32
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Emerging strategies for treatment of venous thromboembolism

Pages 87-94 | Published online: 22 Apr 2005

Bibliography

  • BULLER HR, AGNELLI G, HULL RD,HYERS TM, PRINS MH, RASKOB GE: Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest (2004) 126:S401–S428.
  • KOOPMAN MMW, PRANDONI P, PIOVELLA F et al: Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home. N Engl. J. Med. (1996) 334:682–687.
  • LEVINE MN, GENT M, HIRSH J et al: A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep vein thrombosis. N Engl. J. Med. (1996) 334:677–681.
  • PRANDONI P: Heparin and venous thromboembolism: current practice and future directions. Thromb. Haemost. (2001) 86:488–498.
  • HUTTEN B, PRINS M, GENT M et al: Incidence of recurrent thromboembolic and bleeding complications among patients with venous thromboembolism in relation to both malignancy and achieved international normalized ratio: a retrospective analysis. Clin. Onco/.(2000) 18:3078–3083.
  • PALARETI G, LEGNANI C, LEE A et al.: A comparison of the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation for the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with or without malignancy. Thromb. Haemost. (2000) 84:805–810.
  • PRANDONI P, LENSING AWA, PICCIOLI A et al.: Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer and venous thrombosis. Blood (2002) 100:3484–3488.
  • •Prospective study highlighting the risk of recurrent thromboembolism and bleeding complications in cancer patients with VTE undergoing conventional anticoagulation.
  • LEE AY, LEVINE MN, BAKER RI et al.: Randomized comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin versus oral anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:146–153.
  • ••Randomised clinical trial showing theadvantage of LiVINVH over oral anticoagulation in the initial treatment and secondary prevention of VTE in cancer patients.
  • MEYER G, MARJANOVIC Z, VALCKE J et al.: Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Arch. Intern. Med. (2002) 162:1729–1735.
  • THE COLUMBUS INVESTIGATORS : Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1997) 337:657–662.
  • SIMONNEAU G, SORS H, CHARBONNIER B et al.: A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1997) 337:663–669.
  • QUINLAN DJ, MCQUILLAN A, EIKELBOOM JW: Low-molecular-weight heparin compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann. Intern. Med. (2004) 140:175–183.
  • GOLDHABER SZ, VISANI L, DE ROSA M: Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet (1999) 353: 1386–1389.
  • GRIFONI S, OLIVOTTO I, CECCHINI P et al.: Short-term clinical outcome of patients with acute pulmonary embolism, normal blood pressure, and echocardiographic right ventricular dysfunction. Circulation (2000) 101:2817–2822.
  • AGNELLI G, BECATTINI C, KIRSCHSTEIN T: Thrombolysis versus heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Arch. Intern. Med. (2002) 162:2537–2541.
  • THABUT G, THABUT D, MYERS RP et al.: Thrombolytic therapy of pulmonary embolism. A meta-analysis. J. Am. Coll Cardiol (2002) 40:1660–1667.
  • KONSTANTINIDES S, GEBEL A, HEUSEL G et al.: Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347:1143–1150.
  • •Randomised clinical trial showing the advantage of alteplase combined with heparin over heparin alone in the initial treatment of non-critical patients with PE and heart ventricular dysfunction.
  • TEN WOLDE M, SOHNE M, QUAKE, MAC GILLAVRY MR, BULLER HR: Prognostic value of echocardiographically assessed right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism. Arch. Intern. Med. (2004) 164:1685–1689.
  • PRANDONI P, LENSING AWA, COGO A et al.: The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann. Intern. Med. (1996) 125:1–7.
  • PRANDONI P, VILLALTA S, BAGATELLA P et al: The clinical course of deep-vein thrombosis. Prospective long-term follow-up of 528 symptomatic patients. Haematologica (1997) 82:423–428.
  • HANSSON PO, SORBO J, ERIKSSON H: Recurrent venous thromboembolism after deep vein thrombosis. Incidence and risk factors. Arch. Intern. Med. (2000) 1260:769–774.
  • HEIT JA, MOHR DN, SILVERSTEIN MD, PETTERSON TM, O'FALLON WM, MELTON 3rd LJ: Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. A population-based cohort study. Arch. Intern. Med. (2000) 160:761–768.
  • SCHULMAN S, RHEDIN AS, LINDMARKER P et al.: A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332:1661–1665.
  • KEARON C, GENT M, HIRSH J et al: A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:901–907.
  • AGNELLI G, PRANDONI P, SANTAMARIA MG et al.: Three months versus one year of oral anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic deep venous thrombosis. N Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:165–169.
  • PINEDE L, NINET J, DUHAUT P et al.: Comparison of 3 and 6 months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and comparison of 6 and 12 weeks of therapy after isolated calf deep vein thrombosis. Circulation (2001) 103:2453–2460.
