Bibliography
- GREEN DR, EVAN GI: A matter of life and death. Cancer Cell (2002) 1:19–30.
- JOHNSTONE RW, RUEFLI AA, LOWE SW: Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell (2002) 108:153–164.
- TSUJIMOTO Y, FINGER LR, YUNIS J, NOWELL PC, CROCE CM: Cloning of the chromosome breakpoint of neoplastic B cells with the t(14;18) chromosome translocation. Science (1984) 226:1097–1099.
- •One of the first papers to describe cloning of the BCL-2gene.
- BAKHSHI A, JENSEN JP, GOLDMAN P et al.: Cloning the chromosomal breakpoint of t(14;18) human lymphomas: clustering around JH on chromosome 14 and near a transcriptional unit on 18. Cell (1985) 41:899–906.
- •One of the first papers to describe cloning of the BCL-2gene.
- CLEARY ML, SKLAR J: Nucleotide sequence of a t(14;18) chromosomal breakpoint in follicular lymphoma and demonstration of a breakpoint-cluster region near a transcriptionally active locus onchromosome 18. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA(1985) 82:7439–7443.
- •One of the first papers to describe cloning of the BCL-2gene.
- SENTMAN CL, SHUTTER JR, HOCKENBERY D, KANAGAWA 0, KORSMEYER SJ: Bc1-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes. Cell (1991) 67:879–888.
- VAUX DL, CORY S, ADAMS JM: Bc1-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature (1988) 335:440–442.
- •Evidence that BCL-2 is a death antagonist.
- WYLLIE AH, BEATTIE GJ,HARGREAVES AD: Chromatin changes in apoptosis. Histochein. J. (1981) 13:681–692.
- MCDONNELL TJ, DEANE N,PLATT FM et al.: Bc1-2-immunoglobulin transgenic mice demonstrate extended B cell survival and follicular lymphoproliferation. Cell (1989) 57:79–88.
- •In vivo demonstration of the antideath function of BCL-2.
- MCDONNELL TJ, KORSMEYER SJ: Progression from lymphoid hyperplasia to high-grade malignant lymphoma in mice transgenic for the t(14; 18). Nature (1991) 349:254–256.
- •Formal demonstration that BCL-2 is an oncogene.
- STRASSER A, WHITTINGHAM S,VAUX DL et al.: Enforced BCL2 expression in B-lymphoid cells prolongs antibody responses and elicits autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:8661–8665.
- ADAMS JM, CORY S: The Bc1-2 protein family: arbiters of cell survival. Science (1998) 281:1322–1326.
- WET MC, ZONG WX, CHENG EH et al: Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death. Science (2001) 292:727–730.
- ••Demonstrates the critical roles of BAX andBAK in executing an apoptotic signal.
- ZONG WX, LINDSTEN T, ROSS AJ, MACGREGOR GR, THOMPSON CB: BH3-only proteins that bind pro-survival Bc1-2 family members fail to induce apoptosis in the absence of Box and Bak. Genes Dev. (2001) 15:1481–1486.
- CHENG EH, WET MC, WEILER S et al: BCL-2, BCL-X(L) sequester BH3 domain-only molecules preventing BAX- and BAK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Mel Cell (2001) 8:705–711.
- ••Demonstrates that sequestering pro-apoptotic BH3 is a critical mechanism of BCL-2's antiapoptotic activity.
- ZOU H, HENZEL WJ, LIU X,LUTSCHG A, WANG X: Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4,participates in cytochrome c-dependentactivation of caspase-3. Cell (1997) 90:405–413.
- ••Establishes the molecular connectionbetween mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation.
- ZOU H, LI Y, LIU X, WANG X: An APAF-1.cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) 274:11549–11556.
- KRAJEWSKI S, TANAKA S,TAKAYAMA S, SCHIBLER MJ, FENTON W, REED JC: Investigation of the subcellular distribution of the bc1-2 oncoprotein: residence in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:4701–4714.
- YANG T, KOZOPAS KM, CRAIG RW: The intracellular distribution and pattern of expression of Mcl-1 overlap with, but are not identical to, those of Bc1-2. Cell Biol. (1995) 128:1173–1184.
