Bibliography
- Hughes RA, Cornblath DR. Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet 2005;366(9497):1653-66
- van Doorn PA, Ruts L, Jacobs BC. Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet Neurol 2008;16(10):939-50
- Van Koningsveld R, Van Doorn PA, Schmitz PI, Mild forms of Guillain-Barre syndrome in an epidemiologic survey in The Netherlands. Neurology 2000;54(3):620-5
- Ruts L, Drenthen J, Jongen JLM, Pain in Guillain-Barre syndrome. A long-term follow-up study. Neurology 2010;75(16):1439-47
- Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Doorn PA. Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2010;6:CD002063
- Raphael JC, Chevret S, Hughes RA, Annane D. Plasma exchange for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2002;(2):CD001798
- Asbury AK, Arnason BG, Adams RD. The inflammatory lesion in idiopathic polyneuritis. Its role in pathogenesis. Medicine (Baltimore) 1969;48(3):173-215
- McKhann GM, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, Acute motor axonal neuropathy: a frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann Neurol 1993;33(4):333-42
- Uncini A, Manzoli C, Capasso M. Acute motor conduction block neuropathy or acute multifocal motor neuropathy: an attempt at a nosological systematization. Muscle Nerve 2010;41(2):283-5, author reply 85
- Griffin JW, Li CY, Ho TW, Pathology of the motor-sensory axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1996;39(1):17-28
- Nagashima T, Koga M, Odaka M, Continuous spectrum of pharyngeal-cervical-brachial variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 2007;64(10):1519-23
- Yuki N. Fisher syndrome and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (Fisher-Bickerstaff syndrome). J Neuroimmunol 2009;215(1-2):1-9
- Jacobs BC, Rothbarth PH, van der Meche FG, The spectrum of antecedent infections in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a case-control study. Neurology 1998;51(4):1110-15
- Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-Bolyai JZ, Guillain-Barre syndrome following vaccination in the National Influenza Immunization Program, United States, 1976–1977. Am J Epidemiol 1979;110(2):105-23
- Hughes RA, Charlton J, Latinovic R, Gulliford MC. No association between immunization and Guillain-Barre syndrome in the United Kingdom, 1992 to 2000. Arch Intern Med 2006;166(12):1301-4
- Lasky T, Terracciano GJ, Magder L, The Guillain-Barre syndrome and the 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 influenza vaccines. N Engl J Med 1998;339(25):1797-802
- Van Asseldonk JT, Franssen H, Van den Berg-Vos RM, Multifocal motor neuropathy. Lancet Neurol 2005;4(5):309-19
- Kuijf ML, Godschalk PC, Gilbert M, Origin of ganglioside complex antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2007;188(1-2):69-73
- Kuijf ML, Samsom JN, van Rijs W, TLR4-mediated sensing of Campylobacter jejuni by dendritic cells is determined by sialylation. J Immunol 2010;185(1):748-55
- Yu RK, Usuki S, Ariga T. Ganglioside molecular mimicry and its pathological roles in Guillain-Barre syndrome and related diseases. Infect Immun 2006;74(12):6517-27
- Kaida K, Morita D, Kanzaki M, Ganglioside complexes as new target antigens in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 2004;56(4):567-71
- Hafer-Macko CE, Sheikh KA, Li CY, Immune attack on the Schwann cell surface in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Ann Neurol 1996;39(5):625-35
- Willison HJ, Halstead SK, Beveridge E, The role of complement and complement regulators in mediating motor nerve terminal injury in murine models of Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2008;201-202:172-82
- Hughes RA, Wijdicks EF, Benson E, Supportive care for patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 2005;62(8):1194-8
- Durand MC, Porcher R, Orlikowski D, Clinical and electrophysiological predictors of respiratory failure in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5(12):1021-8
- Walgaard C, Lingsma HF, Ruts L, Prediction of respiratory insufficiency in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 2010;67(6):781-7
- Hughes RA, Newsom-Davis JM, Perkin GD, Pierce JM. Controlled trial prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy. Lancet 1978;2(8093):750-3
- The prognosis and main prognostic indicators of Guillain-Barre syndrome. A multicentre prospective study of 297 patients. The Italian Guillain-Barre Study Group. Brain 1996;119(Pt 6):2053-61
- Sedano MJ, Calleja J, Canga E, Berciano J. Guillain-Barre syndrome in Cantabria, Spain. An epidemiological and clinical study. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;89(4):287-92
- Winer JB, Hughes RA, Osmond C. A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. I. Clinical features and their prognostic value. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51(5):605-12
