19
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Update on novel antiepileptic drugs

&
Pages 381-395 | Published online: 24 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • SANDER JW, SHORVON SD: Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodo-logical problems: a review. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1987) 50:829–839.
  • A comprehensive review of the epidemiology of epilepsy worldwide with a special emphasis on methodological problems that can result in spurious results.
  • COCKERELL OC, HART YM, SANDER JVVAS, SHORVON SD: The cost of epilepsy in the United Kingdom: an estimation based on the results of two population-based studies. Epilepsy Res. (1994)18:249–260.
  • A thorough estimation of the cost of epilepsy, both in terms of direct and indirect costs.
  • SANDER JW: Some aspects of prognosis in the epilepsies: a review. Epilepsia (1993) 34:1007–1016.
  • An excellent review of all aspects of the prognosis of epilepsy.
  • WALKER MC, SANDER JVVAS: The impact of new antiepileptic drugs on the prognosis of epilepsy: seizure freedom should be the ultimate goal. Neurology (1996) 46:912–914.
  • A controversial review considering the outcome measures that should be used in antiepileptic drug trials, and the relatively disappointing impact of new antiepileptic drugs on the prognosis of epilepsy.
  • MATTSON RH, CRAMER JA, COLLINS JF, et al.: Comparison of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin and primidone in partial and secondary generalised tonic-clonic seizures. New Engl. J. Med. (1985) 313:145–151.
  • WALKER MC, SANDER JWAS: Overtreatment with antiepileptic drugs: how extensive is the problem CNS Drugs (1994) 2(5):335–340.
  • PATSALOS PN, SANDER JVVAS: Newer antiepileptic drugs: towards an improved risk-benefit ratio. Drug Safety (1994) 11:37-67. A thorough review of new antiepileptic drugs.
  • WALKER MC, PATSALOS PN: Clinical pharmacokinetics of new antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol. Ther. (1995) 67:351–384.
  • A thorough review of new antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics with a proposed scoring system which emphasises those aspects of the pharmacokinetics which are clinically important.
  • LOSCHER W, SCHMIDT D: New drugs for the treatment of epilepsy. Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs (1993) 2(10):1067–1095.
  • An excellent review of antiepileptic drug development, including animal models and mechanisms of action.
  • PENNELL PB, OGAILY MS, MACDONALD RL: Aplastic anemia in a patient receiving felbamate for complex partial seizures. Neurology (1995) 45:456–460.
  • O'NEIL MG, PERDUN CS, WILSON MB, MCGOWN ST, PATEL S: Felbamate-associated fatal acute hepatic necrosis. Neurology (1996) 46:1457–1459.
  • Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (Eds.), Raven Press, New York (1995):823–827.
  • WALLIS RA, PANIZZON KL: Felbamate neuroprotection against CA1 traumatic neuronal injury. Eur. I Pharmacol. (1995) 294:475–482.
  • CHRONOPOULOS A, STAFSTROM C, THURBER S, et al.: Neuroprotective effect of felbamate after kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. Epilepsia (1993) 34:359–366.
  • WASTERLAIN CG, ADAMS LM, SCHWARTZ PH, et al.: Posthypoxic treatment with felbamate is neuroprotective in a rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Neurology (1993) 43:2303–2310.
  • WILDER BJ, CAMPBELL K, RAMSAY RE, et al.: Safety and tolerance of multiple doses of intramuscular fosphenytoin substituted for oral phenytoin in epilepsy or neurosurgery. Arch. Neurol. (1996) 53:764–768.
  • JAMERSON BD, DUKES GE, BROUVVER KL, et al.: Venous irritation related to intravenous administration of phenytoin versus fosphenytoin. Pharmacotherapy (1994) 14:47–52.
  • RAMSAY RE, DETOLEDO J: Intravenous administration of fosphenytoin: options for the management of seizures. Neurology (1996) 46:S17–19.
  • TAYLOR CP: Emerging perspectives on the mechanism of action of gabapentin. Neurology (1994) 44\(Suppl. 5):S10–16.
  • GEE NS, BROWN JP, DISSANAYAKE VU, et al.: The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel. I Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:5768–5776.
  • TAYLOR CP, VARTANIAN MG, YUEN PW, et al.: Potent and stereospecific anticonvulsant activity of 3-isobutyl GABA relates to in vitro binding at a novel site labeled by tritiated gabapentin. Epilepsy Res. (1993) 14:11–15.
  • KILPATRICK ES, FORREST G, BRODIE MJ: Concentration-effect and concentration-toxicity relations with lamotrigine: a prospective study. Epilepsia (1996) 37:534–538.
  • Levy RH, Mattson RH, Meldrum BS (Eds.), Raven Press, New York (1995):1063–1070.
  • WALKER MC, SANDER JVVAS: Topiramate: a new antiepileptic drug for refractory epilepsy. Seizure (1996) 5:199–204.
  • RING HA, TRIMBLE MR, COSTA DC, et al.: Effect of vigabatrin on striatal dopamine receptors: evidence in humans for interactions of GABA and dopamine systems. I Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1992) 55:758–761.
  • AICARDI J, MUMFORD JP, DUMAS C, WOOD S: Vigabatrin as initial therapy for infantile spasms: a European retrospective survey. Sabril IS Investigator and Peer Review Groups. Epilepsia (1996) 37:638–642.
  • PITKANEN A: Treatment with antiepileptic drugs: possible neuroprotective effects. Neurology (1996) 47:S12–16.
  • A paper describing the possible neuroprotective effects of antiepileptic drugs given prior to status epilepticus. This may be important as it has been suggested that seizures themselves may produce neuronal damage, and thus drugs that prevent this damage may improve the prognosis in some epilepsy syndromes.
  • WALKER MC, SANDER JW: Developments in antiepileptic drug therapy. Curr. Opin. Neurol. (1994) 7:131–139.
  • GOWER AJ, NOYER M, VERLOES R, GOBERT J, WULFERT E: UCB L059, a novel anti-con-vulsant drug: pharmacological profile in animals. Eur. I Pharmacol. (1992) 222:193–203.
  • NOYER M, GILLARD M, MATAGNE A, HENICHART JP, WULFERT E: The novel antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (UCB L059) appears to act via a specific binding site in CNS membranes. Eur. Pharmacol. (1995) 286:137–146.
  • STEIN U, KLESSING K, CHATTERJEE SS: Losigamone. Epilepsy Res. Suppl. (1991) 3:129–133.
  • DIMPFEL W, CHATTERJEE SS, NOLDNER M, TICKU MK: Effects of the anticonvulsant losigamone and its isomers on the GABA-A receptor system. Epilepsia (1995) 36:983–989.
  • ANDERSEN KE, BRAESTRUP C, GRONVVALD FC, et al.: The synthesis of novel GABA uptake inhibitors.!. Elucidation of the structure-activity studies leading to the choice of (R)-1-14,4-bis(3-methyl-2-thieny1)-3-buteny11-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid (Tiagabine) as an anticonvulsant drug candidate. J. Med. Chem. (1993) 36:1716–1725.
  • An interesting paper demonstrating how different synthetic approaches can lead to different drug candidates and the basis on which the final choice is made.
  • WALKER MC, LI LM, SANDER JWAS: Long term use of lamotrigine and vigabatrin in severe refractory epilepsy: audit of outcome. Br. Med. J. (1996) 313:1184-1185. The results of this audit suggest that the newer antiepileptic drugs have no effect on the prognosis of severe refractory epilepsy.
  • POP E, BODOR N: Chemical systems for delivery of antiepileptic drugs to the central nervous system. Epilepsy Res. (1992) 13:1–16.
  • This paper describes a method of improving antiepileptic drug penetration into the central nervous system and by this means possibly improving their efficacy.
  • SVEINBJORNSDOTTIR S, SANDER JW, UPTON D, et al.: The excitatory amino acid antagonist D-CPP-ene (SDZ EAA-494) in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. (1993) 16:165-174. A study in which a drug that was well tolerated in healthy volunteers had unacceptable adverse events in patients with epilepsy.
  • JOHNSON JW, ASCHER P: Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature (1987) 325:529–531.
  • DE VAREBEKE JP, NIEBES P, PAUVVELS G, ROBA J, KORF J: Effect of milacemide, a glycinamide derivative, on the rat brain gamma-aminobutyric acid system. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1983) 32:2751–2755.
  • SEMBA J, CURZON G, PATSALOS PN: Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics and neurophar-macokinetics in individual rats by repetitive withdrawal of blood and cerebrospinal fluid: milacemide. Br. I Pharmacol. (1993) 108:1117–1124.
  • An important study demonstrating how an understanding of an antiepileptic drug's neuropharmacolcinetics can explain its inefficacy in clinical trials.
  • SANDER JW, PATSALOS PN: An assessment of serum and red blood cell folate concentrations in patients with epilepsy on lamotrigine therapy. Epilepsy Res. (1992) 13:89–92.
  • DE SARRO G, CHIM1RRI A, DE SARRO A, et al.: GYM 52466 and related 2,3-benzodiazepines as anticonvulsant agents in DBA/2 mice. Eur. J Pharmacol. (1995) 294:411–422.
  • SHIMIZU-SASAMATA M, KAWASAKI-YATSUGI S, et al.: YlV190K: pharmacological charac-terization as a selective and potent alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate/kai-nate receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1996) 276:84–92.
  • OHMORI J, KUBOTA H, SHIMIZU-SASAMATA M, OKADA M, SAKANIOTO S: Novel alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor antagonists: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 6-(1H-imidazol-1-y1)-7-nitro-2,3(1H,4H)-pyrido 12,3-blpyrazinedione and related compounds. J. Med. Chem. (1996) 39:1331–1338.
  • DALBY NO, THOMSEN C: Modulation of seizure activity in mice by metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands. I Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1996) 276:516–522.
  • MONN JA, VALLI MJ, JOHNSON BG, et al.: Synthesis of the four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate: identification of a potent, highly selective, and systemically-active agonist for metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cydase. J. Med. Chem. (1996) 39:2990–3000.
  • DURMULLER N, CRAGGS M, MELDRUM BS: The effect of the non-NMDA receptor antagonist GYM 52466 and NBQX and the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist D-CPPene on the development of amygdala kindling and on amygdala-kindled seizures. Epilepsy Res. (1994) 17:167–174.
  • A paper describing the different effects of specific glutamate receptor antagonists on the development of epilepsy, and seizures.
  • TEMKIN NR, DIKMEN SS, WILENSKY AJ, et al.: A randomized, double-blind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures. New Engl. J. Med. (1990) 323:497-502. A paper showing the inefficacy of phenytoin in preventing the development of late epilepsy following head trauma.
  • FOY PM, CHADWICK DW, RAJGOPALAN N, JOHNSON AL, SHAW MDM: Do prophylactic anticonvulsant drugs alter the pattern of seizures after craniotomy I Neural. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1992) 55:753–757.
  • A paper demonstrating the inefficacy of both carbamazepine and phenytoin as prophylaxis following craniotomy.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.