- CHENG EH, LEVINE B, BOISE LH, THOMPSON CB, HARDWICK JM: Bax-independent inhibition of apoptosis by Bcl-XL. Nature (1996) 379:554–556.
- •Evidence that BCL-Xs most important anti-apoptotic interaction may be with BH3 domains other than that from the multidomain pro-apoptotic BAX.
- SATTLER M, LIANG H,NETTESHEIM D et al.: Structure of Bc1-xL-Bak peptide complex: recognition between regulators of apoptosis. Science (1997) 275:983–986.
- SHITASHIGE M, TOI M, YANO T, SHIBATA M, MATSUO Y, SHIBASAKI F: Dissociation of Bax from a Bc1-2/Bax heterodimer triggered by phosphorylation of serine 70 of Bc1-2. Biochem. (Tokyo) (2001) 130:741–748.
- YANG E, ZHA J, JOCKEL J, BOISE LH,THOMPSON CB, KORSMEYER SJ: Bad, a heterodimeric partner for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, displaces Box and promotes cell death. Cell (1995) 80:285–291.
- OLTVAI ZN, MILLIMAN CL, KORSMEYER SJ: Bc1-2 heterodimerizes in vivowith a conserved homolog, Box, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell (1993) 74:609–619.
- WANG K, YIN XM, CHAO DT, MILLIMAN CL, KORSMEYER SJ: BID: a novel BH3 domain-only death agonist. Genes Dev. (1996) 10:2859–2869.
- CORY S, ADAMS JM: The Bc12 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2002) 2:647–656.
- MARSDEN VS, O'CONNOR L, O&REILLY LA et al.: Apoptosis initiated by Bc1-2-regulated caspase activation independently of the cytochrome clApaf-1/ caspase-9 apoptosome. Nature (2002) 419:634–637.
- ESKES R, DESAGHER S,ANTONSSON B, MARTINOU JC: Bid induces the oligomerization and insertion of Box into the outer mitochondrial membrane. Ma Cell Biol. (2000) 20:929–935.
- GROSS A, JOCKEL J, WEI MC, KORSMEYER SJ: Enforced dimerization of BAX results in its translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. EMBO J. (1998) 17:3878–3885.
- WOLTER KG, HSU YT, SMITH CL, NECHUSHTAN A, XI XG, YOULE RJ: Movement of Box from the cytosol to mitochondria during apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. (1997) 139:1281–1292.
- WEI MC, LINDSTEN T, MOOTHA VK et al.: tBID, a membrane-targeted death ligand, oligomerizes BAK to release cytochrome c. Genes Dev. (2000) 14:2060–2071.
- GRIFFITHS GJ, DUBREZ L,MORGAN CP et al: Cell damage-induced conformational changes of the pro-apoptotic protein Bak in vivo precede the onset of apoptosis. J. Cell Biol. (1999) 144:903–914.
- KELEKAR A, THOMPSON CB: Bel-2-family proteins: the role of the BH3 domain in apoptosis. Trends Cell Biol. (1998) 8:324–330.
- CHITTENDEN T, FLEMINGTON C, HOUGHTON AB et al.: A conserved domain in Bak, distinct from BH1 and BH2, mediates cell death and protein binding functions. EMBO J. (1995) 14:5589–5596.
- ••Discovery of the pro-death BH3 domain.
- ZHA J, HARADA H, OSIPOV K, JOCKEL J, WAKSMAN G, KORSMEYER SJ: BH3 domain of BAD is required for heterodimerization with BCL-XL and pro-apoptotic activity. j. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:24101–24104.
- O'CONNOR L, STRASSER A, O& REILLY LA et al.: Bim: a novel member of the Bc1-2 family that promotes apoptosis. EMBO J. (1998) 17:384–395.
- ODA E, OHKI R, MURASAWA H et al:Noxa, a BH3-only member of the Bc1-2 family and candidate mediator of p53-induced apoptosis. Science (2000) 288:1053–1058.
- NAKANO K, VOUSDEN KH: PUMA, a novel proapoptotic gene, is induced by p53. MM. Cell (2001) 7:683–694.
- PUTHALAKATH H, HUANG DC, O'REILLY LA, KING SM, STRASSER A: The proapoptotic activity of the Bc1-2 family member Bim is regulated by interaction with the dynein motor complex. MM. Cell (1999) 3:287–296.
- DATTA SR, RANGER AM, LIN MZ et al.: Survival factor-mediated BAD phosphorylation raises the mitochondrial threshold for apoptosis. Dev. Cell (2002) 3:631–643.
- DATTA SR, DUDEK H, TAO X et al.: Mt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell- intrinsic death machinery. Cell (1997) 91:231–241.
- LUO X, BUDIHARDJO I, ZOU H, SLAUGHTER C, WANG X: Bid, a Bc12 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors. Cell (1998) 94:481–490.
- LI H, ZHU H, XU CJ, YUAN J: Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell (1998) 94:491–501.
- ZHA J, WEILER S, OH KJ, WEI MC, KORSMEYER SJ: Posttranslational N-myristoylation of BID as a molecular switch for targeting mitochondria and apoptosis. Science (2000) 290:1761–1765.
- BOYD JM, GALLO GJ, ELANGOVAN B et al.: Bik, a novel death-inducing protein shares a distinct sequence motif with Bc1-2 family proteins and interacts with viral and cellular survival-promoting proteins. Oncogene (1995) 11: 1921-1928.
- MARANI M, TENEV T, HANCOCK D, DOWNWARD J, LEMOINE NR: Identification of novel isoforms of the BH3 domain protein Bim which directly activate Bax to trigger apoptosis. Ma Cell Biol. (2002) 22:3577–3589.
- POLSTER BM, KINNALLY KW, FISKUM G: BH3 death domain peptide induces cell type-selective mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. j. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:37887–37894.
- LETAI A, BASSIK MC, WALENSKY LD, SORCINELLI MD, WEILER S,
- ••KORSMEYER SJ: Distinct BH3 domains either sensitize or activate mitochondrial apoptosis, serving as prototype cancer therapeutics. Cancer Cell (2002) 2:183-192. Experimentally defines the pro-death activity of isolated BH3 domains, and divides BH3 domains into two classes: activating or sensitising. Sensitising BH3 domains shown to be prototypic BCL-2 inhibitors.
- ZELENETZ AD, CHU G, GALILI N et al.: Enhanced detection of the t(14;18) translocation in malignant lymphoma using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Blood (1991) 78:1552–1560.
- JOENSUU H, PYLKKANEN L, TOIKKANEN S: Bc1-2 protein expression and long-term survival in breast cancer. Am. Athol (1994) 145:1191–1198.
- LEEK RD, KAKLAMANIS L, PEZZELLA F, GATTER KC, HARRIS AL: Bc1-2 in normal human breast and carcinoma, association with oestrogen receptor-positive, epidermal growth factor receptor-negative tumours and in situ cancer. Br: J. Cancer. (1994) 69:135–139.
- SINICROPE FA, HART J, MICHELASSI F, LEE JJ: Prognostic value of bc1-2 oncoprotein expression in stage II colon carcinoma. Gin. Cancer Res. (1995) 1:1103–1110.
- MCDONNELL TJ, TRONCOSO P, BRISBAY SM et al.: Expression of the protooncogene bc1-2 in the prostate and its association with emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Cancer Res. (1992) 52:6940–6944.
- HIGASHIYAMA M, DOT 0,KODAMA K, YOKOUCHI H, TATEISHI R: High prevalence of bc1-2 oncoprotein expression in small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res. (1995) 15:503–505.
- CAMPOS L, ROUAULT JP, SABIDO 0et al.: High expression of bc1-2 protein in acute myeloid leukemia cells is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Blood (1993) 81:3091–3096.
- CAMPOS L, ORIOL P, SABIDO 0, GUYOTAT D: Simultaneous expression of P-glycoprotein and BCL-2 in acute myeloid leukemia blast cells. Leak. Lymphoma (1997) 27:119–125.
- SCHENA M, GOTTARDI D, GHIA P et al.: The role of Bc1-2 in the pathogenesis of B chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leak. Lymphoma (1993) 11:173–179.
- CERRONI L, SOYER HP, KERL H: Bc1-2protein expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma and benign melanocytic nevi. Am. J. Dermatopathol (1995) 17:7–11.
- SKINNIDER BE HORSMAN DE, DUPUIS B, GASCOYNE RD: Bc1-6 and Bc1-2 protein expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma: correlation with 3q27 and 18q21 chromosomal abnormalities. Hum. BMW (1999) 30:803–808.
- SCHMITT CA, ROSENTHAL CT, LOWE SW: Genetic analysis of chemoresistance in primary murine lymphomas. Nat. Med. (2000) 6:1029–1035.
- SCHMITT CA, LOWE SW: Bc1-2 mediates chemoresistance in matched pairs of primary E(mu)-myc lymphomas in vivo. Blood Cells Ma Dis. (2001) 27:206–216.
- LETTER U, SCHMID RM, KASKEL P, PETER RU, KRAHN G: Antiapoptotic bc1-2 and bc1-xL in advanced malignant melanoma. Arch. Dermatol Res. (2000) 292:225–232.
- MAURER CA, FRIESS H, BUHLER SS et al.: Apoptosis inhibiting factor Bc1-xL might be the crucial member of the Bc1-2 gene family in colorectal cancer.Dig. Dis. Sci. (1998) 43:2641–2648.
- PENA JC, THOMPSON CB, RECANT W, VOKES EE, RUDIN CM: Bc1-xL and Bc1-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer (1999) 85:164–170.
- FOREMAN KE, WRONE-SMITH T, BOISE LH et al.: Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells preferentially express Bc1-xL. Am. J. BMW (1996) 149:795–803.
- XU Z, FRIESS H, SOLIOZ M et al.: Bc1-x(L) antisense oligonucleotides induce apoptosis and increase sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Int.j Cancer (2001) 94:268–274.
- DERENNE S, MONIA B, DEAN NM et al.: Antisense strategy shows that Mcl-1 rather than Bc1-2 or Bc1-x(L) is an essential survival protein of human myeloma cells. Blood (2002) 100:194–199.
- RASSIDAKIS GZ, LAI R, MCDONNELL TJ, CABANILLAS F, SARRIS AH, MEDEIROS LJ: Overexpression of Mc-1 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines and tumors. Am. J. BMW (2002) 160:2309–2310.
- SHIGEMASA K, KATOH 0, SHIROYAMA Y et al: Increased MCL-1expression is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian carcinomas. Jpnj Cancer Res. (2002) 93:542–550.
- MIYAMOTO Y, HOSOTANI R, WADA M et al.: Immunohistochemical analysis of Bc1-2, Bax, Bcl-X, and Mc-1 expression in pancreatic cancers. Oncology (1999) 56:73–82.
- VETS DJ, SORENSON CM, SHUTTER JR, KORSMEYER SJ: Bc1-2-deficient mice demonstrate fulminant lymphoid apoptosis, polycystic kidneys, and hypopigmented hair. Cell (1993) 75:229–240.
- •Suggests BCL-2 ablation should be tolerable.
- COTTER FE, JOHNSON P, HALL P et al.: Antisense oligonucleotides suppress B-cell lymphoma growth in a SCID-hu mouse model. Oncogene (1994) 9:3049–3055.
- JANSEN B, SCHLAGBAUER-WADL H, BROWN BD et al: bc1-2 antisense therapy chemosensitizes human melanoma in SCID mice. Nat. Med. (1998) 4:232–234.
- COTTER FE, WATERS J, CUNNINGHAM D: Human Bc1-2 antisense therapy for lymphomas. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1999) 1489:97–106.
- TOLCHER AW: Preliminary Phase I results of G3139 (bc1-2 antisense oligonucleotide) therapy in combination with docetaxel in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Semin. Oncol (2001) 28:67–70.
- MORRIS MJ, TONG WP, CORD ON-CARDOC et al.: Phase I trial of BCL-2 antisense oligonucleotide (G3139) administered by continuous intravenous infusion in patients with advanced cancer. Gin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8:679–683.
- CHI KN, GLEAVE ME, KLASA R et al: A Phase I dose-finding study of combined treatment with an antisense Bc1-2 oligonucleotide (Genasense) and mitoxantrone in patients with metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7:3920–3927.