- Chio A, Cocito D, Leone M, Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective, population-based incidence and outcome survey. Neurology 2003;60(7):1146-50
- van Koningsveld R, Steyerberg EW, Hughes RA, A clinical prognostic scoring system for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet Neurol 2007;6(7):589-94
- Alshekhlee A, Hussain Z, Sultan B, Katirji B. Guillain-Barre syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals. Neurology 2008;70(18):1608-13
- Dornonville de la Cour C, Jakobsen J. Residual neuropathy in long-term population-based follow-up of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 2005;64(2):246-53
- Bernsen RA, de Jager AE, Schmitz PI, van der Meche FG. Long-term impact on work and private life after Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2002;201(1-2):13-17
- Bernsen RA, de Jager AE, Kuijer W, Psychosocial dysfunction in the first year after Guillain-Barre syndrome. Muscle Nerve 2010;41(4):533-9
- de Vries JM, Hagemans ML, Bussmann JB, Fatigue in neuromuscular disorders: focus on Guillain-Barre syndrome and Pompe disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010;67(5):701-13
- Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, Samijn JP, Fatigue in immune-mediated polyneuropathies. European Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) Group. Neurology 1999;53(8):1648-54
- Forsberg A, Press R, Einarsson U, Impairment in Guillain-Barre syndrome during the first 2 years after onset: a prospective study. J Neurol Sci 2004;227(1):131-8
- Garssen MP, Van Koningsveld R, Van Doorn PA. Residual fatigue is independent of antecedent events and disease severity in Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol 2006;253(9):1143-6
- Plasmapheresis and acute Guillain-Barre syndrome. The Guillain-Barre syndrome Study Group. Neurology 1985;35(8):1096-104
- Efficiency of plasma exchange in Guillain-Barre syndrome. role of replacement fluids. French Cooperative Group on Plasma Exchange in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 1987;22(6):753-61
- Hughes RA, Swan AV, Raphael JC, Immunotherapy for Guillain-Barre syndrome: a systematic review. Brain 2007;130(Pt 9):2245-57
- Schroder A, Linker RA, Gold R. Plasmapheresis for neurological disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2009;9(9):1331-9
- Appropriate number of plasma exchanges in Guillain-Barre syndrome. The French Cooperative Group on Plasma Exchange in Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Ann Neurol 1997;41(3):298-306
- Kleyweg RP, van der Meche FG, Meulstee J. Treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome with high-dose gammaglobulin. Neurology 1988;38(10):1639-41
- van der Meche FG, Schmitz PI. A randomized trial comparing intravenous immune globulin and plasma exchange in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Dutch Guillain-Barre Study Group. N Engl J Med 1992;326(17):1123-9
- Randomised trial of plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, and combined treatments in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Plasma Exchange/Sandoglobulin Guillain-Barre Syndrome Trial Group. Lancet 1997;349(9047):225-30
- Kleyweg RP, van der Meche FG. Treatment related fluctuations in Guillain-Barre syndrome after high-dose immunoglobulins or plasma-exchange. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54(11):957-60
- Caress JB, Hobson-Webb L, Passmore LV, Case-control study of thromboembolic events associated with IV immunoglobulin. J Neurol 2009;256(3):339-42
- Caress JB, Kennedy BL, Eickman KD. Safety of intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2010;9(6):971-9
- Stangel M, Kiefer R, Pette M, Side effects of intravenous immunoglobulins in neurological autoimmune disorders – a prospective study. J Neurol 2003;250(7):818-21
- Korinthenberg R, Schessl J, Kirschner J. Clinical presentation and course of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective multicentre study. Neuropediatrics 2007;38(1):10-7
- Korinthenberg R, Schessl J, Kirschner J, Monting JS. Intravenously administered immunoglobulin in the treatment of childhood Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomized trial. Pediatrics 2005;116(1):8-14
- Double-blind trial of intravenous methylprednisolone in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Guillain-Barre Syndrome Steroid Trial Group. Lancet 1993;341(8845):586-90
- Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Koningsveld R, van Doorn PA. Corticosteroids for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2006;(2):CD001446
- van Koningsveld R, Schmitz PI, Meche FG, Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barre syndrome: randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363(9404):192-6
- Frenzen PD. Economic cost of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the United States. Neurology 2008;71(1):21-7
- Buzby JC, Allos BM, Roberts T. The economic burden of Campylobacter-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Infect Dis 1997;176(Suppl 2):S192-7
- Havelaar AH, de Wit MA, van Koningsveld R, van Kempen E. Health burden in the Netherlands due to infection with thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Epidemiol Infect 2000;125(3):505-22
- Bayry J, Kazatchkine MD, Kaveri SV. Shortage of human intravenous immunoglobulin – reasons and possible solutions. Nat Clin Pract 2007;3(3):120-1
- Ruts L, Drenthen J, Jacobs BC, Distinguishing acute-onset CIDP from fluctuating Guillain-Barre syndrome: a prospective study. Neurology 2010;74(21):1680-6
- Gold R, Stangel M, Dalakas MC. Drug insight: the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology – therapeutic considerations and practical issues. Nat Clin Pract 2007;3(1):36-44
- Hadden RD, Karch H, Hartung HP, Preceding infections, immune factors, and outcome in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 2001;56(6):758-65
- Kuitwaard K, de Gelder J, Tio-Gillen AP, Pharmacokinetics of intravenous immunoglobulin and outcome in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Ann Neurol 2009;66(5):597-603
- Kokubun N, Nishibayashi M, Uncini A, Conduction block in acute motor axonal neuropathy. Brain 2010;133(10):2897-908
- Roozenbeek B, Maas AI, Lingsma HF, Baseline characteristics and statistical power in randomized controlled trials: selection, prognostic targeting, or covariate adjustment? Crit Care Med 2009;37(10):2683-90
- van Doorn PA, Merkies IS. How to assess new drugs for neuropathies: advances in trial design and methodology. Curr Opin Neurol 2008;21(5):519-26
- van Nes SI, Faber CG, Merkies IS. Outcome measures in immune-mediated neuropathies: the need to standardize their use and to understand the clinimetric essentials. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008;13(2):136-47
- Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, van der Meche FG, Clinimetric evaluation of a new overall disability scale in immune mediated polyneuropathies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;72(5):596-601
- Merkies IS, Schmitz PI, Van Der Meche FG, Psychometric evaluation of a new handicap scale in immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Muscle Nerve 2002;25(3):370-7
- Graham RC, Hughes RA. A modified peripheral neuropathy scale: the Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77(8):973-6
- Garssen MP, Bussmann JB, Schmitz PI, Physical training and fatigue, fitness, and quality of life in Guillain-Barre syndrome and CIDP. Neurology 2004;63(12):2393-5
- Garssen MP, Schmitz PI, Merkies IS, Amantadine for treatment of fatigue in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77(1):61-5
- Dalakas MC. Mechanisms of action of IVIg and therapeutic considerations in the treatment of acute and chronic demyelinating neuropathies. Neurology 2002;59(12 Suppl 6):S13-21
- Farcas P, Avnun L, Frisher S, Efficacy of repeated intravenous immunoglobulin in severe unresponsive Guillain-Barre syndrome. Lancet 1997;350(9093):1747
- Mori I, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Prominent plasmacytosis following intravenous immunoglobulin correlates with clinical improvement in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PLoS ONE 2008;3(5):e2109
- Scott SC, Goldberg MS, Mayo NE. Statistical assessment of ordinal outcomes in comparative studies. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50(1):45-55
- Wanschitz J, Maier H, Lassmann H, Distinct time pattern of complement activation and cytotoxic T cell response in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Brain 2003;126(Pt 9):2034-42
- Halstead SK, Zitman FM, Humphreys PD, Eculizumab prevents anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated neuropathy in a murine model. Brain 2008;131(Pt 5):1197-208
- Hillmen P, Young NS, Schubert J, The complement inhibitor eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N Engl J Med 2006;355(12):1233-43
- Weisman HF, Bartow T, Leppo MK, Soluble human complement receptor type 1: in vivo inhibitor of complement suppressing post-ischemic myocardial inflammation and necrosis. Science 1990;249(4965):146-51
- Jung S, Toyka KV, Hartung HP. Soluble complement receptor type 1 inhibits experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats. Neurosci Lett 1995;200(3):167-70
- Halstead SK, Humphreys PD, Goodfellow JA, Complement inhibition abrogates nerve terminal injury in Miller Fisher syndrome. Ann Neurol 2005;58(2):203-10
- Nunn MA, Sharma A, Paesen GC, Complement inhibitor of C5 activation from the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. J Immunol 2005;174(4):2084-91
- Fredslund F, Laursen NS, Roversi P, Structure of and influence of a tick complement inhibitor on human complement component 5. Nat Immunol 2008;9(7):753-60
- Halstead SK, Humphreys PD, Zitman FM, C5 inhibitor rEV576 protects against neural injury in an in vitro mouse model of Miller Fisher syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008;13(3):228-35
- Phongsisay V, Susuki K, Matsuno K, Complement inhibitor prevents disruption of sodium channel clusters in a rabbit model of Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2008;205(1-2):101-4
- Parker C. Eculizumab for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Lancet 2009;373(9665):759-67
- Bechtold DA, Yue X, Evans RM, Axonal protection in experimental autoimmune neuritis by the sodium channel blocking agent flecainide. Brain 2005;128(Pt 1):18-28
- Garssen MP, van Koningsveld R, van Doorn PA, Treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome with mycophenolate mofetil: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78(9):1012-13
- Bensa S, Hadden RD, Hahn A, Randomized controlled trial of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Guillain-Barre syndrome: a pilot study. Eur J Neurol 2000;7(4):423-6
- Zou LP, Ma DH, Wei L, IFN-beta suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells into peripheral nervous tissue. J Neurosci Res 1999;56(2):123-30
- Pritchard J, Gray IA, Idrissova ZR, A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-beta 1a in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 2003;61(9):1282-4
- Wollinsky KH, Hulser PJ, Brinkmeier H, CSF filtration is an effective treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Neurology 2001;57(5):774-80
- Klingel R, Heibges A, Fassbender C. Plasma exchange and immunoadsorption for autoimmune neurologic diseases – current guidelines and future perspectives. Atheroscler Suppl 2009;10(5):129-32
- Willison HJ. The immunobiology of Guillain-Barre syndromes. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10(2):94-112
- Townson K, Boffey J, Nicholl D, Solid phase immunoadsorption for therapeutic and analytical studies on neuropathy-associated anti-GM1 antibodies. Glycobiology 2007;17(3):294-303
- Lin HH, Wang MX, Spies JM, Pollard JD. Effective treatment of experimental autoimmune neuritis with Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin. J Neuroimmunol 2007;186(1-2):133-40
- Van Koningsveld R, Schmitz PI, Ang CW, Infections and course of disease in mild forms of Guillain-Barre syndrome. Neurology 2002;58(4):610-14
- Fisher M. An unusual variant of acute idiopathic polyneuritis (syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia). N Engl J Med 1956;255(2):57-65
- Overell JR, Hsieh ST, Odaka M, Treatment for Fisher syndrome, Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis and related disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (Online) 2007;(1):CD004761
- De La Hoz CL, Castro FR, Santos LM, Langone F. Distribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the peripheral nervous system of Lewis rats during ascending paresis and spontaneous recovery from experimental autoimmune neuritis. Neuroimmunomodulation 2010;17(1):56-66
- Pan CL, Tseng TJ, Lin YH, Cutaneous innervation in Guillain-Barre syndrome: pathology and clinical correlations. Brain 2003;126(Pt 2):386-97
- Martinez V, Fletcher D, Martin F, Small fibre impairment predicts neuropathic pain in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Pain 2010;151(1):53-60
- Garssen MP, van Doorn PA, Visser GH. Nerve conduction studies in relation to residual fatigue in Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol 2006;253(7):851-6
- Drenthen J, Maathuis EM, Ruts L, Serial CMAP scan analysis in Guillain-Barre patients. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2008;13(2):167
- Brown JN, Howard CA, Kemp DW. Modafinil for the treatment of multiple sclerosis-related fatigue. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44(6):1098-103
- Bai XF, Shi FD, Zhu J, Linomide-induced suppression of experimental autoimmune neuritis is associated with down-regulated macrophage functions. J Neuroimmunol 1997;76(1-2):177-84
- Zou LP, Deretzi G, Pelidou SH, Rolipram suppresses experimental autoimmune neuritis and prevents relapses in Lewis rats. Neuropharmacology 2000;39(2):324-33
- Ropper AH. Unusual clinical variants and signs in Guillain-Barre syndrome. Arch Neurol 1986;43(11):1150-2
- Bickerstaff ER. Brain-stem encephalitis; further observations on a grave syndrome with benign prognosis. Br Med J 1957;1(5032):1384-7