53
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Future pharmacological treatment options for nonexudative and exudative age-related macular degeneration

, , &
Pages 119-135 | Published online: 22 Apr 2005

Bibliography

  • KAHN H, LEIBOWITZ H, GANLEY J et al.: The Framingham eye study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1977) 106:17–41.
  • ATTEBO K, MITCHELL P, SMITH W: Visual acuity and the causes of visual loss in Australia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology (1996) 103:357–364.
  • KLAVER D, WOLFS R, VINGERLING J et al.: Age-specific prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in an older population: the Rotterdam study. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1998) 116:653–658.
  • TIELSCH J, JAVITT J, COLEMAN A et al.: The prevalence of blindness and visual impairment among nursing home residents in Baltimore. N EngL J. Med. (1995) 332:1205–1209.
  • SEDDON J. Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration. St. Louis: Mosby, (2001) 1039–1050.
  • BIRD A, BRESSLER N, BRESSLER S et al.: An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. (1995) 39:367–374.
  • AGE-RELATED EYE DISEASE STUDY RESEARCH GROUP: A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2001) 119:1417–1436.
  • FLIESLER S, ANDERSON R: Chemistry and metabolism of fluids in the vertebrate retina. Frog. Lipid Res. (1983) 22:79–131.
  • GERSTER H: Review: antioxidant protection of the aging macula. Age Aging (1991) 112:60–69.
  • YOUNG R: Solar radiation and age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. (1988) 32:252–269.
  • BEATTY S, KOH H, PHIL M et al.: The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. (2000) 45:115–134.
  • NEWSOME D, SWARTZ M, LEONE N et al.: Oral zinc in macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1988) 106: 192–198.
  • THE ALPHA TOCOPHEROL BETA CAROTENE CANCER PREVENTION STUDY GROUP: The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl. J. Med. (1994) 330:1029–1035.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy. Five-year results from randomized clinical trials. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1991) 109:1109–1114.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Five-year follow-up of fellow eyes of patients with age-related macular degeneration and unilateral extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1993) 111: 1189–1199.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Argon laser photocoagulation for senile macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1982) 100:912–923.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy; Three-year results from randomized clinical trials. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1986) 104:694–701.
  • FREUND K, YANNUZZI L, SORENSON J: Age-related macular degeneration and choroidal neovascularization. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (1993) 115:786–791.
  • MOISSEIEV J, ALHALEL A, MASURI R, TREISTER G: The impact of the macular photocoagulation study results on the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1995) 113:185–189.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Recurrent choroidal neovascularization after argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1986) 104:503–512.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Subfoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration; 'defines for evaluation and treatment in the macular photocoagulation study. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1991) 109:1242–1257.
  • MACULAR PHOTOCOAGULATION STUDY GROUP: Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1993)111:1200–1209.
  • AVELINE B, HASEN T, RENARD R: Photochemical and photosensitizing properties of BPD-MA. Photochem. Photobiol. (1994) 59:328–335.
  • HUNT D, JIANG H, GRANVILLE D et al.: Consequences of the photodynamic treatment of resting and activated peripheral T lymphocytes. Immunopharmacology (1999) 41:31–44.
  • ALLISON B, WATERFIELD E, RICHTER A, LEVY J: The effects of plasma lipoproteins on in vivo tumor cell killing and in vivo tumor photosensitization with benzoporphyrin derivative. Photochem. Photobiol. (1991) 54: 709–715.
  • REICHEL E, PULIAFITO C, DUKER J, GUYER D: Indocyanine green dye-enhanced diode laser photocoagulation of poorly defined subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmic. Surg. (1994) 25:195–201.
  • HOPE-ROSS M, GIBSON J, CHELL P et al.: Dye enhanced laser photocoagulation in the treatment of a peripapillary subretinal neovascular membrane. Acta. Ophthalmol. (1994) 72:134–137.
  • MORIARTY A: Indocyanine green enhanced diode laser photocoagulation of subretinal neovascular membranes Br. J. Ophthalmol. (1994) 1994:238–239.
  • TREATMENT OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (TAP) STUDY GROUP: Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: one-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials - TAP report. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1999) 117: 1329–1345.
  • TREATMENT Of AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (TAP) STUDY GROUP: Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration with verteporfin: two-year results of 2 randomized clinical trials - TAP report 2. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2001) 119:198–207.
  • TREATMENT Of AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION WITH PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (TAP) STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: three-year results of an open-label extension of 2 randomized clinical trials - TAP Report 5. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2002) 120:1307–1314.
  • VERTEPORFIN IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (VIP) STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial including lesions with occult with no classic choroidal neovascularization - Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy Report 2. Am. J. Ophthalmol (2001) 131:541–560.
  • BRESSLER N: Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: two-year results of a randomized clinical trial including lesions with occult with no classic choroidal neovascularizaation - Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy Report 2. Am. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 133:168–169.
  • NISHIWAKI H, ZEIMER R, GOLDBERG M et al.: Laser targeted photo-occlusion of rat choroidal neovascularization without collateral damage. Photochem. Photobiol. (2002) 75:149–158.
  • GRISANTI S, TATAR O, CANBEK S et al.: Immunohistopathologic evaluation of choroidal neovascular membranes following verteportin photodynamic therapy. Am. J. Ophthalmol (2004) 137:914–923.
  • BONE R, LANDRUM J, TARSIS S: Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment. Vision Res. (1985) 25:1531–1535.
  • BONE R, LANDRUM J, HIME G et al.: Stereochemistry of the human macular pigment. Invest Ophthalmol Vzs. Sci. (1993) 34:2033–2040.
  • MALINOW M, FEENEY-BURNS L, PETERSON L et al.: Diet-related macular anomalies in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol. lTj Sci. (1980) 19:857–863.
  • NEURINGER M, KLEIN M, SNODDERLY M et al.: Effects of carotenoid depletion and N-3 fatty acid status on macular defects in Rhesus monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. (1999) 40(5164):Abstract 842.
  • CIULLA T, CURRAN-CELANTANO J, COOPER D et al: Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample. Ophthalmology (2001) 108:730–737.
  • SCHALCH W: Carotenoids in the retina a review of their possible role to prevent or limit damage by light and oxygen. Free Radicals and Aging (1992) 62:280–298.
  • SNODDERLY D, AURAN J, DELORI F: The macular pigment. II. Spatial distribution in primate retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. (1984) 25:674–685.
  • KATZ M, PARKER K, HANDELMAN G et al.: Effects of antioxidant nutrient deficiency on the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of albino rats: A light and electron microscopic study. Exp. Eye Res. (1982) 34:339–369.
  • SEDDON J, HENNEKES C: Vitamins, minerals, and macular degeneration: Promising but unproven hypotheses. Arch. Ophthalmol (1994) 112: 176–178.
  • SEDDON J, AJANI U, SPERDUTO R et al.: Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group/ AMA (1994) 272:1413–1420.
  • WEST S, VITALE S, HALLFRISCH J et al: Antioxidants and supplements: Protective for age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol (1994) 112:222–227.
  • GALE C, HALL N, PHILLIPS D, MARTYN C: Lutein and zeaxanthin status and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis. Sci. (2003) 44:2461–2465.
  • HAMMOND BJ, CIULLA T, SNODDERLY D: Macular pigment density is reduced in obese subjects. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2002) 43:47–50.
  • SEDDON J, COTE J, DAVIS N, ROSNER B: Progression of age-related macular degeneration association with body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-hip ratio. Arch. Ophthalmol (2003) 121:785–792.
  • MARES-PERLMAN J, BRANDY W, KLEIN R et al.: Serum antioxidants and age-related macular degeneration in a population-based case-control study. Arch. Ophthalmol (1995) 113:1518–1523.
  • CHEW E: Age Related Eye Disease StudyResearch Group. Micronutrient supplementation. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting (2004) New Orleans, LA; Retina Subspecialty Day supplement:4.
  • CIULLA T, HARRIS A, KAGEMANN L et al: Choroidal perfusion pertubations in non-neovascular age related macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol (2002) 86:209–213.
  • CIULLA T, HARRIS A, MARTIN B: Ocular perfusion and age-related macular degeneration. Acta. Ophthalmol Scand. (2001) 79:108–115.
  • CIULLA T, HARRIS A, CHUNG H et al.: Color Doppler imaging discloses reduced ocular blood flow velocities in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol (1999) 128:75–80.
  • FRIEDMAN E, KRUPSKY S, LANE A et al.: Ocular blood flow velocity in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology (1995) 102:640–646.
  • FRIEDMAN E: A hemodynamic model ofthe pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (1997) 124:677–682.
  • BOKER T, FANG T, STEINMETZ R: Refractive error and choroidal perfusion characteristics in patients with choroidal neovascularization and age-related macular degeneration. Ger. J. Ophthalmol. (1993) 2:10–13.
  • REMULLA J, GAUDIO A, MILLERS, SANDBERG M: Foveal electroretinograms and choroidal perfusion characteristics in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (1995) 79:558–561.
  • ZHAO J, FRAMBACH D, LEE P et al.: Delayed macular choriocapillary circulation in age-related macular degeneration. Int. Ophthalmol (1995) 19:1–12.
  • WIDDER R, BRUNNER R, ENGELS B et al.: Changes of hemorheological and biochemical parameters after plasma perfusion using a tryptophan-polyvinyl alcohol adsorber leading to clinical improvement in patients suffering from maculopathy. Blood Purzf (1998) 16: 15–21.
  • BRUNNER R, WIDDER R, WALTER P et al.: Change in hemorrheological and biochemical parameters following membrane differential filtration. Int. J. Artif Organs (1995) 18:794–798.
  • BRUNNER R, WIDDER R, WALTER P et al.: Influence of membrane differential filtration on the natural course of age-related macular degeneration. Retina (2000) 20:483–491.
  • MCGWIN G, OWSLEY C, CURCIO C, CRAIN R: The association between statin use and age related maculopathy. Br. J. Ophthalmol (2003) 87:1121–1125.
  • WILSON H, SCHWARTZ D, BHATT H et al.: Statin and aspirin therapy are associated with decreased rates of chroroidal neovascularization among patients with age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol (2004) 137:615–624.
  • HALL N, GALE C, SYDDALL H et al.: Risk of macular degeneration in users of statins: cross sectional study. BMJ (2001) 323:375–376.
  • MCCARTY C, MUKESH B, GUYMER R et al.: Cholesterol-lowering medications reduce the risk of age-related maculopathy progression. MJA (2001) 175:340.
  • KLEIN R, KLEIN B, TOMANY S et al.: Relation of statin use to the 5-year incidence and progression of age-related maculopathy. Arch. OphthalmoL (2003) 121:1151–1155.
  • BRESSLER N, ROSENFELD P, LIM J, VIM STUDY GROUP: A Phase II placebocontrolled, double-masked, randomized trial � verteporfin in minimally classic CNV due to AMD (VIM). Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2003) 44:E-abstract 1100.
  • GONZALEZ J: Visudyne benefits patients with minimally classic lesion at 1 year. Ocular Surgery News (2003):21.
  • ROSENFELD P, VIM STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin in minimally classic CNV due to AMD (VIM) - two-year results from a 45:E-abstract 2273.
  • RIDDLE J: PDT: Therapies on the cutting edge. Jobson's Review of Ophthalmology (2003) X(8):40–46.
  • STUR M, VER STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin Early Retreatment (VER) - 12-month results of a Phase IIIB controlled clinical trial. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2004) 45:E-abstract 2275.
  • SLAKTER J, ROSENFELD P, VALIO STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin with altered (delayed) light in occult CNV (VALIO) - Results of a Phase II controlled clinical trial. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2003) 44:E-abstract 1101.
  • SINGERMAN L, ROSENFELD P, VALIO STUDY GROUP: Verteporfin with altered (delayed) light in occult (VALIO) - 12-month results of a Phase II controlled clinical trial. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2004) 45:E-abstract 2274.
  • PEYMAN G, MOSHFEGHI D, MOSHFEGHI A et al.: Photodynamic therapy for choriocapillaris using tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2). Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers (1997) 28:409–417.
  • MOSHFEGHI D, PEYMAN G, MOSHFEGHI A et al.: Ocular vascular thrombosis following tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) photodymanic therapy: time dependencies. Ophthalmic Surg-. Lasers (1998) 29:663–668.
  • REGILLO C: Update on photodynamic therapy. Curr. Opinion OphthalmoL (2000) 11:166–170.
  • THOMAS E, SnET2 STUDY GROUP: SnET2 photodynamic therapy for age-related macular degeneration: visual acuity efficacy outcomes from two parallel Phase III trials. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2004) 45:E-abstract 2214.
  • BLUMENKRANZ M, MILLER J, GUYER D et al.: Preliminary results from a Phase II dose-response study of photodynamic therapy with motexafin lutetium to treat subfoveal CNV. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2000) 41(5531):abstract 2827.
  • OBANA A. GOHTO Y, KANAI M et al.: Selective photodynamic effects of new photosensitizer ATX-S10(Na) on choroidal neovascularization in monkeys. Arch. OphthalmoL (2000) 118:650–658.
  • RENNO R, TERADA Y, HADDADAIN M et al.: Selective photodynamic therapy by targeted verteporfin delivery to experimental choroidal neovascularization mediated by a homing peptide to vascular endothelial growth factor rectptor-2. Arch. OphthalmoL (2004) 122:1002–1011.
  • ISHIBASHI T, MIKI K, SORGENTE N et al.: Effects of intravitreal administration of steroids on experimental subretinal neovascularization in the subhuman primat. Arch. OphthalmoL (1985) 103: 708–711.
  • KVANTA A: Expression and regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in choroidal fibroblasts. Curr. Eye Res. (1995) 14:1015–1020.
  • AMIN R, PUKLIN J, FRANK R: Growth factor localization in choroidal neovascular membranes of age-related macular degeneration. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (1994) 35:3178–3188.
  • LOPEZ P, SIPPY B, LAMBERT H et al.: Transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelia cells are immunoreactive for vascular endothelial growth factor in surgically excised age-related macular degeneration-related choroidal neovascular membranes. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (1996) 37:855–568.
  • REDDY V, ZAMORA R, KAPLAN H: Distribution of growth factors in subfoveal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration and presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome. Am. J. OphthalmoL (1995) 120:291–301.
  • YI X, OGATA N, KOMADA M et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in choroidal neovascularization in rats. Graefis Arch. Clin. Exp. OphthalmoL (1997) 235:313–319.
  • OKAMOTO N, TOBE T, HACKETT S et al.: Transgenic mice with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the retina: a new model of intraretinal and subretinal neovascularization. Am. J. PathoL (1997) 151:281–291.
  • ADAMIS A, SHIMA D, TOLENTINO M et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor prevents retinal ischemia-associated iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate. Arch. OphthalmoL (1996) 114:66–71.
  • AIELLO L, PIERCE E, ED F et al.: Suppression of retinal neovascularization in vivo by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using soluble VEGF-receptor chimeric proteins. Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:10457–10461.
  • THE EYETECH STUDY GROUP: Preclinical and Phase Ia clinical evaluation of an anti-VEGF pegylated aptamer (EYE001) for the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina (2002) 22:143–152.
  • THE EYETECH STUDY GROUP: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration - Phase II study results. Ophthalmology (2003) 110:979–986.
  • GRAGOUDAS E: VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization-1 (VISION-1): efficacy redulst from Phase II/III Macugen (pegaptanib sodium) clinical trials [abstract]. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2004) 45(E-abstract 2364).
  • SCHWARTZ S: Anti-VEGF: Eyetech - Macugen. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting (2004) New Orleans, LA; Retina Subspecialty Day supplement:35–7.
  • D'AMICO D, BIRD A: VEGF Inhibition Study in Ocular Neovascularization-1 (VISION-1): safety evaluation from the pivotal MacugenTm (pegaptanib sodium) clinical trials [abstract]. Invest OphthalmoL Vis. Sci. (2004) 45:E-abstract 2363.
  • ROACH L: Macugen ups the anti-AMD ante. Eyenet (2004) :29–30.
  • HEIER J, SY J, MCCLUSKEY E, RHUFAB V2 STUDY GROUP: RhuFab V2 in wet AMD -6 month continued improvement following multiple intravitreal injections. Invest Ophthalmol. Ws. (2003) 44:E-abstract 972.
  • HEIER J: Anti-VEGF: Genentech-Ranibizumab. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting (2004) New Orleans, LA; Retina Subspecialty Day supplement:38.
  • GUTTMAN C: Phase III study eyes intravitreal therapy for exudative AMD. Ophthalmology Times (2004) 29(13):40–41.
  • HOLASH J, DAVIS S, PAPADOPOULOS N et al.: VEGF-Trap: a VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects. PNAS (2002) 99:11393–11398.
  • SAISHIN Y, SAISHIN Y, TAKAHASHI K et al.: VEGF-TRAP R1R2 suppresses chroidal neovascularization and VEGF-induced breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. J. Cell. PhysioL (2003) 195:241–248.
  • TOLENTINO M, BRUCKER A, FOSNOT J et al.: Intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor small interfering RNA inhibits growth and leakage in nonhuman primate laser induced model of choroidal neovascularization. Retina (2004) 24:132–138.
  • REICH S, FOSNOT J, KUROKI A et al.: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VEGF effectively inhibits ocular neovascularization in a mouse model. MoL Vis. (2003) 9:210–216.
  • HOLEKAMP N, BOUCK N, VOLPERT O: Pigment epithelium-derived factor is deficient in the vitreous of patients with choroidal neovascularization due to age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (2002) 134:220–227.
  • TAKITA H, YONEYA S, GEHLBACK P et al.: Retinal neuroprotection against ischemic injury mediated by intraocular gene transfer of pigment epithelium derived factor. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2003) 44:4497–4504.
  • STELLMACH V, CRAWFORD S, ZHOU W, BOUCK N: Prevention of ischemia-induced retinopathy by the natural ocular antiangiogenic agent pigment epithelium-derived factor. Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:2593–2597.
  • MORI K, DUH E, GEHLBACK P et al.: Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits retinal and choroidal neovascularization. J. Cell. Invest. (2001) 188:253–263.
  • RASMUSSEN H, CHU K, P C et al.: Clinical protocol. An open-label, Phase I, single administration dose-escalation study of ADGVPEDF.11D (ADPEDF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Hum. Gene Ther. (2001) 12:2029–2032.
  • CAMPOCHIARO P, KLEIN M, HOLTZ E et al.: AdPEDF therapy for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV): preliminary Phase I results. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2004) 45:E-abstract 2361.
  • LEAHY K, ORNBERG R, WANG Y et el.: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by celecoxib reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in angiogenic endothelial cells in vivo. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:625–631.
  • GENAIDY M, KAZI A, PEYMAN G et al.: Effect of squalamine on iris neovascularization in monkeys. Retina (2002) 22:772–778.
  • HIGGINS R, SANDERS R, YAN Y et al.: Squalamine improves retinal neovascularization. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2000) 41:1507–1512.
  • CIULLA T, CRISWELL M, DANIS R et al.: Squalamine lactate reduces choroidal neovascularization in a laser-injury model in the rat. Retina (2003) 23:808–814.
  • WOESNNER J: The matrix metalloproteinase family. Academy Press, San Diego (1998) :1–14.
  • MATRISIAN L. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in matrix remodeling: Review. Trends Genet. (1990) 6:121–125.
  • ANAND-APTE B, PEPPER M, VOEST E et al.: Inhibition of angiogenesis by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1997) 38:817–823.
  • STEEN B, SEJERSEN S, BERGLIN L et al.: Matrix metalloproteinases and metalloproteinase inhibitors in choroidal neovascular membranes. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1998) 39:2194–2200.
  • FARIS R, APTE S, OLSEN B et al.: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 is a component of Bruch's membrane of the eye. Am. J. PathoL (1997) 150:323–328.
  • KAMEI M, HOLLEYFIELD J: TIMP-3 in Bruch's membrane: change during aging and in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1999) 40:2367–2375.
  • OZERDEM U, MACH-HOFACRE B, VARKI N et al.: The effect of prinomastat (AG2240), a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on uveal melanoma rabbit model. Curr. Eye Res. (2002) 24:86–91.
  • OZERDEM U, MACH-HOFACRE B, KEEFE K et al.: The effect of prinomastat (AG3340), a synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on posttraumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmic Res. (2001) 33:20–23.
  • CHENG L, RIVERO M, GARCIA C et al.: Evaluation of intraocular pharmacokinetics and toxicity of prinomastat (AG3340) in the rabbit. J. Ocular. Pharm. Ther. (2001) 17:295–304.
  • ZHANG K, MCDERMOTT C, BREKKEN J et al.: Ocular bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of AG3340, a potent MMP inhibitor with antiangiogenic activity, following oral administration. Proc. NY Acad. Sci.. Tampa, FL, (1998).
  • COLLIER M, YUEN B, BANSAL S et al.: Phase I study of the matrix metalloprotease inhibitor AG3340 given in a single dose to healthy volunteers. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (1997) 38:A1491.
  • GARCIA C, BARTSCH D, RIVERO M et al.: Efficacy of prinomastat (AG3340), a matrix metalloprotease inhibitor, in treatment of retinal neovascularization. Curr. Eye Res. (2002) 24:33–38.
  • NAMBU H, NAMBU R, MELIA M, CAMPOCHIARO P: Combretastatin A-4 phosphate suppresses development and induces regression of choroidal neovascularization. Invest. Ophthalmol. Sci. (2003) 44:3650–3655.
  • FOLKMAN J, INGBER D: Angiostatic steroids. Ann. Surg (1987) 206:374–382.
  • OHKUMA H, RYAN S: Experimental subretinal neovascularization in the monkey. Permeability of new vessels. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1983) 101:1102–1110.
  • SCHLAEGEL T: Ocular Histoplasmosis. Grund & Stratton, New York (1977).
  • MARTIDIS A, MILLER D, CIULLA T et al.: Corticosteroids as an antiangiogenic agent for histoplasmosis-related subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. J. Ocular. Pharm. Ther. (1999) 15:425–428.
  • CIULLA T, CRIS WELL M, DANIS R, HILL T: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide inhibits choroidal neovascularization in a laser-treated rat model. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2001) 119:399–404.
  • DANIS R, BINGAMAN D, YANG Y, LADD L: Inhibition of preretinal and optic nerve head neovascularization in pigs by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. Ophthalmology (1996) 103:2099–2104.
  • PENFOLD P, GYORY J, HUNYOR A, BILLSON F: Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone. A pilot study. Aust. N Zeal. J. Ophthalmol. (1995) 23:293–298.
  • DANIS R, CIULLA T, PRATT L et el.: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina (2000) 20:244–250.
  • RANSON N, DANIS R, CIULLA T, PRATT L: Intravitreal triamcinolone in subfoveal recurrence of choroidal neovascularisation after laser treatment in macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2002) 86:527–529.
  • CHALLA J, GILLIES M, PENFOLD P et al.: Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone: 18 month follow up. Aust. IV. Zeal. J. Ophthalmol. (1998) 26:277–281.
  • GILLIES M, SIMPSON J, LUO W et al.: A randomized clinical trial of a single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2003) 121:667–673.
  • SPAIDE R, SORENSON J, MARANAN L: Combined photodynamic therapy with verteporfin and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal neovascularization. Ophthalmology (2003) 110:1517–1525.
  • HERIOT W: Corticosteroids for AMD. American Academy of0phthalmology Annual Meeting (2004) New Orleans, LA; Retina Subspecialty Day supplement:24–25.
  • MOSHFEGHI D, KAISER P, SCOTT I et al.: Acute endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Am. J. Ophthalmol. (2003) 136:791–796.
  • JONAS J, KREISSIG I, HUGGER P et al.: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for exudative age-related macular degeneration. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2003) 87(462–8).
  • JONAS J, KREISSIG I, DEGENRING R: Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetone. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2003) 87:24–27.
  • CRUM R, SZABO S, FOLKMAN J: A new class of steroids inhibits angiogenesis in the presence of heparin or heparin fragment. Science (1995) 230:1375–1378.
  • CLARK A: AL-3789: a novel ophthalmic angiostatic steroid. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (1997) 6:1867–1877.