- JANSEN B, WACHECK V, HEERE-RESS E et al.: Chemosensitisation of malignant melanoma by BCL2 antisense therapy. Lancet (2000) 356: 1728-1733.
- SHANGARY S, JOHNSON DE: Peptides derived from BH3 domains of Bc1-2 family members: a comparative analysis of inhibition of Bc1-2, Bc1-x(L) and Bax oligomerization, induction of cytochrome crelease, and activation of cell death. Biochemistry (2002) 41:9485–9495.
- ROTHBARD JB, GARLINGTON S, LIN Q et al: Conjugation of arginine oligomers to cyclosporin A facilitates topical delivery and inhibition of inflammation. Nat. Med. (2000) 6:1253–1257.
- WANG JL, ZHANG ZJ, CHOKSI S et al:Cell permeable Bc1-2 binding peptides: a chemical approach to apoptosis induction in tumor cells. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:1498–1502.
- SCHIMMER AD, HEDLEY DW, CHOW S et al.: The BH3 domain of BAD fused to the Antennapedia peptide induces apoptosis via its alpha helical structure and independent of Bc1-2. Cell Death Differ. (2001) 8:725–733.
- VIEIRA HL, HAOUZI D, HAMEL CE et al.: Permeabilization of the mitochondrial inner membrane during apoptosis: impact of the adenine nucleotide translocator. Cell Death after. (2000) 7:1146–1154.
- WESTERHOFF HV, JURETIC D, HENDLER RW, ZASLOFF M: Magainins and the disruption of membrane-linked free-energy transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1989) 86:6597–6601.
- ELLERBY HM, ARAP W, ELLERBY LM et al.: Anti-cancer activity of targeted pro-apoptotic peptides. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:1032–1038.
- MATSUZAKI K: Why and how are peptide-lipid interactions utilized for selfdefence? Biochem. Soc. Trans. (2001) 29:598–601.
- CHIN JVV, SCHEPARTZ A: Design andevolution of a miniature Bc1-2 binding protein. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2001) 40:3806–3809.
- KUTZKI 0, PARK HS, ERNST JT, ORNER BP, YIN H, HAMILTON AD: Development of a potent Bc1-x(L) antagonist based on alpha-helix mimicry. Am. Chem. Soc. (2002) 124:11838–11839.
- WANG JL, LIU D, ZHANG ZJ et al: Structure-based discovery of an organic compound that binds Bc1-2 protein and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (2000) 97:7124–7129.
- ENYEDY IJ, LING Y, NACRO K et al.: Discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of Bc1-2 through structure-based computer screening. Med. Chem. (2001) 44:4313–4324.
- DEGTEREV A, LUGOVSKOY A, CARDONE M et al.: Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of interaction between the BH3 domain and Bc1-xL. Nat. Cell Biol. (2001) 3:173–182.
- LUGOVSKOY AA, DEGTEREV Al, FAHMY AF et al: A novel approach for characterizing protein ligand complexes: molecular basis for specificity of small-molecule Bc1-2 inhibitors. Am. Chem. Soc. (2002) 124:1234–1240.
- TZUNG SP, KIM KM, BASANEZ Get al.:Antimycin A mimics a cell-death-inducing Bc1-2 homology domain 3. Nat. Cell Biol. (2001) 3:183–191.
- KIM KM, GIEDT CD, BASANEZ G et al.: Biophysical characterization of recombinant human Bc1-2 and its interactions with an inhibitory ligand, antimycin A. Biochemistry (2001) 40:4911–4922.
- NAKASHIMA T, MIURA M, HARA M: Tetrocarcin A inhibits mitochondrial functions of Bc1-2 and suppresses its anti-apoptotic activity. Cancer Res. (2000) 60:1229–1235.
- MURTHY MS, STEENART NA, WATSON MH et al.: A small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2 protein-protein interactions specifically induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Clin. Cancer Res. (2001) 7:313.
- SIA SK, CARR PA, COCHRAN AG, MALASHKEVICH VN, KIM PS: Short constrained peptides that inhibit HIV-1 entry. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99:14664–14669.