Existing and emerging therapies for irritable bowel syndrome

Bibliography

• Saito YA, Schoenfeld P, Locke GR. The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in North America: a systematic review. Am J Gastroeneterol 2002;97:1910-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandler RS. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in the United States. Gastroenterology 1990;16:409-15
   Google Scholar
• Talley NJ, Gabriel SE, Harmsen WS, Medical costs in community subjects with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1736-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Towards a positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel syndrome. BMJ 1978;2:653-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson WG, Dotewall G, Drossman DA, Irritable bowel syndrome: guidelines for the diagnosis. Gastroent Int 1989;2:92-5
   Google Scholar
• Thompson WG, Longstreth GF, Drossman DA, Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain. Gut 1999;45(Suppl 2):1143-7
   Google Scholar
• Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130(5):1480-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson W, Sheldon T, Shaath N, Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Gut 2004;53:1459-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bijerk C, Muris J, Knottnerus J, Systematic review: the role of different types of fibre in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;19:245-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awad RA, Camacho S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of polyethylene glycol effects on fasting and postprandial rectal sensitivity and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Colorect Dis 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Talley NJ, Kellow JE, Boyce P, Antidepressant therapy (imipramine and citalopram) for irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci 2008;(53)1:108-15
   Google Scholar
• Abdul-Baki H, El Hajj II, ElZahabi L, A randomized controlled trial of imipramine in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15(29):3636-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladabaum U, Sharabidze A, Levin TR, Citalopram provides little or no benefit in nondepressed patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8(1):42-8. e1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford AC, Talley NJ, Schoenfeld PS, Efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapies in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2009;58:367-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazocchi G, Ellis J, Villanueva-Meyer J, Colonic scintigraphy and manometry in constipation, diarrhea, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1988;94:A29
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cann PA, Read NW, Brown C, Irritable bowel syndrome. Relationship of disorders in the transit of a single solid meal to symptom patterns. Gut 1983;24:405-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazocchi G, Ellis J, Villanueva J, Postprandial colonic transit and motor activity in chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 1990;98:686-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm A, Philips SF, Kellow JE, Direct clinical evidence for spinal hyperalgesia in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2427-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan YK, Herkes GK, Badcock C, Alterations in cerebral evoked potentials evoked by rectal distention in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2413-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz H, Morgan V, Tanner G, Regional cerebral activation in irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects with painful and nonpainful rectal distention. Gastroenterology 2000;118:842-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringel Y, Drossman D, Leserman J, Effect of abuse history on pain reports and brain responses to aversive visceral stimulation: an fMRI study. Gastroenterology 2008;134:396-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawal A, Kern M, Sidhu H, Novel evidence for hypersensitivity of visceral sensory neural circuitry in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Gastroenterology 2006;130:26-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP. Stress hormones, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and autoimmunity. Neuroendocr Immune Basis Rheum Dis 2002;966:290-303
   Google Scholar
• Turnbull AV, Rivier C. Coritcotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and endocrine responses to stress: CRF receptors, binding protein, and related peptides. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997;215:1-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick VS, Chen W, Shu D, Activation of the mucosal immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1778-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tornblom H, Lindberg G, Nyberg B, Full-thickness biopsy of the jejunum reveals inflammation and enteric neuropathy in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1972-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiller RC. Infection, immune function, and functional gut disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2(6):445-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HC. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA 2004;292(7):852-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders DS, Carter MJ, Hurlstone DP. Association of adult celiac disease with irritable bowel syndrome: a case-control study in patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria referred to secondary care. Lancet 2001;358:1504-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Morales W, Jee S, Anitibiotic prophylaxis prevents the development of a post-infectious phenotype in a new rat model of post-infectious IBS. Gid Dis Sci 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Barbara G, Degiorgio R, Stanghellini V, New pathophysiological mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(Suppl 2):1-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spiller RC, Jenkins D, Thornley JP. Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2000;47(6):804-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghelli V, Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2007;132(1):26-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serna H, Porras M, Vergara P. Mast cell stabilizer ketotifen prevents mucosal mast cell hyperplasia and intestinal dysmotility in experimental T. spitalis inflammation in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;319(3):1104-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barau E, Dupont C. Modification of intestinal permeability during food provocation procedures in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;11(1):72-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bericik P, Verdu EF, Collins SM. Is irritable bowel syndrome a low-grade inflammatory bowel disease? Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2005;34:235-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Atanasova E, Carlson PJ, Serotonin-transporter polymorphism pharmacogenetics in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;123:425-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates MD, Mahoney CR, Linden DR, Molecular defects in mucosal serotonin content and decreased serotonin reuptake transporter in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1657-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pata C, Erdal E, Yazc K, Association of the -1438G/A and 102 T/C polymorphism of the 5-Ht2A receptor gene with irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004;38:561-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris-Yates A, Talley NJ, Boyce PM, Evidence of a genetic contribution to functional bowel disorder. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1311-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy RL, Jones KR, Whitehead WE, Irritable bowel syndrome in twins: Hereditary and social learning both contribute to etiology. Gastroenterology 2001;121:799-804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy RL, Whitehead WE, Von Korff MR, Intergenerational transmission of gastrointestinal illness behavior. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:451-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA, Lesserman J, Nachman G, Sexual and physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:828-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA, Talley NJ, Lesserman J, Sexual and physical abuse and gastrointestinal illness: review and recommendations. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:782-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alrefai WA, Gill RK. Bile acid transporters: structure, function, regulation, and pathophysiological implications. Pharm Res 2007;24:1803-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaysen EH, Pedersen L. Diarrhea associated with idiopathic bile acid malabsorption: fact or fantasy? Dan Med Bull 1973;20:174-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaysen EH, Pedersen L. Idiopathic bile acid catharsis. Gut 1976;17:965-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedlake L, A'Hern R, Russell K, Systematic review: the prevalence of idiopathic bile acid malabsorption as diagnosed by SeHCAT scanning in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;30(7):707-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evangelista S. Drug evaluation: Pumosetrag for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2007;8(5):416-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humphrey PPA, Bountra C, Clayton N, The therapeutic potential of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(suppl 2):31-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangel AW, Northcutt AR. The safety and efficacy of alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in female irritable bowel syndrome patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(suppl 2):77-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Northcutt AR, Kong S, Efficacy and safety of alosetron in women with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2000;355:1035-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang L, Tong K, Ameen V. Ischemic colitis and complications of constipation associated with the use of alosetron under a risk management plan: clinical characteristics, outcomes, and incidences. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105(4):866-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chey WD, Cash BD. Cilansetron: a new serotonergic agent for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 2005;14(2):1-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamano M, Ito H, Miyata K. Characteristics of inhibitory effects of serotonin (5-HT)3-receptor antagonists, YM060 and YM114 (KAE-393), on the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex induced by 2-methyl-5-HT, vertridine and electrical stimulation of vagus nerves in anesthetized rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 1995;69:351-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyata K, Kamato T, Nishida A, Pharmacologic profile of (R)-5[(1-methyl-3-indolyl)carbonyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-denzimidazol hydrochloride (YM060), a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptor antagonist, and its enantiomer in the isolated tissue. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991;259:15-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyata K, Kamato T, Nishada A, Role of the serotonin-3 receptor in stress-induced defecation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;261:297-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsueda K, Harasawa S, Hongo M, A phase II trial of the novel serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist ramosetron in Japanese male and female patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion 2008;77:225-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsueda K, Harasawa S, Hongo M, A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of the novel serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist ramosetron in both male and female Japanese patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:1202-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chey WD, Pare P, Viegas A, Tegaserod for female patients suffering from IBS with mixed bowel habits or constipation: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1217-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford AC, Brandt LJ, Young C, Efficacy of 5-HT3 antagonists and 5-HT4 agonists in irritable bowel syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:1831-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briejer MR, Prins NH, Schuurkes JA. Effects of the enterokinetic prucalopride (R093877) on colonic motility in fasted dogs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2001;13:465-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briejer MR, Bosmans JP, Van Daele P, The in vitro pharmacological profile of prucalopride, a novel enterokinetic compound. Eur J Pharmacol 2001;423:71-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Maeyer JH, Lefebvre RA, Schuurkes JA. 5-HT(4) receptor agonists: similar but not the same. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20:99-112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Kerstens R, Rykx A, A placebo-controlled trial of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2344-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quigley EM, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R, Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life and safety and tolerability of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation- a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29:315-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tak J, van Outryve M, Beyens G, Prucalopride (Resolor) in the treatment of severe chronic constipation in patients disabled with laxatives. Gut 2009;58:357-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Vazquez-Roque MI, Burton D, Pharmacodynamic effects of a novel prokinetic 5-HT4 receptor agonist, ATI-7505, in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19:30-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beattie DT, Smith JA, Marquess D, The 5-HT4 receptor agonist, tegaserod, is a potent 5-HT2B receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2004;143:549-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J, Beattie DT, Cuthbert AW, TD-5108, a selective, high intrinsic activity 5-HT4 receptor agonist – in vitro profile at human recombinant 5-HT4 receptor splice variant and human isolated colon. Gastroenterology 2007;132:A687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manini ML, Camilleri M, Goldberg M, Effects of velusetrag (TD-5108) on gastrointestinal transit and bowel function in health and pharmacokinetics in health and constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010;22:42-e8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg MR, Li YP, Pitzer K, TD-5108, a selective 5-HT4 agonist, is consistently better than placebo regardless of response definition in patients with chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 2008:A545
   Google Scholar
• Mangel AW, Chaturvedi P. Evaluation of crofelemer in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients. Digestion 2008;78:180-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA, Chey WD, Johanson JF, Clinical trial: lubiprostone in patients with constipation-associated irritable bowel syndrome—results of two randomized, placebo-controlled studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29(3):329-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorenz J, Nieman M, Sabo J, Uroguanylin knockout mice have increased blood pressure and impaired natriuretic response to enteral NaCl load. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1244-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant AP, Busby RW, Bartolini WP, Linactolide is a potent and selective guanylate cyclase C agonist that elicits pharmacological effects locally in the gastrointestinal tract. Life Sci 2010;86:760-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen V, Camilleri M, Busciglio IA, Effect of 5 days linaclotide on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominannt irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2007;133:761-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston JM, Kurtz CB, Drossman DA, Pilot study on the effect of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:125-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lembo AJ, Kurtz CB, Macdougall JE, Efficacy of linaclotide for patients with chronic constipation. Gastroenterology 2010;138:886-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lembo A, Schneier H, Lavins BJ, Efficacy and safety of once daily linaclotide administered orally for 12-weeks in patients with chronic constipation: results from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trials. DDW 2010; Abstract 286
   Google Scholar
• Brandt LJ, Chey WD, Foxx-Orenstein AE, An evidence-based systematic review on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:S19-20
   Google Scholar
• Shah ED, Basseri RJ, Chong K, Pimentel M. Abnormal breath testing in IBS: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2010;55(9):2441-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posserud I, Stotzer PO, Bjornsson ES, Small intestinal overgrowth with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2007;56(6):802-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Park S, Mirocha J, The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:557-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimental M, Lembo A, Chey W, Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:22-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tack J. Antibiotic therapy for the irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med 2011;364:81-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whorwell PJ, Altringer L, Morel J, Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1581-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner DM, Moeller MJ, Chey WD, The utility of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:1033-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt LJ, Chey WD, Foxx-Orenstein AE, An evidence-based systematic review on the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:S5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The FO, Buist MR, Lei A, The role of mast cell stabilization in treatment of postoperative ileus: a pilot study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:2257-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klooker TK, Braak B, Koopman KE, The mast cell stabilizer ketotifen decreased visceral hypersensitivity and improves intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2010;59(9):1213-21
   Google Scholar
• Lobo B, Vicario M, Martinez C, Clinical benefit in IBS after disodium cromglycate involves mast cell-mediated recovery of healthy-like innate immunity genes expression profile in the jejunal mucosa. Gastroenterology 2009;136(Suppl. 1):156
   Google Scholar
• Mangel AW, Bornstein JD, Hamm LR, Clinical trial: Asimadoline in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28(2):239-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szarka LA, Camilleri M, Burton D, Efficacy of on-demand asimadoline, a peripheral k-opioid agonist, in females with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5(11):1268-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frissora CL. A new look at irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a neuroenteric disorder. Comp Ther 2002;28:222-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aggarwal A, Cutts T, Abell T, Predominant symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome correlate with specific autonomic nervous system abnormalities. Gastroenterology 1994;106:945-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitkemper M, Jarrett M, Cain K, Increased urine catecholamines and cortisol in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:906-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iovino P, Azpiroz F, Domingo E, The sympathetic nervous system modulates perception and reflex responses to gut distention in humans. Gastroenterology 1995;108:680-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leventer SM, Raudibaugh K, Frissora CL, Clinical trial: Dextofisopam in the treatment of patients with diarrhea-predominant or alternating irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:197-206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellstrom P, Hein J, Bjornsson E, Clinical trial: the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue ROSE-010 for management of acute pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;29(2):198-206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson L, Sohn D, Thorberg SO, The pharmacological characterization of a novel selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor antagonist, NAD-299. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;238:216-25
   Google Scholar
• Drossman DA. Brain imaging and its implications for studying centrally targeted treatments in irritable bowel syndrome: A primer for gastroenterologists. Gut 2005;54:569-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drossman DA, Danilewitz M, Naesdal J, Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial of the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist AZD7371 tartrate monohydrate (robalzotan tartrate monohydrate) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2562-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camilleri M, Mckinzie S, Fox J, Effect of renzapride on transit in constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:895-904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lembo AJ, Cremonini F, Meyers N, Clinical trial: renzapride treatment of women with irritable bowel syndrome and constipation – a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31(9):979-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fioramonti J, Gaultier E, Toulouse M, Intestinal anti-nociceptive behaviour of NK3 receptor antagonism in conscious rats: evidence to support a peripheral mechanism of action. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2003;15:363-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanger GJ. Neurokinin NK1 and NK3 receptors as targets for drugs to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders and pain. Br J Pharmacol 2004;141:1303-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton LA, Cremonini F, Camilleri M, Effect of the NK3 receptor antagonist, talnetant, on rectal sensory function and compliance in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19:732-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukudo S, Namura T, Hongo M. Impact of corticotrophin-releasing hormone on gastrointestinal motility and adrenocorticotrophic hormone in normal controls and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1998;42:845-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sagami Y, Shimada Y, Tayama J, Effect of a corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist on colonic sensory and motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2004;53:958-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremonini F, Camilleri M, McKinzie S, Effect of CCK-1 antagonist, dexloxiglumide, in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pharmacodynamic and pharmacogenomic study. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:652-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talley NJ. New and emerging treatments for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2002;7(1):91-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cellek S, Thangiah R, Bassil AK, Demonstration of functional neuronal beta3-adrenoceptors within the enteric nervous system. Gastroenterology 2000;119:175-83
   Google Scholar
• Grudell ABM, Camilleri M, Jensen KL, Dose-response effect of a B3-adrenergic receptor agonist, solabegron, on gastrointestinal transit, bowel function, somatostatin levels in health. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008;294:1114-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar