21
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Progress in the drug treatment of tropical diseases

, &
Pages 327-380 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • WERNSDORFER WH: Epidemiology of drug resistance in malaria. Acta Trop. (1994) 56(2):143–156.
  • A review of the epidemiology of drug resistance in malaria worldwide.
  • LEGE-OGUNTOYE L, ADAGU L, WERBLINSKA B, OGALA WN, SLOTBOOM AB: Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to sulfadoxine-pyrime-thiamine combination in semi-immune children in Zeria, northern Nigeria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1990) 84:505–506.
  • Howell MJ (Ed.), Australian Academy of Science, Brisbane (1986):180–196. A review of the efficacy status of antimalarials in Thailand.
  • VERDRAGER J: Epidemiology of emergence and spread of drug-resistant falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia and Australia. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1986) 89:277–289.
  • GIBODA M, DENIS MB: Response of Kampuchean strains of Plasmodium falciparum to anti-malarials: in vivo assessment of quinine and quinine plus tetracycline: multiple drug resistance in vitro. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1988) 91(4):205–211.
  • KARBWANG J, MUNGTHIN M, THANAVIBUL A, NA-BANGCHANG K, HARINASUTA T: Artemether saved a patient with severe falciparum malaria after quinine treatment failure (RIII-type of quinine resistance). Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health (1994) 25(4):782–783.
  • First documented RIII response to quinine with confirmation of quinine levels in plasma.
  • BOUDREAU EF, WEBSTER HK, PAVANAND K, THOSINGHA L: Type I1 mefloquine resistance in Thailand. Lancet (1982) ii:1335. First reported case of mefloquine resistance at RII level.
  • BUNNAG D, VIRAVAN C, KARBWANG J, et al.: Clinical trials with halofantrine in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Thailand. Southeast Asian I Trop. Med. Public Health (1993) 24(1):43–48.
  • KETRANGSEE S, VIJAYAKADGA S, YAMOKGUL P, et al.: Comparative trial on the response of Plasmodium falciparum to halofantrine and mefloquine in Trat Province, Eastern Thailand. Southeast Asian I Trop. Med. Public Health (1992) 23(1):51–54.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, THIMASARN K, et al.: Mefloquine levels in patients with mefloquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum in the eastern part of Thailand. Southeast Asian Trop. Med. Public Health (1993) 24(2):226–229.
  • FONTANET AL, JOHNSTON BD, WALKER AM, et al.: Falciparum malaria in eastern Thailand: a randomized trial of the efficacy of a single dose of mefloquine. Bull. WHO (1994) 72(1):73–81.
  • SMITHUIS FM, VAN WOENSEL JBM, NORDLANDER E, VANTHA WS, TER KUILE FO: Comparison of two mefloquine regimens for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the North-eastern Thai-Cambodian border. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1993) 37:1977-1981.
  • WARRELL DA, LOOAREESUVVAN S, WARRELL MJ, et al.: Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind study in 100 comatose patients. New Engl. I Med. (1982) 306(6):313–319.
  • KARBWANG J, SUKONTASON K, RIMCHALA W, et al.: Preliminary report: a comparative clinical trial of artemether and quinine in severe falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian I Trop. Med. Public Health (1992) 23(4):768–772.
  • JELINEK T, SCHELBERT P, LOSCHER T, EICHENLAUB T, EICHENTAUB D: Quinine resistant falciparum malaria acquired in east Africa. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1995) 46(1):38–40.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, THANAVIBUL A, et al.: Comparison of oral artesunate and quinine plus tetracycline in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Bull. WHO (1994) 72(2):233–238.
  • DELORON P, LEPERS JP, VERDIER F, et al.: Efficacy of a 3-day oral regimen of a quinine quinidine cinchonine association (Quinimax®) for treatment of falciparum malaria in Madagas-car. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1989) 83:751–754.
  • DELORON P, LEPERS JP, ANDRIAMANGATIANA-RASON MD, COULANGES P: Short-term oral cinchona alkaloids regimens for treatment of falciparum malaria in Madagascar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1990) 84:54.
  • BARENNES H: Is intrarectal quinine a safe alternative to intramuscular injectable quinine Trop. Doc. (1994) 24:32–33.
  • BARENNES H, KAHIATANI F, PUSSARD E, et al.: Intrarectal Quinimax® (an association of Cinchona alkaloids) for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Niger: efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 89:418–421.
  • BARENNES H, PUS SARD E, MAHAMAN SANI A, et al.: Intrarectal Quinimax® (a combination of Cinchona alkaloids) administered at 3 different dosages to children with Plasmodium falci-parum malaria in Niger. Clin. Drug Invest. (1996) 11(3):154–158.
  • SMRKOVSKI LL, BUCK RL, ALCATARA AK, RODRIGUEZ ES, UYLANCO CU: In vitro mefloquine resistant P. falciparum from the Philippines. Lancet (1982) ii:322.
  • PHILLIPS-HOWARD PA, TER KUILE FO: CNS adverse events associated with antimalarial agents: fact or fiction Drug Safety (1995) 12:370–383.
  • Extensive review of CNS adverse effect of antimalarials.
  • WEINKE T, TRAUTMANN M, HELD T: Neuropsychiatric side-effects after the use of mefloquine. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1991) 45:86–91.
  • BEM JL, KERR L, STURCHLER D: Mefloquine prophylaxis: an overview of spontaneous reports of severe psychiatric reactions and convulsions. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1992) 45:167–179.
  • HORTON RJ, PARR SN, BOKER LC: Clinical experience with halofantrine in the treatment of malaria. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. (1990) 16:497–503.
  • CHITCHANG S, WONGTEPTEIN S: A clinical trial of halofantrine in acute uncomplicated malaria in Thai soldiers. Parasitol. Today (1989) Suppl.:21–26.
  • KARBWANG J, MILTON KA, NA-BANGCHANG K, et al.: Pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in Thai patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1991) 31:484–487.
  • The study showed a wide interindividual variation in absorption.
  • MILTON KA, EDWARDS G, WARDS SA, ORME ML'E, BRECKENRIDGE AM: Pharmacoki-netics of halofantrine in man: effects of food and dose size. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1989) 28:71–77.
  • GAY F, BUSTOS DG, DIQUET B, ROJAS R, LITAUDON M: Cross resistance between mefloquine and halofantrine. Lancet (1990) 2:1262.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, BUNNAG D, HARINASUTA T, LAOTHAVORN P: Cardiac effect of halofantrine. Lancet (1993) 342:501.
  • The study suggests the direct correlation between halofantrine concentrations and prolongation of QTc interval.
  • BUNNAG D, KARBWANG J, HARINASUTA T: Artemether in the treatment of multiple drug resistant falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian I Trop. Med. Public Health (1992) 23:762–767.
  • BUNNAG D, KARBWANG J, CHITAMAS S, HARINASUTA T: Intramuscular artemether in female patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health (1993) 24:49–52.
  • CHINA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ON QINGHAOSU AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-MALARIALS: Clinical studies on the treatment of malaria with qinghaosu and its derivatives. J. Trad. Chin. Med. (1982) 2:17–24.
  • CHINA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ON QINGHAOSU AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-MALARIALS: Clinical studies on the treatment of malaria with qinghaosu and its derivatives. J Trad. Chin. Med. (1982) 2:25–30.
  • CHINA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ON QINGHAOSU AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-MALARIALS: Clinical studies on the treatment of malaria with qinghaosu and its derivatives. J. Trad. Chin. Med. (1982) 2:31–44.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, THANAVIBUL A, et al.: Comparison of oral artemether and mefloquine in acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Lancet (1992) 340:1245–1248.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, WATTANAGOON Y, THANAVIBUL A, HARINASUTA T: Artemether 5 versus 7-day regimen for severe falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian I Trop. Med. Public Health (1994) 25(4):702–706.
  • The need for longer artemether treatment in severe P. falciparum was shown in this study.
  • KARBWANG J, NA-BANGCHANG K, THANAVIBUL A, et al.: A comparative clinical trial of artemether and the sequential regimen of artemether-mefloquine in multidrug resistant falci-parum malaria. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1995) 36:1079–1083.
  • 24-hour short course regimen for multidrug-resistant P. falciparum was shown to be effective.
  • MYINT PT, SHWE T: A controlled clinical trial of artemether (qinghaosu derivative) versus quinine in complicated and severe falciparum malaria. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1987) 81:559–561.
  • MYINT PT, SHWE T, LIN S: Clinical study of the treatment of cerebral malaria with artemether (qinghaosu derivative). Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1989) 83:72.
  • WANG TY, XU RC: Clinical studies of treatment of falciparum malaria with artemether, a derivative of qinghaosu. I Trad. Chin. Med. (1985) 5:240–242.
  • MEHRA N, BHASIN VK: In vitro gametocitocidal activity of artemisinin and its derivatives on Plasmodium falciparum. Japan J. Med. Sci. Biol. (1993) 46:37–43.
  • LI G-Q, GUO X-B, FU L-C: Clinical trials of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of falciparum malaria in China. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:S1/5-S1/8.
  • LOOAREESUWAN S, WILAIRATANA P, VANUANONTA S, et al.: Treatment of acute, uncom-plicated malaria with oral dihydroartemisinin. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1996) 90:21–28.
  • CHINA COOPERATIVE RESEARCH GROUP ON QINGHAOSU: Studies on the toxicity of qinghaosu and its derivatives. J. Trad. Chin. Med. (1982) 2:31–38.
  • UNDP/WORLD BANK WHO SPECIAL PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN TROPICAL DISEASES (TDR): Tropical disease research - progress 1991–1992. 1 Th Programme Report. Geneva (1993).
  • PHARMA BIO-RESEARCH B.V.: Dose range-finding study: efficacy and tolerability study of 13-arteether treatment for adult Thai patients with falciparum malaria. Report PBR-930214-1 (1995).
  • SCHILDBACH S, WERNSDORFER WH, SUEBSAENG L, ROONEY W: In vitro sensitivity of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum to new candidate antimalarial drugs in Western Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop. Med. Public Health (1990) 21:29–38.
  • CHAN C, TANG LH, JANTANAVIVAT C: Studies on a new antimalarial compound: pyronarid-ine. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1992) 86:7–10.
  • LOOAREESUVVAN S, KYLE DE, VIRAVAN C, et al.: Clinical study of pyronaridine for the treatment of acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Thailand. Am. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 54(2):205–209.
  • CHAN C, XIANYU Z: Development of the new antimalarial drug pyronaridine: a review. Biomed. Environ. Sci. (1992) 5:149–160.
  • RINGWALD P, BICKII J, BASCO L: Randomised trial of pyronaridine versus chloroquine for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa. Lancet (1996) 347:24–28.
  • SHAO B, HUANG Z-S, SHI X-H, MENG F: A 5-year surveillance of sensitivity in vivo of Plasmodium falciparum to pyronaridine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Diaoluo area, Hainan Province. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health (1991) 22(1):65–67.
  • BASCO LK, RAMILIARISOA 0, LE BRAS J: In vitro activity of atovaquone against the African isolates and clones of Plasmodium falciparum. Am. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 53(4):388–391.
  • HUTCHINSON DBA: Clinical evaluation of atovaquone in the treatment of malaria. Abstracts of the XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Jomtien, Pataya, Thailand (1994) 1:201.
  • LOOAREESUVVAN S, VIRAVAN C, WEBSTER HK, et al.: Clinical studies of atovaquone, alone or in combination with other antimalarial drugs, for treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in Thailand. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 54(1):62–66.
  • A 3-day course treatment with the combination of atovaquone and proguanil proved to be very effective against multidrug-re-sistant P. falciparum.
  • PETERS W, ROBINSON BL: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. LI. Studies on a new 8-aminoquinoline, WR 238,605. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1993) 87(6):547–552.
  • Peters W, Richards WHG (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1984):83–121.
  • RADLOFF PD, PHILIPPS J, NKEYI M, HUTCHINSON D, KREMSNER PG: Atovaquone and proguanil for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lancet (1996) 347(9014):1511–1514.
  • Atovaquone/proguanil shown to be effective in Africa.
  • CIBA-GIEGY PHARMACEUTICALS: Ciba co-develops antimalarial drug with Chinese Part-ners. Press Release (2 December, 1994).
  • NA-BANGCHANG K, WATTANAGOON Y, THANAVIBUL A, et al.: Dose finding study of coartemether for acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria. XIVth International Congress for Tropical Diseases and Malaria. Nagasaki, Japan (17–22 November 1996):206, Abstract 0–20.
  • MILHOUS WK: Evaluation of WR 238 605 in rodent malaria models. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1992) 47(Suppl.):89.
  • CENTRAL DRUG RESEARCH INSTITUTE: Annual Report, 1993-1994. Lucnow (1994):31.
  • GUSTAF S SON LL, BEERMAN B, ABDU YA: Handbook of drugs for tropical parasitic infections. Taylor & Francis (1987).
  • FHOFFMANN-LA ROCHE: Lariam®. Product Brochure. F Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland.
  • MEPHA: Mepha Satellite Symposium. XIII International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Pattaya, Thailand (29 November - 4 December 1994).
  • SMITHKLINE BEECHAM: Halfan®. Product Brochure. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, France.
  • KUNMING PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY: Artemether. Product Brochure. Kunming Pharma-ceutical Factory, China.
  • ARENCO N.V.: Artenam® (13-Artemether). Product Brochure. Arenco N.V., Belgium.
  • RHONE-POULENC RORER: Paluther®. Product Brochure. Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, France.
  • GUILLIN PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY: Artesunate antimalarial. Product Brochure. Guillin Pharmaceutical Factory, China.
  • MEPHA PHARMACEUTICAL FACTORY: Artesunate. Product Brochure. Mepha Pharmaceutical Factory, Switzerland.
  • COTEC NEW TECHNOLOGY CORP.: Cotecxin. Product Brochure. COTEC New Technology Corp., Beijing, China.
  • TRIGG PI, OLLIARO P: Status of antimalarial drugs under development. Bull. WHO (1995) 73(5):565–571.
  • Ro 42–1611 (arteflene). VI International Congress for Infectious Diseases. Prague (26–30 April 1994).
  • ARTECEF B.V.: Drugs for treatment of severe (cerebral) P. faleiparum malaria. Artecee paediatric, Artecee adult. Product Brochure. Artecef B.V., Maarssen, The Netherlands.
  • CIBA-GIEGY: CGP 56697 (Co-artemether). Product Brochure. Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basle, Swit-zerland.
  • ELUEZE EI, CROFT SL, MARHURST DC: Activity of pyronaridine and mepacrine against 12 strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.1 Antimicrob. Chemother. (1996) 37:511–518.
  • Malarone®: atovaquone/proguanil hydrochloride. Satellite Symposium. XIV International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Nagasaki (18–21 November 1996).
  • ZIFFER H, TOROK DS: Syntheses and antimalarial activities of N-substituted 11-azaartemisin-ins. I Med. Chem. (1995) 38(26):5045–5050.
  • PU YM, TOROK D, ZIFFER H, PAN XQ, MESHNICK SR: Synthesis and antimalarial activities of several fluorinated artemisinin derivatives. I Med. Chem. (1995) 38(20):4120–4124.
  • POSNER GH, MCGARVEY DJ, CHANG HO, KUMAR N, MESHNICK ASSAWAMAHASADKA W: Structure-activity relationships of lactone ring-opened analogs of the antimalarial 1,2,4-tri-oxane artemisinin.1 Med. Chem. (1995) 38(4):607–612.
  • VENNERSTROM JL, FU HN, ELLIS WY, et al.: Dispiro-1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes: a new class of antimalarial peroxides. I Med. Chem. (1992) 35(16):3023–3027.
  • PETERS W, ROBINSON BL: The chemotherapy of rodent malaria. XLIX. The activities of some synthetic 1,2,4-trioxanes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant parasites. Part 2: Structure-activity studies on cis-fused cyclopenteno-1,2,4- trioxanes (fenozans) against drug-sensitive and drug resistant lines of Plasmodium berghei and P. yoleii spp. NS in vivo. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1993) 87(1):9–16.
  • POSTNER GH, OH CH, GERENA L, MILHOUS WK: Extraordinary potent antimalarial com-pounds: new structurally simple, easily synthesized, tricyclic 1,2,4-trioxanes. J. Med. Chem. (1992) 35:2459–2467.
  • VENNERSTROM JL, MAKLER MT, ANGERHOFER CK, WILLIAMS JA: Antimalarial dyes revisited: xanthines, azines, oxazines and thiazines. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1995) 39(12):2671–2677.
  • ATAMNA H, KRUGLIAK M, SHALMIEV Get al.: Mode of antimalarial effect of methylene blue and some of its analogues on Plasmodium falciparum in culture and their inhibition of P. vinkei petteri and P. yoelii nigeriensis in vivo. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1996) 51(5):693–700.
  • RAYNES K, FOLEY M, TILLEY L, DEADY LW: Novel bisquinoline antimalarials: synthesis, antimalarial activity, and inhibition of haem polymerization. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1996) 52(4):551–559.