  • MCNATT L, WEIMER L, YANNI J, CLARK A: Angiostatic activity of steroids in the chick embryo CAM and rabbit cornea models of neovascularization. Ocular Pharm. Ther. (1999) 15:413–423.
  • THE ANECORTAVE ACETATE CLINICAL STUDY GROUP: Anecortave acetate as monotherapy for the treatment of subfoveal lesion in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - interim (month 6) analysis of clinical safety and effecacy. Retina (2003) 23:14–23.
  • CLARK A, MELLON J, Li X et el.: Inhibition of intraocular tumor growth by topical application of the antiangiogenic steroid anecortave acetate. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (1999) 40:2158–2162.
  • PENN J, RAJARATNAM V, COLLIER R, CLARK A: The effect of an angiostatic steroid on neovascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. (2001) 42:283–290.
  • THE ANECORTAVE ACETATE CLINICAL STUDY GROUP: Anecortave acetate as monotherapy for treatment of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration - twelve month clinical outcomes. Ophthalmology (2003) 110:2372–2383.
  • CIULLA T, CRISWELL M, DANIS R et al.: Choroidal neovascular membrane inhibition in a laser treated rat model with intraocular sustained release triamcinolone acetonide microimplants. Br. J. Ophthalmol. (2003) 87:1032–1037.
  • NADER N: Clinical trials show promise of intravitreal steroids, other therapies for retinal diseases. Ocular Surgery News (2004) 22(3):28–30.
  • YANG C, KHAWLY J, HAINS WORTH D et al.: An intravitreal sustained release triamcinolone and 5-fluorouracil codrug in the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Arch. Ophthalmol. (1998) 116:69–77.
  • PERKINS S, GALLEMORE R, YANG C et al.: Pharmacokinetics of the fluorcinolon/ 5-fluorouracil codrug in the gas-filled eye. Retina (2000) 20:514–519.

Websites

  • http://www.us.novartisophthalmics.com/ hcp/press-release/Visodyne_E_10.05.pdf Accessed 10/15/2004 VISUDYNE: launched in Japan for treatment of age-related macular degeneration [Press release dated 10/5/2004] [online].
  • http://www.qltinc.com/Qltinc/main/ mainpages.cfm?InternetPageID=143, ed Accessed 4/29/2004. QLT, Inc. Occult AMD.
  • http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medlearn/matters/ mmarticles/ 192004/MM3191.pdf Accessed 4/29/2004. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
  • http://www.retinal-research.org/ study_descriptions.htmlvisudyne Accessed 10/23/2003. Study compares early versus standard visudyne therapy for AMD. LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center.
  • http://www.miravant.com/Pages/ News_Center/News_Center_Frameset.htm Accessed 10/15/2004. MIRAVANT announces PHOTREX as new brand name for SnET2 PDT [press release dated 10/6/2004].
  • http://www.pharmacyclics.com/ webpage_templates/ tert.php3?page_name=pr_1 004643211 Accessed 9/24/2003. Pharmacyclics regains rights to Optrin from Alcon. Pharmacyclics, Inc.
  • http://www.lightsciences.com/news/ investnw.html Accessed 10/15/2004 Light Sciences to present Seattle's Invest Northwest Converence [press release dated 3/17/2004].
  • http://www.eyetk.com/clinical/ clinical_index.asp Accessed 9/25/2003 Eyetech pharmaceuticals, Inc. clinical trials. Eyetech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
  • http://www.eyetech.com/investors/ Press_Releases.asp Accessed 10/12/2004 Pfizer and Eyetech provide regulatory update on Macugen - pegaptanib sodium injection [press release dated 9/20/2004].
  • http://www.macular.org/news/clinical/ rhufab.html Accessed 9/25/2003 Genentech announces preliminary positive Phase lb/II data for rhuFab V2 in age-related macular degeneration. Genentech, Inc.
  • http://www.regeneron.com/investor/ press_detail.asp?v_c_id=194 Accessed 10/29/2004 Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. Initial Phase I study will evaluate safety and tolerability of VEGF Trap in patients with age-related macular degeneration [press release dated 3/9/2004].
