137
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Emerging drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Pages 423-434 | Published online: 17 Sep 2007

Bibliography

  • AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC (2000).
  • PENNINGTON BF, OZONOFF S: Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry (1996) 37:51-87.
  • DOYLE AE: Executive functions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2006) 67(Suppl. 8):21-26.
  • WILLCUTT EG, DOYLE AE, NIGG JT, FARAONE SV, PENNINGTON BF: Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Biol. Psychiatry (2005) 57:1336-1346.
  • SCAHILL L, SCHWAB-STONE M: Epidemiology of ADHD in school-age children. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. (2000) 9:vii,541-555.
  • ROWLAND AS, UMBACH DM, STALLONE L, NAFTEL AJ, BOHLIG EM, SANDLER DP: Prevalence of medication treatment for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder among elementary school children in Johnston County, North Carolina. Am. J. Public Health (2002) 92:231-234.
  • DEY AN, BLOOM B: Summary health statistics for US children: National Health Interview Survey, 2003. Vital. Health Stat. 10 (2005):1-78.
  • BIEDERMAN J, NEWCORN J, SPRICH S: Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry (1991) 148:564-577.
  • BIEDERMAN J, MICK E, FARAONE SV et al.: Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic. Am. J. Psychiatry (2002) 159:36-42.
  • FARAONE SV, BIEDERMAN J, MICK E et al.: Family study of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry (2000) 157:1077-1083.
  • SPENCER T, BIEDERMAN J, COFFEY B et al.: A double-blind comparison of desipramine and placebo in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorder and comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (2002) 59:649-656.
  • FARAONE SV, KHAN SA: Candidate gene studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2006) 67 (Suppl. 8):13-20.
  • BIEDERMAN J, FARAONE SV, KEENAN K et al.: Further evidence for family-genetic risk factors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Patterns of comorbidity in probands and relatives in psychiatrically and pediatrically referred samples. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1992) 49:728-738.
  • WOLRAICH ML, WIBBELSMAN CJ, BROWN TE et al.: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents: a review of the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical implications. Pediatrics (2005) 115:1734-1746.
  • BARKLEY RA, FISCHER M, SMALLISH L, FLETCHER K: The persistence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder into young adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. (2002) 111:279-289.
  • CULPEPPER L: Primary care treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2006) 67(Suppl. 8):51-58.
  • FARAONE SV, BIEDERMAN J: What is the prevalence of adult ADHD? Results of a population screen of 966 adults. J. Atten. Disord. (2005) 9:384-391.
  • KESSLER RC, ADLER L, BARKLEY R et al.: The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Am. J. Psychiatry (2006) 163:716-723.
  • JENSEN PS, SHERVETTE RE III, XENAKIS SN, RICHTERS J: Anxiety and depressive disorders in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: new findings. Am. J. Psychiatry (1993) 150:1203-1209.
  • FARAONE SV, BIEDERMAN J, LEHMAN BK et al.: Intellectual performance and school failure in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and in their siblings. J. Abnorm. Psychol. (1993) 102:616-623.
  • MILBERGER S, BIEDERMAN J, FARAONE SV, CHEN L, JONES J: ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (1997) 36:37-44.
  • SOBANSKI E: Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. (2006) 256(Suppl. 1):I26-I31.
  • LEIBSON CL, KATUSIC SK, BARBARESI WJ, RANSOM J, O'BRIEN PC: Use and costs of medical care for children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. JAMA (2001) 285:60-66.
  • SECNIK K, SWENSEN A, LAGE MJ: Comorbidities and costs of adult patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacoeconomics (2005) 23:93-102.
  • SWANSON JM, SERGEANT JA, TAYLOR E, SONUGA-BARKE EJ, JENSEN PS, CANTWELL DP: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder. Lancet (1998) 351:429-433.
  • OLFSON M: New options in the pharmacological management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Manag. Care (2004) 10:S117-S124.
  • GREENHILL LL, HALPERIN JM, ABIKOFF H: Stimulant medications. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (1999) 38:503-512.
  • MCCABE SE, TETER CJ, BOYD CJ: The use, misuse and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students. Subst. Use Misuse (2004) 39:1095-1116.
  • KROUTIL LA, VAN BRUNT DL, HERMAN-STAHL MA, HELLER DC, BRAY RM, PENNE MA: Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants in the United States. Drug Alcohol Depend. (2006) 84:135-143.
  • ARNSTEN AF, LI BM: Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions. Biol. Psychiatry (2005) 57:1377-1384.
  • PLISZKA SR, CRISMON ML, HUGHES CW et al.: The Texas Children's Medication Algorithm Project: revision of the algorithm for pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (2006) 45:642-657.
  • WILENS TE, FARAONE SV, BIEDERMAN J, GUNAWARDENE S: Does stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? A meta-analytic review of the literature. Pediatrics (2003) 111:179-185.
  • BIEDERMAN J, LOPEZ FA, BOELLNER SW, CHANDLER MC: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of SLI381 (Adderall XR) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics (2002) 110:258-266.
  • PELHAM WE, GNAGY EM, BURROWS-MACLEAN L et al.: Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics (2001) 107:E1-E15.
  • Concerta (methylphenidate HCl) [prescribing information]. McNeil Pediatrics, Fort Washington, PA (2007).
  • Ritalin (methylphenidate HCl) LA [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (2007).
  • BIEDERMAN J, QUINN D, WEISS M et al.: Efficacy and safety of Ritalin LA, a new, once daily, extended-release dosage form of methylphenidate, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Paediatr. Drugs (2003) 5:833-841.
  • DIRKSEN SJ, D'IMPERIO JM, BIRDSALL D, HATCH SJ: A postmarketing clinical experience study of Metadate CD. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2002) 18:371-380.
  • Focalin (dexmethylphenidate HCl) XR [prescribing information]. Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ (2007).
  • GREENHILL LL, MUNIZ R, BALL RR, LEVINE A, PESTREICH L, JIANG H: Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (2006) 45:817-823.
  • SPENCER TJ, ADLER LA, MCGOUGH JJ, MUNIZ R, JIANG H, PESTREICH L: Efficacy and safety of dexmethylphenidate extended-release capsules in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol. Psychiatry (2007) 61:1380-1387.
  • PELHAM WE, BURROWS-MACLEAN L, GNAGY EM et al.: Transdermal methylphenidate, behavioral, and combined treatment for children with ADHD. Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2005) 13:111-126.
  • PELHAM WE Jr, MANOS MJ, EZZELL CE et al.: A dose-ranging study of a methylphenidate transdermal system in children with ADHD. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (2005) 44:522-529.
  • GARLAND EJ: Pharmacotherapy of adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: challenges, choices and caveats. J. Psychopharmacol. (1998) 12:385-395.
  • WILENS TE, GIGNAC M, SWEZEY A, MONUTEAUX MC, BIEDERMAN J: Characteristics of adolescents and young adults with ADHD who divert or misuse their prescribed medications. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (2006) 45:408-414.
  • WILENS TE, SPENCER TJ, BIEDERMAN J, WEISLER RH, READ SC, PRATT R: Mixed amfetamine salts extended release: cardiovascular safety in adolescents with ADHD. Presented at the 158th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Atlanta, GA (2005).
  • WEISLER RH, READ SC, SEA D, MAYS DA, TULLOCH SJ: Cardiovascular effects of mixed amfetamine salts XR in adult ADHD. Presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Washington, DC (2004).
  • WEISLER RH, BIEDERMAN J, SPENCER TJ, WILENS TE: Long-term cardiovascular effects of mixed amfetamine salts extended release in adults with ADHD. CNS Spectr. (2005) 10:35-43.
  • WILENS TE, BIEDERMAN J, PODOLSKI A et al.: Amfetamine treatment of ADHD in adults with primary essential hypertension. Presented at the 158th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Atlanta, GA (2005).
  • KELSEY DK, SUMNER CR, CASAT CD et al.: Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, including an assessment of evening and morning behavior: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics (2004) 114:E1-E8.
  • MICHELSON D, ALLEN AJ, BUSNER J et al.: Once-daily atomoxetine treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Psychiatry (2002) 159:1896-1901.