  • LI R, KENYON GL, COHEN FE, et al.: In vitro antimalarial activity of chalcones and their derivatives. I Med. Chem. (1995) 38(26):5031–5037.
  • BERMAN J, BROWN L, MILLER R, et al.: Antimalarial activity of WR 243 251, a dihydroacrid-inedione. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1994) 38(8):1753–1756.
  • STELMA FF, TALLA I, SOW S, et al.: Efficacy and side-effects of praziquantel in an epidemic focus of Schistosoma mansoni. Am. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 53(2):167–170.
  • ISMAIL M, METWALLY A, FARGHALY A, et al.: Characterization of isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from Egyptian villagers that tolerate high doses of praziquantel. Am. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 55(2):214–218.
  • PEPIN J, MILORD F, MEURICE F, et al.: High dose nifurtimox for arseno-resistant Ttypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness: an open trial in central Zaire. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.(1992) 86:254–256.
  • Study suggests that differences in the cure rate with nifurtimox in African trypanosomiasis may be due to regional differences of parasite sensitivity to this drug. Dose increase will improve the cure rate, but cause higher toxicity.
  • PEPIN J, KHONDE N: Relapse following treatment of early-stage Ttypanosomal brucei gambiense sleeping sickness with a combination of pentamidine and suramin. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 90:183–186.
  • PEPIN J, MILORD F, KHONDE A, et al.: Gambiense trypanosomiasis: frequency of, and risk factors for, failure of melarsoprol therapy. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:447–452.
  • A thorough analysis of factors governing the efficacy of melarsoprol in the treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.
  • MILORD F, PEPIN J, LOKO L, ETHIER L, MPIA B: Efficacy and toxicity of eflornithine for treatment of Ttypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness. Lancet (1992) 340:652–655.
  • An important contribution to the evaluation of a novel trypanocidal compound (eflornithine) in the treatment of sleeping sickness caused by T. b. gambiense.
  • TAELMAN H, CLERNIX J, BOGAERTS J, VERVOORT T: Combination treatment with suramin and eflornithine in late stage Rhodesian trypanosomiasis: case report. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 90:572–573.
  • BALES JD, HARRISON SM, MBWABI DL: Treatment of arsenical refractory Rhodesian sleeping sickness in Kenya. Ann. Trop. Med. ParasitoL (1989) 83(Suppl.):111–114.
  • A noteworthy practical review of alternative treatment in the management of sleeping sickness caused by arsenical-refractory T. b. rhodesiense.
  • MILORD F, LOKO L, ETHIER L, MPIA B, PEPIN J: Eflornithine concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 63 patients treated for Trypanosoma brucei sleeping sickness. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1993) 87:473–477.
  • An important pharmacokinetic study of eflornithine in sleeping sickness (T. b. gambiense) with significant consequences for age-related dosing.
  • MOENS F, DE WILDE M, KILA N: Essai de traitement au nifurtimox de la trypanosomiase humaine africaine. Ann. de la Societe Beige de Medecine Tropicale (1984) 64:37–43.
  • VAN NIEWENHOV E, DE CLERCQ J: Nifurtimox therapy in late-stage arsenical-refractory Gambiense sleeping sickness. Abstract of the 20th Meeting of the International Scientific Council for Trypanosomiasis Research Control. Mombasa (April 1989).
  • PEPIN J, MILORD F, MPIA B, et al.: An open clinical trial of nifurtimox for arseno-resistant •Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in central Zaire. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1989) 83:514–517.
  • Thorough observations on nifurtimox in the treatment of sleeping sickness in Zaire, raising controversy over earlier reported higher efficacy of the compound.
  • FOULES JR: Metronidazole and suramin combination in the treatment of arsenical refractory Rhodesian sleeping sickness- a case study. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1996) 90:422.
  • GALLERANO R, MARR J, SOSA R: Therapeutic efficacy of allopurinol in patients with Chagas disease. Am. I Trop. Med. Hyg. (1990) 43:159–166.
  • Paper on allopurinol in the treatment of Chagas disease that subsequently raised a yet unresolved controversy over the efficacy of the compound in infection with T. cruzi.
  • Tropical Disease Research. Progress 1975–94. UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases. WHO, Geneva.
