of 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in preventing pneumonia and improving survival in nursing home residents: double blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2010;340:c1004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melmed GY, Agarwal N, Frenck RW, Immunosuppression impairs response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:148-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konradsen HB. Quantity and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies before and up to five years after pneumococcal vaccination of elderly persons. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21:616-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Benson P, Sneller VP, Safety of revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. JAMA 1999;281:243-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torling J, Hedlund J, Konradsen HB, Revaccination with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in middle-aged and elderly persons previously treated for pneumonia. Vaccine 2003;22:96-103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Nelson JC, Whitney CG, Assessment of the safety of a third dose of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population. Vaccine 2006;24:151-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manoff SB, Liss C, Caulfield MJ, Revaccination with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces elevated and persistent functional antibody responses in adults aged 65 > or = years. J Infect Dis 2010;201:525-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musher DM, Manof SB, Liss C, Safety and antibody response, including antibody persistence for 5 years, after primary vaccination or revaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in middle-aged and older adults. J Infect Dis 2010;201:516-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black S, Shinefield H, Fireman B, Efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:187-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen J, Black S, Shinefield H, Effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age for prevention of pneumonia: updated analysis using World Health Organization standardized interpretation of chest radiographs. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:779-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prymula R, Schuerman L. 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae PD conjugate vaccine: Synflorix. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009;8:1479-500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinleyici EC, Yargic ZA. Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine: PHiD-CV. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2009;7:1063-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prymula R, Peeters P, Chrobok V, Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides conjugated to protein D for prevention of acute otitis media caused by both Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae: a randomised double-blind efficacy study. Lancet 2006;367:740-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesikari T, Wysocki J, Chevallier B, Immunogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) compared to the licensed 7vCRM vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:S66-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Lindblad N, Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine coadministered with measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine in children aged 12 to 16 months. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:e47-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuf M, Szenborn L, Moro M, Immunogenicity of routinely used childhood vaccines when coadministered with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). Pediatr Infect Dis J 2009;28:S97-S108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant KA, Block SL, Baker SA, Safety and immunogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics 2010;125:866-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieninger DM, Kueper K, Steul K, Safety, tolerability, and immunologic noninferiority of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given with routine pediatric vaccinations in Germany. Vaccine 2010;28:4192-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh SH, Gurtman A, Hurley DC, Immunogenicity and safety of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers. Pediatrics 2010;126:e493-505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito S, Tansey S, Thompson A, Safety and immunogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared to those of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine given as a three-dose series with routine vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2010;17:1017-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snape MD, Klinger CL, Daniels ED, Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered at 2, 4 and 12 months of age: a double-blind randomized active-controlled trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:e80-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for the prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in infants and children: use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). Pediatrics 2010;126:186-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien KL, Hochman M, Goldblatt D. Combined schedules of pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines: is hyporesponsiveness an issue? Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:597-606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hak E, Grobbee DE, Sanders EA, Rationale and design of CAPITA: a RCT of 13-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine efficacy among older adults. Neth J Med 2008;66:378-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musher DM. Pneumococcal vaccine – direct and indirect (“herd“) effects. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1522-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Zamir O, Reduction of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae after administration of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to toddlers attending day care centers. J Infect Dis 2002;185:927-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pilishvili T, Lexau C, Farley MM, Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis 2010;201:32-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagan R, Givon-Lavi N, Zamir O, Effect of a nonavalent conjugate vaccine on carriage of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in day-care centers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:532-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang SS, Platt R, Rifas-Shiman SL, Post-PCV7 changes in colonizing pneumococcal serotypes in 16 Massachusetts communities, 2001 and 2004. Pediatrics 2005;116:e408-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1455-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Direct and indirect effects of routine vaccination of children with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease – United States, 1998 – 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005;54:893-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black S, Shinefield H, Baxter R, Postlicensure surveillance for pneumococcal invasive disease after use of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Northern California Kaiser Permanente. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004;23:485-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lexau CA, Lynfield R, Danila R, Changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among older adults in the era of pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. JAMA 2005;294:2043-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray GT, Whitney CG, Fireman BH, Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: evidence from the first 5 years of use in the United States incorporating herd effects. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:494-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Techasaensiri C, Messina AF, Katz K, Epidemiology and evolution of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by multidrug resistant serotypes of 19A in the 8 years after implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization in Dallas, Texas. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:294-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metlay JP, Lautenbach E, Li Y, Exposure to children as a risk factor for bacteremic pneumococcal disease: changes in the post-conjugate vaccine era. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:725-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hicks LA, Harrison LH, Flannery B, Incidence of pneumococcal disease due to non-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) serotypes in the United States during the era of widespread PCV7 vaccination, 1998 – 2004. J Infect Dis 2007;196:1346-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelton SI, Huot H, Finkelstein JA, Emergence of 19A as virulent and multidrug resistant Pneumococcus in Massachusetts following universal immunization of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26:468-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinert R, Jacobs MR, Kaplan SL. Pneumococcal disease caused by serotype 19A: review of the literature and implications for future vaccine development. Vaccine 2010;28:4249-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weatherholtz R, Millar EV, Moulton LH, Invasive pneumococcal disease a decade after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use in an American Indian population at high risk for disease. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:1238-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann D, Willis J, Moore HC, The changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in aboriginal and non-aboriginal western Australians from 1997 through 2007 and emergence of nonvaccine serotypes. Clin Infect Dis 2010;50:1477-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettinger JA, Scheifele DW, Kellner JD, The effect of routine vaccination on invasive pneumococcal infections in Canadian children, Immunization Monitoring Program, Active 2000 – 2007. Vaccine 2010;28:2130-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruckinger S, van der Linden M, Reinert RR, Reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease after general vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Germany. Vaccine 2009;27:4136-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaberge IS. Experience with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Norway. Expert Rev Vaccines 2009;8:159-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy C, Varon E, Bingen E, Pneumococcal meningitis in French children before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011;30:1-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourtis AP, Ellington S, Bansil P, Hospitalizations for invasive pneumococcal disease among HIV-1-infected adolescents and adults in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;55:128-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourtis AP, Ellington S, Bansil P, Hospitalizations for invasive pneumococcal disease among human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected children, adolescents and young adults in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy and the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:561-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French N, Gordon SB, Mwalukomo T, A trial of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 2010;362:812-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dransfield MT, Nahm MH, Han MK, Superior immune response to protein-conjugate versus free pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:499-505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feikin DR, Elie CM, Goetz MB, Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults. Vaccine 2001;20:545-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Chen MH, Welsh B, A randomized, double-blind trial of pneumococcal vaccination in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant donors and recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:1576-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Roux A, Schmole-Thoma B, Siber GR, Comparison of pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide and free polysaccharide vaccines in elderly adults: conjugate vaccine elicits improved antibacterial immune responses and immunological memory. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46:1015-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldblatt D, Southern J, Andrews N, The immunogenicity of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine versus 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged 50 – 80 years. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1318-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott D, Ruckle J, Dar M, Phase 1 trial of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japanese adults. Pediatr Int 2008;50:295-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crum-Cianflone NF, Huppler Hullsiek K, Roediger M, A randomized clinical trial comparing revaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults. J Infect Dis 2010;202:1114-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Rotstein C, Miyata G, Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of pneumococcal vaccination in renal transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 2003;187:1639-45
   Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Welsh B, Siegal D, Immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccine in renal transplant recipients–three year follow-up of a randomized trial. Am J Transplant 2007;7:633-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Neuzil KM, Nahm MH, Immunogenicity of varying dosages of 7-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in seniors previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Vaccine 2007;25:4029-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miernyk KM, Butler JC, Bulkow LR, Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines in alaska native adults 55 – 70 years of age. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:241-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridda I, Macintyre CR, Lindley R, Immunological responses to pneumococcal vaccine in frail older people. Vaccine 2009;27:1628-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abzug MJ, Pelton SI, Song LY, Immunogenicity, safety, and predictors of response after a pneumococcal conjugate and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine series in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25:920-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordonnier C, Labopin M, Chesnel V, Immune response to the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine after the 7-valent conjugate vaccine in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients: results from the EBMT IDWP01 trial. Vaccine 2010;28:2730-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesprit P, Pedrono G, Molina JM, Immunological efficacy of a prime-boost pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected adults. AIDS 2007;21:2425-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmer P, Borrow R, Arkwright PD. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine does not provide additional serotype antibody protection in children who have been primed with two doses of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Vaccine 2007;25:6321-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penaranda M, Payeras A, Cambra A, Conjugate and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines do not improve initial response of the polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-infected adults. AIDS 2010;24:1226-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar D, Chen MH, Wong G, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the prime-boost strategy for pneumococcal vaccination in adult liver transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:885-92
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2008;83:373-84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopalco PL, Giesecke J. Panel of international experts concludes on influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in Europe. Euro Surveill 2007;12:E070118.1
   Google Scholar
• Pneumovax® 23 (pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent). Package insert. Whitehouse Station NJ: Merck & Co., Inc.; January 2011. Available from: http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/p/pneumovax_23/pneumovax_pi.pdf [Last accessed 30 October 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Said MA, O'Brien KL, Pekka Nuorti J, The epidemiologic evidence underlying recommendations for use of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among American Indian and Alaska Native populations. Vaccine 2011;29:5355-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization – WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2007;82:93-104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Global action plan for prevention and control of pneumonia (GAPP). World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, 2009. Available from: http://libdoc.who.int/hq/2009/WHO_FCH_CAH_NCH_09.04_eng.pdf [Last accessed 30 October 2011]
   Google Scholar
• Lu PJ, Nuorti JP. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination among adults aged 65 years and older, U.S., 1989 – 2008. Am J Prev Med 2010;39:287-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traeger MS, Say KR, Hastings V, Achievement of healthy people 2010 objective for adult pneumococcal vaccination in an American Indian community. Public Health Rep 2010;125:448-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sintes X, Nebot M, Izquierdo C, Factors associated with pneumococcal and influenza vaccination in hospitalized people aged 65 years. Epidemiol Infect 2011;139:666-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasink LB, Wurcell AG, Kotloff RM, Low prevalence of prior Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination among potential lung transplant candidates. Chest 2006;130:218-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melmed GY, Ippoliti AF, Papadakis KA, Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at risk for vaccine-preventable illnesses. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1834-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedson DS. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for adults: why it's important for children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:183-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson LA, Janoff EN. Pneumococcal vaccination of elderly adults: new paradigms for protection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;47:1328-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metersky ML, Dransfield MT, Jackson LA. Determining the optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategy for adults: Is there a role for the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine? Chest 2010;138:486-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien KL. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, polysaccharide vaccine, or both for adults? We're not there yet. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:1326-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai SS. Streptococcus pneumoniae protein vaccine candidates: properties, activities and animal studies. Crit Rev Microbiol 2006;32:139-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar