Bibliography:
- Leung DYM, Boguniewicz M, Howell MD, New insights into atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 2004;113:651-7
- Williams HC. Clinical practice. Atopic dermatitis. N Eng J Med 2005;352:2314-24
- Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM. Recent insights into atopic dermatitis and implications for management of infectious complications. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125:4-13
- Spergel JM, Paller AS. Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;112:S118-27
- Tokura Y. Extrinsic and intrinsic types of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2010;58:1-7
- Guttman-Yassky E, Nograles K. Contrasting pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis – Part I: clinical and pathologic concepts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:1110-18
- Guttman-Yassky E, Nograles KE, Krueger JG. Contrasting pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis – Part II: immune cell subsets and therapeutic concepts. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:1420-32
- Denby KS, Beck LA. Update on systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;12:421-6
- Novak N, Simon D. Atopic dermatitis – from new pathophysiologic insights to individualized therapy. Allergy 2011;66:830-9
- Nograles KE, Zaba LC, Shemer A, IL-22-producing “T22” T cells account for upregulated IL-22 in atopic dermatitis despite reduced IL-17-producing TH17 T cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:1244-52. e2
- Miossec P, Korn T, Kuchroo VK. Interleukin-17 and type 17 helper T cells. N Engl J Med 2009;36:888-98
- Leonardi C, Matheson R, Zachariae C. Anti–interleukin-17 monoclonal antibody ixekizumab in chronic plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1190-9
- Guttman-Yassky E, Vugmeyster Y, Lowes MA, Blockade of CD11a by efalizumab in psoriasis patients induces a unique state of T-cell hyporesponsiveness. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1182-91
- Chiricozzi A. Guttman-Yassky. Integrative responses to IL-17 and TNF-[alpha] in human keratinocytes account for key inflammatory pathogenic circuits in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2011;131:677-87
- Milner JD. IL-17 producing cells in host defense and atopy. Curr Opin Immunol 2011;23:784-8
- Papp KA, Leonardi C, Menter A, Brodalumab, an anti-interleukin-17-receptor antibody for psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1181-9
- Griffiths C, Strober BE. Comparison of ustekinumab and etanercept for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:118-28
- Griffiths CEM, Girolomoni G. Does p40-targeted therapy represent a significant evolution in the management of plaque psoriasis? J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012;26(Suppl 5):2-8
- Yan W, Chen J, Yuan-Hong L, Treatment of psoriasis with interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody: a systematic review. Eur J Dermatol 2012;22:72-82
- Krueger JG, Fretzin S, Suarez-Farinas M, IL-17A is essential for cell activation and inflammatory gene circuits in subjects with psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:145-54
- Boniface K, Bernard FX, Garcia M, IL-22 inhibits epidermal differentiation and induces proinflammatory gene expression and migration of human keratinocytes. J Immunol 2005;174:3695-702
- Wolk K, Haugen HS, Xu W, IL-22 and IL-20 are key mediators of the epidermal alterations in psoriasis while IL-17 and IFN-gamma are not. J Mol Med 2009;87:523-36
- Zheng Y, Danilenko DM, Valdez P, Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007;445:648-51
- Wang F, Smith N, Maier L, Etanercept suppresses regenerative hyperplasia in psoriasis by acutely downregulating epidermal expression of interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20 and IL-24. Br J Dermatol 2012;167:92-102
- Gottlieb AB, Chamian F, Masud S, TNF inhibition rapidly down-regulates multiple proinflammatory pathways in psoriasis plaques. J Immunol 2005;175:2721-9
- Chamian F, Lowes MA, Lin SL, Alefacept reduces infiltrating T cells, activated dendritic cells, and inflammatory genes in psoriasis vulgaris. PNAS 2005;102:2075-80
- Abrams JR, Lebwohl MG, Guzzo CA, CTLA4Ig-mediated blockade of T-cell costimulation in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. J Clin Invest 1999;103:1243-52
- Ito Y, Adachi Y, Makino T, Expansion of FOXP3-positive CD4+ CD25+ T cells associated with disease activity in atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009;103:160-5
- Kagen MH, McCormick TS, Cooper KD. Regulatory T cells in psoriasis. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop 2006(56):93-209
- Zheng Y, Danilenko DM, Valdez P, Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007;445:648-51
- Tintle S, Guttman E. Reversal of atopic dermatitis with narrow-band UVB phototherapy and biomarkers for therapeutic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;129:76-85
- Suarez-Farinas M, Tintle SJ, Shemer A, Nonlesional atopic dermatitis skin is characterized by broad terminal differentiation defects and variable immune abnormalities. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:954-64
- Farwanah H, Raith K, Neubert R. Ceramide profiles of uninvolved skin in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are comparable to those of healthy skin. Arch Derm Res 2005;296:514-21
- Yamamoto A, Serizawa S, Ito M, Stratum corneum lipid abnormalities in atopic dermatitis. Arch Derm Res 1991;283:219-23
- O'Regan GM, Sandilands A, McLean WHI, Filaggrin in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:R2-6
- Guttman-Yassky E, Suarez-Farinas M. Broad defects in epidermal cornification in atopic dermatitis identified through genomic analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:1235-44
- Cork MJ, Danby SG, Vasilopoulos Y, Epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2009;129:1892-908
- Boguniewicz M, Leung D. Atopic dermatitis: a disease of altered skin barrier and immune dysregulation. Immunol Rev 2011;242:233-46
- Miajlovic H, Fallon PG, Irvine AD, Foster TJ. Effect of filaggrin breakdown products on growth of and protein expression by Staphylococcus aureus. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:1184-90
- Kawasaki H, Nagao K, Kubo A, Altered stratum corneum barrier and enhanced percutaneous immune responses in filaggrin-null mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:1538-46
- Irvine AD, McLean WHI, Leung DY. Filaggrin mutations associated with skin and allergic diseases. N Eng J Med 2011;365:1315-27
- Margolis DV, Apter AJ, Gupta J, The persistence of atopic dermatitis and filaggrin (FLG) mutations in a US longitudinal cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:912-17
- Greisenegger EK, Novak N, Maintz L. Analysis of four prevalent filaggrin mutations (R501X, 2282del4, R2447X and S3247X) in Austrian and German patients with atopic dermatitis. J Euro Acad Derm and Venerol 2010;24:607-10
- Korn T, Bettelli E, Oukka M, IL-17 and Th17 cells. Annu Rev Immunol 2009;27:485-517
- Guttman-Yassky E, Lowes MA, Fuentes-Duculan J, Low expression of the IL-23/Th17 pathway in atopic dermatitis compared to psoriasis. J Immunol 2008;181:7420-7
- Eyerich K, Pennino D, Scarponi C, IL-17 in atopic eczema: linking allergen-specific adaptive and microbial-triggered innate immune response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123:59-66
- Chiricozzi A, Guttman-Yassky E, Suarez-Farinas M, Integrative responses to IL-17 and TNF-alpha in human keratinocytes account for key inflammatory pathogenic circuits in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2011;131:677-87
- Jung T, Stingl G. Atopic dermatitis: therapeutic concepts evolving from new pathophysiologic insights. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:1074-81
- Kim BE, Leung DY. Epidermal barrier in atopic dermatitis. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res 2012;4:12-16
- Wolf R, Wolf D. Abnormal epidermal barrier in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2012;30:329-34
- Proksch E, Brasch J. Abnormal epidermal barrier in the pathogenesis of contact dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2012;30:335-44
- Sehra S, Yao Y, Howell MD, IL-4 regulates skin homeostasis and the predisposition toward allergic skin inflammation. J Immunol 2010;184:3186-90
- Kurahashi R, Hatano Y, Katagiri K. IL-4 suppresses the recovery of cutaneous permeability barrier functions in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2007;128:1329-31
- Hatano Y, Terashi H, Arakawa S, Interleukin-4 suppresses the enhancement of ceramide synthesis and cutaneous permeability barrier functions induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2005;124:786-92
- Lesiak A, Kuna P, Zakrzewski M, Combined occurrence of filaggrin mutations and IL-10 or IL-13 polymorphisms predisposes to atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2011;20:491-5
- Dillon SR, Sprecher C, Hammond A, Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice. Nat Immunol 2004;5:752-60
- Cornelissen C, Marquardt Y, Czaja K, IL-31 regulates differentiation and filaggrin expression in human organotypic skin models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:426-33
- Cheung PF, Wong CK, Ho AW, Activation of human eosinophils and epidermal keratinocytes by Th2 cytokine IL-31: implication for the immunopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Int Immunol 2010;22:453-67
- Raap U, Weißmantel S, Gehring M, IL-31 significantly correlates with disease activity and Th2 cytokine levels in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;23:285-8
- Szegedi K, Kremer AE, Kezic S, Increased frequencies of IL-31-producing T cells are found in chronic atopic dermatitis skin. Exp Dermatol 2012;21:431-6
- Zabłotna M, Association of distinct IL-31 polymorphisms with pruritus and severity of atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04649.x
- Sawada E, Yoshida N, Sugiura A, Th1 cytokines accentuate but Th2 cytokines attenuate ceramide production in the stratum corneum of human epidermal equivalents: an implication for the disrupted barrier mechanism in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2012;68:25-35
- Kim BE, Leung DYM, Boguniewicz M, Loricrin and involucrin expression is down-regulated by Th2 cytokines through STAT-6. Clin Immunol 2008;126:332-7
- Howell MD, Fairchild HR, Kim BE, Th2 cytokines act on S100/A11 to downregulate keratinocyte differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:2248-58
- Ong PY, Ohtake T, Brandt C, Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1151-60
- Wilsmann-Theis D, Hagemann T, Jordan J, Facing psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: are there more similarities or more differences? Eur J Dermatol 2008;18:172-80
- Bieber T. Atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2010;22:125-37
- Lowes MA, Bowcock AM, Krueger JG. Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. Nature 2007;445:866-73
- Nestle FO, Kaplan DH, Barker J. Psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2009;361:496-509
- De Boer OJ, Horst E, Pals ST, Functional evidence that the HECA-452 antigen is involved in the adhesion of human neutrophils and lymphocytes to tumour necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated endothelial cells. Immunology 1994;81:359-65
- Hata TR, Kotol P, Jackson M, Administration of oral vitamin D induces cathelicidin production in atopic individuals. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:829-31
- Kalliomaki M, Salminen S, Arvilommi H, Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2001;357:1076-9
- Lee J, Seto D, Bielory L. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of probiotics for prevention and treatment of pediatric atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121:116-21 e11
- Plotz SG, Ring J. What's new in atopic eczema? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2010;15:249-67
- Heimall J, Spergel JM. Filaggrin mutations and atopy: consequences for future therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012;8:189-97
- Kim BE, Howell MD, Guttman-Yassky E, TNF-alpha downregulates filaggrin and loricrin through c-Jun N-terminal kinase: role for TNF-alpha antagonists to improve skin barrier. J Invest Dermatol 2011;131:1272-9
- Novak N, Leung DY. Advances in Atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Immunol 2011;23:778-83
- Compalati E, Rogkakou A, Passalacqua G, Evidences of efficacy of allergen immunotherapy in atopic dermatitis: an updated review. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;12:427-33
- Werfel T, Breuer K, Rueff F, Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic sensitization to house dust mites: a multi-centre, randomized, dose-response study. Allergy 2006;61:202-5
- Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Vita D, Sublingual immunotherapy in mite-sensitized children with atopic dermatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120:164-70
- Keet CA, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Thyagarajan A, The safety and efficacy of sublingual and oral immunotherapy for milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;129:448-55. 55 e1-5
- Varshney P, Jones SM, Scurlock AM, A randomized controlled study of peanut oral immunotherapy: clinical desensitization and modulation of the allergic response. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:654-60
- Swamy RS, Reshamwala N, Hunter T, Epigenetic modifications and improved regulatory T-cell function in subjects undergoing dual sublingual immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130:215-24 e7
- Novak N, Mete N, Bussmann C, Early suppression of basophil activation during allergen-specific immunotherapy by histamine receptor 2. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130(5):1153-1158.e2
- Ash Z, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, A systematic literature review of drug therapies for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: current evidence and meta-analysis informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:319-26
- Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:18-27
- Viguier M, Pages C, Aubin F, Efficacy and safety of biologics in erythrodermic psoriasis: a multicentre, retrospective study. Br J Dermatol 2012;167:417-23
- Sivamani RK, Goodarzi H, Garcia MS, Biologic therapies in the treatment of psoriasis: a comprehensive evidence-based basic science and clinical review and a practical guide to tuberculosis monitoring. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; [Epub ahead of print]
- Leonardi CL, Kimball AB, Papp KA, Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab, a human interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriasis: 76-week results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (PHOENIX 1). Lancet 2008;371:1665-74
- Menter A, Gottlieb A, Feldman SR, Guidelines of care for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. JAAD 2008;58:826-50
- Tzu J, Kerdel F. From conventional to cutting edge: the new era of biologics in treatment of psoriasis. Derm Therapy 2008;21:131-41
- Panes J, Gomollon F, Taxonera C, Crohns disease: a review of current treatment with a focus on biologics. Drugs 2007;67:2511-37
- Wolfe F, Michaud K. Biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy: analyses from a large US observational study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:2886-95
- Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Jonas BL, The comparative efficacy and safety of biologics for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheum 2006;33:2398-408
- Breban M, Ravaud P, Claudepierre P. Maintenance of infliximab treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: results of a one‐year randomized controlled trial comparing systematic versus on‐demand treatment. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:88-97
- Coates LL, Cawkwell N, Ng NWF, Real life experience confirms sustained response to long-term biologics and switching in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheum 2008;47:897-900
- Cookson H, Smith C. Systemic treatment of adult atopic dermatitis. Clin Med 2012;12:172-6
- Taieb A, Seneschal J, Mossalayi MD. Biologics in atopic dermatitis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2012;10:174-8
- Denby KS, Beck LA. Update on systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;12:421-6
- Ong PY, Boguniewicz M. Investigational and unproven therapies in atopic dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2010;30:425-39
- Krathen RA, Hsu S. Failure of omalizumab for treatment of severe adult atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:338-40
- Hayek B, Heil P, Laimer M, Omalizumab treatment downregulation of IgE/FcERI on dendritic cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. XXIII EAACI Congress; Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2004. p. 744
- Gaga M, Zervas E, Grivas S, Evaluation and management of severe asthma. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:1049-59
- Saini S, Rosen KE, Hsieh HJ, A randomized placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of single-dose omalizumab in patients with H1-antihistamine-refractory chronic idiopathic urticarial. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:567-73
- Simon D, Wittwer J, Kostylina G, Alefacept (lymphocyte function-associated molecule 3/IgG fusion protein) treatment for atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;122:423-4
- Sediva A, Kayserova J, Vernerova E, Anti-CD20 (rituximab) treatment for atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121:1515-16
- Simon D, Hosli S, Kostylina G, Anti-CD20 (rituximab) treatment improves atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008;121:122-8
- Moul DK, Routhouska SB, Robinson MR, Alefacept for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a pilot study in adults. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:984-9
- Hassan AS, Kaelin U, Braathen LR, Clinical and immunopathologic findings during treatment of recalcitrant atopic eczema with efalizumab. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:217-21
- Harper EG, Simpson EL, Takiguchi RH, Efalizumab therapy for atopic dermatitis causes marked increases in circulating effector memory CD4+ T cells that express cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1173-81
- Namkung JH, Lee JE, Kim E, Association of polymorphisms in genes encoding IL-4, IL-13 and their receptors with atopic dermatitis in a Korean population. Exp Dermatol 2011;20:915-19
- Oiso N, Fukai K, Ishii M. Interleukin 4 receptor alpha chain polymorphism Gln551Arg is associated with adult atopic dermatitis in Japan. Br J Derm 2000;142:1003-6
- Borish LC, Nelson HS, Corren J, Efficacy of soluble IL-4 receptor for the treatment of adults with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:963-70
- Wenzel S, Wilbraham D, Fuller R, Effect of an interleukin-4 variant on late phase asthmatic response to allergen challenge in asthmatic patients: results of two phase 2a studies. Lancet 2007;370:1422-31
- Corren J. Anti-interleukin-5 antibody therapy in asthma and allergies. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;11:565-70
- Hamelmann E, Gelfand EW. IL-5-induced airway eosinophilia - the key to asthma? Immunol Rev 2001;179:182-91
- Molfino NA, Gossage D, Kolbeck R, Molecular and clinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of interleukin-5 and its receptor. Clin Exp Allergy 2012;42:712-37
- Oldhoff JM, Darsow U, Werfel T, Anti-IL-5 recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (mepolizumab) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2005;60:693-6
- Oldhoff JM, Darsow U, Werfel T, No effect of anti-interleukin-5 therapy (mepolizumab) on the atopy patch test in atopic dermatitis patients. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006;141:290-4
- Stein ML, Villanueva JM, Buckmeier BK, Anti–IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy reduces eosinophil activation ex vivo and increases IL-5 and IL-5 receptor levels. J Allergy Clin Immunology 2008;121:1473-83
- Guilloteau K, Paris I, Pedretti N, Skin inflammation induced by the synergistic action of IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M, IL-1{alpha}, and TNF-{alpha} recapitulates some features of psoriasis. J Immunol 2010; [Epub ahead of print]
- Buttner C, Lun A, Splettstoesser T, Monoclonal anti-interleukin-5 treatment suppresses eosinophil but not T-cell functions. Eur Respir J 2003;21:799-803
- Raap U, Weißmantel S, Gehring M, IL-31 significantly correlates with disease activity and Th2 cytokine levels in children with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012;23:285-8
- Wang Y, Liu Y. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, OX40-ligand, and interleukin-25 in allergic responses. Clin Exp Allergy 2009;39:798-806
- Liu Y. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and OX40 ligand pathway in the initiation of dendritic cell-mediated allergic inflammation. J Allergy ClinI Immunol 2007;120:238-44
- Ilves T, Harvima IT. OX40 ligand and OX40 are increased in atopic dermatitis lesions but do not correlate with clinical severity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04587.x
- Souwer Y, Szegedi K, Kapsenberg ML. IL-17 and IL-22 in atopic allergic disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2010;22:821-6
- Koga C, Kabashima K, Shiraishi N. Possible pathogenic role of Th17 cells for atopic dermatitis. J Investigative Derm 2008;128:2625-30
- Puya R, Alvarez-Lopez M, Velez A, Treatment of severe refractory adult atopic dermatitis with ustekinumab. Int J Dermatol 2012;51:115-16
- Kaminishi K. Flow cytometric analysis of IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and detection of circulating IL-13 in patients with atopic dermatitis provide evidence for the involvement of type 2 cytokines in the disease. J Dermatol Sci 2002;29:19-25
- Akkoc T, de Koning P, Ruckert B, Increased activation-induced cell death of high IFN-[gamma]-producing TH1 cells as a mechanism of TH2 predominance in atopic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunology 2008;121:652-8
- Aral M, Arican O, Gul M, The relationship between serum levels of total IgE, IL-18, IL-12, IFN-gamma and disease severity in children with atopic dermatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2006;2006(4):73098
- Chang TT, Stevens SR. Atopic dermatitis: the role of recombinant interferon-gamma therapy. Am J Clin Dermatol 2002;3:175-83
- Jang IG, Yang JK, Lee HJ, Clinical improvement and immunohistochemical findings in severe atopic dermatitis treated with interferon gamma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:1033-40
- Ash Z, Emery P. The role of tocilizumab in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012;12:1277-89
- Ohsugi Y, Kishimoto T. The recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab, an innovative drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008;8:669-81
- Navarini AA, French LE, Hofbauer GFL. Interrupting IL-6-receptor signaling improves atopic dermatitis but associates with bacterial superinfection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;128:1128-30
- Weger W. Current status and new developments in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with biological agents. Br J Pharmacol 2010;160:810-20
- Prodanovich S, Ricotti C, Glick BP, Etanercept: an evolving role in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010;11(Suppl 1):3-9
- Menter A. The status of biologic therapies in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Cutis 2009;84:14-24
- Zaba LC, Cardinale I, Gilleaudeau P, Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses. J Exp Med 2007;204:3183-94
- Zaba LC, Suarez-Farinas M, Fuentes-Duculan J, Effective treatment of psoriasis with etanercept is linked to suppression of IL-17 signaling, not immediate response TNF genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;124:1022-10. e1-395
- Buka RL, Resh B, Cunningham BB, Etanercept is minimally effective in 2 children with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;53:358-9
- Jacobi A, Antoni C, Manger B, Infliximab in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005;52:522-6
- Markova TP, Niwa A, Yamanishi H. Antagonism of IL-4 signaling by a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, rolipram, in human T cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007;143:216-24
- Jin SL, Goya S, Nakae S, Phosphodiesterase 4B is essential for T(H)2-cell function and development of airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;126:1252-9.e12
- Gantner F, Tenor H, Gekeler V, Phosphodiesterase profiles of highly purified human peripheral blood leukocyte populations from normal and atopic individuals: a comparative study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:527-35
- Griffiths CEM, Van Leent EJM, Gilbert M, Randomized comparison of the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor cipamfylline cream, cream vehicle and hydrocortisone 17-butyrate cream for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2002;147:299-307
- Samrao R, Berry TM, Goreshi R, A pilot study of an oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor (Apremilast) for atopic dermatitis in adults. Arch Dermatol 2012;148:890-7
- Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Miki H, PPARgamma mediates high-fat diet–induced adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance. Mol Cell 1999;4:597-609
- Hamaguchi M, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells expressing PPAR-gamma control inflammation in obesity. Cell Metab 2012;16:4-6
- Cipolletta D, Feuerer M, Li A, PPAR-gamma is a major driver of the accumulation and phenotype of adipose tissue Treg cells. Nature 2012;486:549-53
- Delerive P, Fruchart JC, Staels B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in inflammation control. J Endocrin 2001;169:453-9
- Evans RM, Chawla A, Barak Y, PPAR-gamma dependent and independent effects on macrophage-gene expression in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Nat Med 2001;7:48-52
- Behshad R, Cooper KD, Korman NJ. A retrospective case series review of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand rosiglitazone in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 2008;144:84-8
- De Belilovsky C, Roo-Rodriguez E, Baudouin C, Natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist cream demonstrates similar therapeutic response to topical steroids in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatolog Treat 2011;22:359-65
- Terakawa M, Fujieda Y, Tomimori Y, Oral chymase inhibitor SUN13834 ameliorates skin inflammation as well as pruritus in mouse model for atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;601:186-91
- Ogata A, Fujieda Y, Terakawa M, Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses of chymase inhibitor SUN13834 in NC/Nga mice and prediction of effective dosage for atopic dermatitis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2011;11:1628-32
- Fridman JS, Scherle PA, Collins R, Preclinical evaluation of local JAK1 and JAK2 inhibition in cutaneous inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2011;131:1838-44