  • MICHELSON D, FARIES D, WERNICKE J et al.: Atomoxetine in the treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. Pediatrics (2001) 108:E83.
  • Strattera (atomoxetine HCl) [prescribing information]. Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN (2006).
  • MICHELSON D, ADLER L, SPENCER T et al.: Atomoxetine in adults with ADHD: two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Biol. Psychiatry (2003) 53:112-120.
  • WAXMONSKY JG: Nonstimulant therapies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Essent. Psychopharmacol. (2005) 6:262-276.
  • WILENS TE, HAIGHT BR, HORRIGAN JP et al.: Bupropion XL in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Biol. Psychiatry (2005) 57:793-801.
  • MAIDMENT ID: The use of antidepressants to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. J. Psychopharmacol. (2003) 17:332-336.
  • MOTAVALLI MUKADDES N, ABALI O: Venlafaxine in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. (2004) 58:92-95.
  • SPENCER TJ, BIEDERMAN J, WILENS TE, FARAONE SV: Novel treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2002) 63(Suppl.12):16-22.
  • GRCEVICH S, HODGKINS P, BOKEN M, CAPONE NM: Prescription fill rates and adherence to ADHD medication. Presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. San Diego, CA (2006).
  • MARCUS SC, WAN GJ, KEMNER JE, OLFSON M: Continuity of methylphenidate treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. (2005) 159:572-578.
  • BLICK SK, KEATING GM: Lisdexamfetamine. Paediatr. Drugs (2007) 9:129-135.
  • BIEDERMAN J, KRISHNAN S, ZHANG Y, MCGOUGH JJ, FINDLING RL: Efficacy and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (NRP-104) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, forced-dose, parallel-group study. Clin. Ther. (2007) 29:450-463.
  • MONCRIEF S, CURTISS S, KRISHNAN S: Pharmacokinetics of NRP 104 (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate) following administration of a single intranasal, intravenous, or oral dose in rats. Presented at the 58th Institute on Psychiatric Services. New York, NY (2006).
  • JASINSKI D, KRISHNAN S: Abuse liability of intravenous lisdexamfetamine (LDX; NRP104). Presented at the 58th Institute on Psychiatric Services. New York, NY (2006).
  • ARNSTEN AF: Fundamentals of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: circuits and pathways. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2006) 67 (Suppl. 8):7-12.
  • SOLANTO MV: Dopamine dysfunction in AD/HD: integrating clinical and basic neuroscience research. Behav. Brain Res. (2002) 130:65-71.
  • WILENS TE: Mechanism of action of agents used in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2006) 67 (Suppl. 8):32-38.
  • BIEDERMAN J, SPENCER T: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a noradrenergic disorder. Biol. Psychiatry (1999) 46:1234-1242.
  • SPENCER TJ, BIEDERMAN J, MADRAS BK et al.: In vivo neuroreceptor imaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a focus on the dopamine transporter. Biol. Psychiatry (2005) 57:1293-1300.
  • LASSER K, BOYD JW, WOOLHANDLER S, HIMMELSTEIN DU, MCCORMICK D, BOR DH: Smoking and mental illness: A population-based prevalence study. JAMA (2000) 284:2606-2610.
  • LEVIN ED, REZVANI AH: Nicotinic treatment for cognitive dysfunction. Curr. Drug Targets CNS Neurol. Disord. (2002) 1:423-431.
  • MARTIN LF, KEM WR, FREEDMAN R: α-7 nicotinic receptor agonists: potential new candidates for the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) (2004) 174:54-64.
  • REZVANI AH, LEVIN ED: Cognitive effects of nicotine. Biol. Psychiatry (2001) 49:258-267.
  • PORRINO LJ, DAUNAIS JB, ROGERS GA, HAMPSON RE, DEADWYLER SA: Facilitation of task performance and removal of the effects of sleep deprivation by an ampakine (CX717) in nonhuman primates. PLoS Biol. (2005) 3:E299.
  • ERMER JC, SHOJAEI A, PENNICK M, ANDERSON CS, SILVERBERG A, YOUCHA SH: Bioavailability of triple-bead mixed amfetamine salts compared with a dose-augmentation strategy of mixed amfetamine salts extended release plus mixed amfetamine salts immediate release. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2007) 23:1067-1075.