  • http://www.acuitypharma.com/page5.html Accessed 10/6/2004. Acuity Pharmaceuticals. Acuity Pharmaceuticals announces first-ever IND for therapeutic RNAi [press release dated 8/10/2004].
  • http://www.acuitypharma.com/page5.html Accessed 10/7/2004 Acuity Pharmaceuticals. Acuity Pharmaceuticals closes $15 million financing and initiates first ever clinical trial of an RNAi therapeutic [press release dated 10/7/2004].
  • http://www.sirna.com/index/html Accessed 10/7/2004 Sirna Therapeutics, Inc. Sirna Therapeutics' first IND filing applies novel RNAi therapy to the treatment of age-related macular degeneration [press release dated 9/7/2004].
  • http://www.corporateirmedireye/ ir_site.zhtml?ticker=GNVC6cscript=4106c1 ayout=66citem_id=600931 Accessed 9/28/2004 GenVec, Inc. GenVec announces 2nd quarter 2004 financial results and updates on clinical programmes [press release dated 8/5/04].
  • http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ NCT00043680) Accessed 10/12/2004. Celecoxib to treat macular degeneration in patients receiving photodynamic therapy.
  • http://www.genaera.com/pressreleases/192003_oct7.html Accessed 10/11/2003 Genaera reports squalamine continues to improve vision at four months timepoint in age-related macular degeneration. Genaera Corp. [press release dated 10/7/2003].
  • http://www.genaera.com/pressreleases/ October°/0204,°/0202004.pdf Accessed 10/7/2004. Genaera Corporation. Genaera receives FDA Fast Track status for squalamine in macular degeneration [press release dated 10/4/04].
  • http://www.oxigene.com/press/ pressreleases.asp) Accessed 10/7/2004 OXiGENE, Inc. OXiGENE announces interim results of wet age-related macular degeneration trial of Combretastatin A4 Prodrug [press release dated 5/18/04].
  • http://www.nature.com/cgitaf/ DynaPage.taf?file=/eye/journal/vaop/ ncurrent/abs/6701438a.html Accessed 10/7/2004. JONAS J, DEGENRING R, KREISSIG I et al.: Exudative age-related macular degeneration treated by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. A prospective comparative nonrandomized study [advanced online publication]. Eye (2004).
  • http://wwwl.regenera.com.au/Uploacl/ docsAustralian_Biotechnology_News_Artic le_-_13_aug_04.pdf Accessed 10/7/2004 TRUDINGER M: Regenera sees new application for technology [online]. Australian Biotechnology News (2004).
  • http://vocuspr.vocus.com/VocusPR30/ Temp/Sites/2145/04-06-30%2ORETAANE°/020NDA9/020Release°/0 20E-mail.doc Accessed 10/10/2004. REGILLO C, JERDAN J: Anecortave acetate: prevention of AMD. American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting Retina Subspecialty Day supplement (2004) :10-11. Alcon, Inc. Alcon updates filing status of RETAANE® New Drug Application. [press release dated 6/30/04].
  • http://vocuspr.vocus.com/VocusPR30/ Temp/Sites/2145/ Risk°/020Reduction°/020Tria10/020Release°/0 20Final°/020E-mail.doc Accessed 10/12/2004. Alcon, Inc. Alcon to initiate new anecortave acetate clinical trials for age-related macular degeneration [press elease dated 11/13/03].
  • http:www.controldelivery.com/ PRMay 72003.htm Accessed 10/7/2004. CONTROL DELIVERY SYSTEMS: Analysis of 12-month data from diabetic macular edema clinical trail sponsored by Bausch & Lomb and Control Delivery Systems to be presented at ARVO 2003 [press release dated 5/7/2003].
  • http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/ NCT00032396 Accessed 10/10/2004. Clinical Trials.gov. A study to evaluate Retisert in the treatment of patients with the 'wet' form of age-related macular degeneration.
  • http://www.prnewswire.com/cgibin/ micro_stories.pl?ACCT=1465496cTICK= OCLX&STORY=/www/story/05-08-2003/ 00019429106cEDATE=May+8,+2003. Accessed 10/5/2003. Oculex announces positive clinical results for Posurdes (R) - The first biodegradable ocular implant in clinical trial [Press released dated 5/8/2003].

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.