  • SANCHEZ G, ZULANTAY I, VENGAS J, et al.: Treatment with allopurinol and itraconazole changes lytic activity in patients with chronic, low grade Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 89:438–439.
  • An interesting study on itraconazole in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease in Chile; comparison with allopurinol.
  • AVILA J, AVILA A, MUNOZ E: Effect of allopurinol on different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Am. J Trop. Med. Hyg. (1981) 30:769–774.
  • A study suggesting geographical differences in the sensitivity of T. cruzi, elucidating, in part, the controversial clinical results obtained with this compound in Chagas disease.
  • MACCABE R, REMINGTON J, ARAUJO F: In vitro and in vivo effects of itraconazole against Trypanosoma cruzi. Am. J Trop. Med. Hyg. (1986) 35:280-284.Sound study on the clinical and in vitro efficacy of itraconazole against T. cruzi.
  • HANSON WL, WAITS VB, KINNAMON KE, POON BT: Searching for effective drugs against Chagas disease: a look at some standards. Abstracts, XIVth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Nagasaki (November 1996). Abstract 0-29–8.
  • ASHFORD RW, DESJEUX P, DE RAAD P: Estimation of population at risk of infection and number of cases of leishmaniasis. ParasitoL Today (1992) 8:104–105.
  • SEGOVIA M, NAVARRO A, ARTERO JM: The effect of liposome-entrapped desferrioxamine on Leishmania donovani in vitro. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. (1989) 83:357–360.
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: Geographical distribution of foci of the leishmaniases. In: The Leishmaniases. Technical Report Series. WHO, Geneva (1984) 701:23–54.
  • DAVIDSON RN, CROFT SL: Recent advances in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1993) 87:130–131.
  • An excellent review of therapeutic approaches to, and recent advances in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).
  • THAKUR CP, KUMAR M, OANDEY AK: Comparison of regimens for treatment of antimony resistant kala-azar patients: a randomized study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1991) 45:435-441. A noteworthy systemic study of alternative treatment of kala-azar resistant to pentavalent antimonials.
  • JHA SN, SINGH NK, JHA TK: Changing response to diamidine compounds in cases of kala-azar unresponsive to antimonials. J. Assoc. Phys. India (1991) 39:314–316.
  • GACHIHI GS, WERE JBO, COYNE PE, et al.: A prospective randomized trial of sodium stiboglu-conate alone versus sodium stibogluconate plus allopurinol in the treatment of visceral leishma-niasis in Kenya. XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Diseases and Malaria. Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand (November/December 1992) 2. Abstract TuP8–13.
  • VELEZ ID, AGUDELO S, HENDRICKX E, et al.: Lack of efficacy of allopurinol for Colombian cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomised, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. XIVth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Nagasaki (November 1996). Abstract P–02–36.
  • Peters W, Killick-Kendrick R (Eds.), Academic Press, London (1987):793–845.
  • A very important review of leishmaniasis, crucial for the understanding ofthe biology and the treatment of this group of diseases.
  • THAKUR CP, OLLIARO P, GOTHOSKAR S al.: Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) with aminosidine (= paromomycin)-antimonial combinations, a pilot study in Bihar, India. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1992) 86:615–616.
  • Evaluation of aminosidine, in combination with pentavalent antimonials, in kala-azar in India, suggesting high efficacy.
  • SCOTT JAG, DAVIDSON RN, MOODY AH, et al.: Aminosidine (paromomycin) in the treatment of leishmaniasis imported into the United Kingdom. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1992) 86:617–619.
  • Evaluation of aminosidine, in combination with pentavalent antimonials, in kala-azar cases imported into the UK from Southern Asia, suggesting high efficacy.
  • HEPBURN NC, T1DMAN MJ, HUNTER JAA: Aminosidine (paromomycin) versus sodium stibo-gluconate for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:700–703.
  • Study suggesting low efficacy of aminosidine in cutaneous leishmaniasis of the New World.
  • SOTO J, GROGL M, BERMAN J, OLLIARO P: Limited efficacy of injectable aminosidine as single-agent therapy for Colombian cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:695–698.
  • Observations indicating limited value of aminosidine monotherapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia.
  • TEKLEMARIAM S, HIWOT AG, FROMMEL D, et al.: Aminosidine and its combination with sodium stibogluconate in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:334–339.
  • Important paper on the efficacy of aminosidine, in combination with Na-stibogluconate, in the treatment of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania aethiopica.