  • AGNELLI G, PRANDONI P, BECATTINI G et al.: Extended oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of pulmonary embolism. Ann. Intern. Med. (2003) 139:19–25.
  • SCHULMAN S, GRANQVIST S, HOLMSTROM M et al.: The duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:393–398.
  • KEARON C, GINSBERG JS, ANDERSON DR et al.: Comparison of 1 month with 3 months of anticoagulation for a first episode of venous thromboembolism associated with a transient risk factor. J. Thromb Haemost (2004) 2:743–749.
  • RIDKER PM, GOLDHABER SZ, DANIELSON E et al.: Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 348:1425–1434.
  • •Randomised clinical trial showing the benefit of administering a lower intensity warfarin regimen to patients with VTE after the first months of conventional anticoagulation.
  • KEARON C, GENT M, HIRSH J et al.: A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. N Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:901–907.
  • •Randomised clinical trial shoving the superiority of conventional anticoagulation over a lower intensity warfarin regimen in patients with VTE after the first months of conventional anticoagulation.
  • PRANDONI P, LENSING AWA, PRINS MH et al.: Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Ann. Intern. Med. (2002) 137:985–990.
  • •Prospective study demonstrating that the residual vein thrombosis, as shown by serial ultrasonographies after the first episode of DVT is a powerful risk factor of recurrent thromboembolism.
  • PIOVELLA F, CRIPPA L, BARONE M et al.: Normalization rates of compression ultrasonography in patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: association with recurrence and new thrombosis. Haematologica (2002) 87:515–522.
  • GOMEZ-OUTES A. LECUMBERRI R, LAFUENTE-GUIJOSA A, MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ J, CARRASCO P, ROCHA E: Correlation between thrombus regression and recurrent venous thromboembolism. Examining venographic and clinical effects of low-molecular-weight heparins: a meta-analysis. j Thromb. Haemost. (2004) 2:1581–1587.
  • PALARETI G, LEGNANI C, COSMI B, GUAZZALOCA G, PANCANI C, COCCHERI S: Risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence: high negative predictive value of D-dimer performed after oral anticoagulation is stopped. Thromb. Haemost. (2002) 87:7–12.
  • •Prospective study showing the low rate of recurrent thromboembolism in patients with DVT who have a negative D-dimer one month after discontinuation of oral anticoagulation.
  • FATTORINI A, CRIPPA L, VIGANO D'ANGELO S, PATTARINI E, D'ANGELO A: Risk of deep vein thrombosis recurrence: high negative predictive value of D-dimer performed during oral anticoagulation. Thromb. Haemost. (2002) 88:162–163.
  • THE REMBRANDT INVESTIGATORS : Treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis with a novel synthetic compound (5R90107A/0RG31540) with pure anti-factor Xa activity. A Phase II evaluation. Circulation (2000) 102:2726–2731.
  • THE MATISSE INVESTIGATORS: Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:1695–1702.
  • ••Randomised clinical trial showing the non-inferiority of fondaparinux in comparison with UFH in the initial treatment of PE.
  • BULLER HR, DAVIDSON BL, DECOUSUS H et al.: Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis. Ann. Intern. Med. (2004) 140:867–873.
  • ••Randomised clinical trial showing the non-inferiority of fondaparinux in comparison with LiVIWH in the initial treatment of DVT.
  • PRANDONI P. Toward the simplification of antithrombotic treatment of venous thromboembolism. Ann. Intern. Med. (2004) 140:925–926.
  • THE PERSIST INVESTIGATORS: A novel long-acting synthetic Factor Xa inhibitor (SanOrg34006) to replace warfarin for secondary prevention in deep vein thrombosis. A Phase II evaluation. Thromb. Haemost. (2004) 2:47–53.
  • HAVERKAMP D, HUTTEN BA, BULLER HR, GALLUS AS, LENSING AW, PRINS MH: The use of specific antidotes as a response to bleeding complications during anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism. j Thromb. Haemost. (2003) 1:69–73.
  • ERIKSSON H, WAHLANDER K, GUSTAFSSON D et al.: A randomized, controlled, dose-guiding study of the oral direct thrombon inhibitor ximelagatran compared with standard therapy for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis. Thromb. Haemost. (2003) 1:41–47.
  • FRANCIS CW, GINSBERG JS, BERKOWITZ SD et al.: Efficacy and safety of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran compared with current standard heparin therapy for acute symptomatic deep vein thrombosis, with or without pulmonary embolism. Blood (2003) 102:6a (abstract).
  • SCHULMAN S, WAHLANDER K, LUNDSTROM T, CLASON SB, ERIKSSON H: Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:1713–1721.
  • ••Randomised clinical trial showing thesuperiority of ximelagatran over placebo in the secondary prevention of thromboembolism after the first 6 months of conventional anticoagulation.
  • RUYI H. Assessment of efficacy and safety for Exanta (ximelagatran). FDA report (2004, September 10).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.