  • ERMER JC, PENNICK M, ANDERSON CS, LI Y, GRISWOLD NL, YOUCHA SH: The effect of food on the pharmacokinetic profile of SPD465, a novel long-acting mixed salts of a single-entity amfetamine formulation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy. St. Louis, MO (2006).
  • WIGAL T, KOLLINS S, GOLARZ H, SILVERBERG A, YOUCHA SH: SPD465 duration of effect: a prospective, double-blind, crossover study. Presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. San Diego, CA (2006).
  • WIGAL T, CHILDRESS A, GOLARZ H, LI Y, YOUCHA SH: Clinical evaluation of SPD465, a novel ADHD compound. Presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. San Diego, CA (2006).
  • SPENCER TJ, ADLER L, WEISLER RH: Extended duration of action of triple-bead mixed amfetamine salts (SPD465), a 16-hour amfetamine formulation, in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Presented at the 160th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. San Diego, CA (2007).
  • BRIGHT GM, DELPHIA B, WILDBERGER B: Survey evaluation of the abuse potential of short-acting versus long-acting stimulants in ADHD. Presented at the CHADD's 2006 Annual International Conference. Chicago, IL (2006).
  • HORRIGAN JP, BARNHILL LJ: Guanfacine for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys. J. Child Adolesc. Psychopharmacol. (1995) 5:215-223.
  • HUNT RD, ARNSTEN AF, ASBELL MD: An open trial of guanfacine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (1995) 34:50-54.
  • TAYLOR FB, RUSSO J: Comparing guanfacine and dextroamfetamine for the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2001) 21:223-228.
  • CHAPPELL PB, RIDDLE MA, SCAHILL L et al.: Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry (1995) 34:1140-1146.
  • SCAHILL L, CHAPPELL PB, KIM YS et al.: A placebo-controlled study of guanfacine in the treatment of children with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry (2001) 158:1067-1074.
  • ARNSTEN AF, CONTANT TA: α-2 adrenergic agonists decrease distractibility in aged monkeys performing the delayed response task. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) (1992) 108:159-169.
  • STEERE JC, ARNSTEN AF: The α-2A noradrenergic receptor agonist guanfacine improves visual object discrimination reversal performance in aged rhesus monkeys. Behav. Neurosci. (1997) 111:883-891.
  • BOELLNER SW, PENNICK M, SHOJAEI A, FISKE K, LYNE A, KERKERING J: Pharmacokinetics of guanfacine extended release in children and adolescents with ADHD. Presented at the 58th Institute on Psychiatric Services. New York, NY (2006).
  • MELMED RD, PATEL A, KONOW J, SCHERER N, BIEDERMAN J: Efficacy and safety of guanfacine extended release for children and adolescents with ADHD. Presented at the 2006 US Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress. New Orleans, LA (2006).
  • WILENS TE, VERLINDEN MH, ADLER LA, WOZNIAK PJ, WEST SA: ABT-089, a neuronal nicotinic receptor partial agonist, for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: results of a pilot study. Biol. Psychiatry (2006) 59:1065-1070.
  • ADLER LA: Treatment of adult ADHD with the novel ampakine CX717. Presented at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. San Diego, CA (2006).
  • CAPONE NM, MCDONNELL T, BUSE J, KOCHHAR A: Persistence with common pharmacologic treatments for ADHD. Presented at the CHADD's 2005 Annual International Conference. Dallas, TX (2005).
  • FARAONE SV, SPENCER TJ: Comparing the efficacy of medications for ADHD using meta-analysis. Presented at the 159th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Toronto, Canada (2007).
  • MILBERGER S, BIEDERMAN J, FARAONE SV, CHEN L, JONES J: Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children? Am. J. Psychiatry (1996) 153:1138-1142.
  • PATAKI CS, FEINBERG DT, MCGOUGH JJ: New drugs for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Opin. Emerging Drugs (2004) 9(2):293-302.
  • Focalin XR® [package insert]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis AG (2006).
  • Daytrana® [package insert]. Wayne, PA: Shire US, Inc. (2007).
  • Strattera® [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly & Co. (2006).

Websites

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.