  • NEAL RA, MURPHY AG, OLLIARO P, CROFT L: Aminosidine ointments for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:223–225.
  • BRYCESON ADM, MURPHY A, MOODY AH: Treatment of 'Old World' cutaneous leishmani-asis with aminosidine ointment: results of an open study in London. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:226–228.
  • Good paper on improvement of topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by the use of aminosidine ointment.
  • HEPBURN NC, SIDDIQUE I, HOWIE Al, BECKETT GJ, HAYES PC: Hepatotoxicity of sodium stibogluconate therapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:453–455.
  • MISHRA M, BISWAS UK, JHA DN, KHAN All: Amphotericin versus pentamidine in antimony-unresponsive kala-azar. Lancet (1992) 340:1256–1257.
  • Thorough study indicating a high therapeutic potential of amphotericin B in the treatment of kala-azar resistant to pentavalent antimonials.
  • SUNDAR S, SINGH VP, AGRAWAL NK, MURRAY HW: Rationalisation of the doses of liposomal amphotericin B in refractory Indian visceral leishmaniasis - a randomised study. XIVth Interna-tional Congress for Tropical Diseases and Malaria. Nagasaki (November 1996). Abstract 0-323–6.
  • HASHIM FA, KHALLI EAG, ISMAIL A, EL HASSAN AM: Apparently successful treatment of two cases of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin B. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 89:440.
  • THAKUR CP: Comparison of glucose versus fat emulsion in the preparation of amphotericin B for use in kala-azar. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1994) 88:698–699.
  • Noteworthy paper highlighting the importance of the formulation of amphotericin B in arriving at a well-tolerated, effective treatment of kala-azar.
  • DIETZE R, FAGUNDEZ SMS, BRITO EF, et al.: Treatment of kala-azar in Brazil with Amphocil (amphotericin B cholesterol dispersion) for 5 days. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1995) 89:309–311.
  • Study confirming the high efficacy and good tolerability of amphotericin B cholesterol dispersion in short-course treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.
  • CROFT SL, NEAL RA, THORNTON EA, HERRNIANN DBJ: Antileishmanial activity of the ether phospholipid ilmofosine. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. (1993) 87:217–219.
  • Interesting report on the experimental activity of a new candidate compound, ilmofosine, against Leishmania donovani in vitro and in animal models.
  • WHITWORTH JAG, DOWNHAM MD, LAHAI G, MAUDE GH: A community trial of ivermectin for onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone: compliance and parasitological profiles after three and a half years of intervention. Trop. Med. Intern. Hlth. (1996) 1:52–58.
  • A thorough evaluation of a community-based approach to the prevention of gross pathological manifestations of onchocerciasis through the periodic administration of ivermectin.
  • MICHAEL E, MEYROWITSCH DW, SIMONSEN PE: Cost and cost effectiveness of mass diethyl-carbamaiine chemotherapy for the control of bancroftian filariasis: comparison of four strategies in Tanzania. Trop. Med. Intern. Hlth. (1996) 1:414–426.
  • Important study on the prevention of gross pathology of lymphatic filariasis (Wucheria bancrofti) in a tropical African urban and pen-urban setting through MDA with DEC: evaluation of four strategies.
  • GUDERIAN RH, ANSELMI M, NARANJO A, PROANO R, POLTERA AA: The chemotherapeutic effect of amocarzine (CGP 6140) on Onchocerca vulvulus in the Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Preliminary results. XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand (November/December 1992) 2. Abstract FrP7–9.
  • MANSOR SM, RAMANATHAN S, NAVARATNAM V: The metabolic products of a new candi-date antifilarial drug UMF-078 in rats. XIVth International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria. Nagasaki (November 1996). Abstract P–02–49.
  • POLTERA AA, LIUTAN L, CASSIGNEUL J et al.: Worm expulsion and reversibility of hepato-binary changes in chronic human fascioliasis following tridabendazole (CGP 23030). Preliminary results. XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Diseases and Malaria. Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand (November/December 1992) 2. Abstract Fr03–6.
  • GUDERIAN RH, CALYOPINA M, POLTERA AA: Tridabendazole chemotherapy for pulmonary paragonimiasis in Ecuadorian patients. Preliminary results. XIIIth International Congress for Tropical Diseases and Malaria. Jomtien, Pattaya, Thailand (November/December 1992) 2. Abstract MoP7–8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.