678
Views
30
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Emerging anti-inflammatory drugs for atherosclerosis

, MD, , MD MSc & , MD
Pages 193-205 | Published online: 16 May 2013

Bibliography

  • World Health Organization. World Health Statistics. 2012. Available from: http://wwwwhoint/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2012/en/indexhtml
  • Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Inflammation in atherosclerosis from pathophysiology to practice. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:2129–38
  • Smith SC, Benjamin EJ, Bonow RO, et al. AHA/ACCF Secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease: 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation 2011;124:2458–73
  • CholesterolTreatmentTrialists'(CTT)Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet 2005;366:1267–78
  • Tardif J-C, Heinonen T, Orloff D, Libby P. Vascular Biomarkers and Surrogates in Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation 2006;113:2936–42
  • Medford R, Dagi TF, Rosenson R, Offermann M. Biomarkers and sustainable innovation in cardiovascular drug development: lessons from near and far afield. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013;15:1–8
  • Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, et al. C-Reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005;352:20–8
  • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study G. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383–9
  • Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, et al. The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1001–9
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, et al. Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. Circulation 1999;100:230–5
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Pfeffer MA, et al. Inflammation, Pravastatin, and the risk of coronary events after myocardial infarction in patients with average cholesterol levels. Circulation 1998;98:839–44
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Clearfield M, et al. Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1959–65
  • Albert MA, Danielson E, Rifai N, Ridker PM. Effect of statin therapy on C-reactive protein levels: the Pravastatin Inflammation/CRP Evaluation (PRINCE): a randomized trial and cohort study. JAMA 2001;286:64–70
  • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7–22
  • National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143
  • Node K, Fujita M, Kitakaze M, et al. Short-term statin therapy improves cardiac function and symptoms in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2003;108:839–43
  • Rosenson RS, Tangney CC. Antiatherothrombotic properties of statins: implications for cardiovascular event reduction. JAMA 1998;279:1643–50
  • Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1071–80
  • Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1495–504
  • Topol EJ. Intensive statin therapy — a sea change in cardiovascular prevention. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1562–4
  • Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FAH, et al. Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2195–207
  • Braunwald E. Creating controversy where none exists: the important role of C-reactive protein in the CARE, AFCAPS/TexCAPS, PROVE IT, REVERSAL, A to Z, JUPITER, HEART PROTECTION, and ASCOT trials. Eur Heart J 2012;33:430–2
  • Schönbeck U, Libby P. Inflammation, immunity, and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: statins as anti-inflammatory agents? Circulation 2004;109:II-18–26
  • Charo IF, Taub R. Anti-inflammatory therapeutics for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2011;10:365–76
  • Aikawa M, Rabkin E, Sugiyama S, et al. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation 2001;103:276–83
  • Steffens S, Mach F. Anti-inflammatory properties of statins. Semin Vasc Med 2004;4:417–22
  • Zapolska-Downar D, Siennicka A, Kaczmarczyk M, et al. Simvastatin modulates TNFα-induced adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells. Life Sci 2004;75:1287–302
  • Zhou Q, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of statins–basic research and clinical perspectives. Circ J 2010;74:818–26
  • Rosenson RS, Hurt-Camejo E. Phospholipase A2 enzymes and the risk of atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2012;33:2899–909
  • Rosenson R. Functional assessment of HDL: moving beyond static measures for risk assessment. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2010;24:71–5
  • Anderson EJ, Lustig ME, Boyle KE, et al. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans. J Clin Invest 2009;119:573–81
  • Tardif J-C, McMurray JJV, Klug E, et al. Effects of succinobucol (AGI-1067) after an acute coronary syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371:1761–8
  • Megson IL, Leslie SJ. LA-419, a nitric-oxide donor for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009;10:267–85
  • Boyanovsky B, Webb N. Biology of secretory phospholipase A2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2009;23:61–72
  • Rosenson R. Future role for selective phospholipase A2 inhibitors in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2009;23:93–101
  • Stafforini D. Biology of Platelet-activating Factor Acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH, Lipoprotein Associated Phospholipase A2). Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2009;23:73–83
  • Anthera Press Release. Anthera enrolls first patients in pivotal varespladib phase 3 clinical study. Anthera Press Release 2010
  • Anthera Press Release. Anthera halts VISTA-16 clinical study due to lack of efficacy following recommendation by the independent data safety monitoring board. Anthera Press Release 2012
  • Rosenson RS, Stafforini DM. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis by lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. J Lipid Res 2012;53:1767–82
  • Lp-PLA2StudiesCollaboration. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and risk of coronary disease, stroke, and mortality: collaborative analysis of 32 prospective studies. Lancet 2010;375:1536–44
  • Rosenson RS. Lp-PLA2 and risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Lancet 2010;375:1498–500
  • Serruys PW, García-García HM, Buszman P, et al. Effects of the direct lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor darapladib on human coronary atherosclerotic plaque. Circulation 2008;118:1172–82
  • O'Donoghue ML, Braunwald E, White HD, et al. Study design and rationale for the Stabilization of pLaques usIng Darapladib—Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (SOLID-TIMI 52) trial in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2011;162:613–19; e1
  • White H, Held C, Stewart R, et al. Study design and rationale for the clinical outcomes of the STABILITY Trial (STabilization of Atherosclerotic plaque By Initiation of darapLadIb TherapY) comparing darapladib versus placebo in patients with coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 2010;160:655–61; e2
  • De Caterina R, Zampolli A. From asthma to atherosclerosis — 5-lipoxygenase, leukotrienes, and inflammation. N Engl J Med 2004;350:4–7
  • Peters-Golden M, Henderson WR. Leukotrienes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1841–54
  • Spanbroek R, Gräbner R, Lötzer K, et al. Expanding expression of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway within the arterial wall during human atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:1238–43
  • Cipollone F, Mezzetti A, Fazia ML, et al. Association between 5-lipoxygenase expression and plaque instability in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:1665–70
  • Assimes T, Knowles J, Priest J, et al. Common polymorphisms of ALOX5 and ALOX5AP and risk of coronary artery disease. Hum Genet 2008;123:399–408
  • Helgadottir A, Gretarsdottir S, St. Clair D, et al. Association between the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase–activating protein and stroke replicated in a Scottish population. Am J Hum Genet 2005;76:505–9
  • Helgadottir A, Manolescu A, Thorleifsson G, et al. The gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase activating protein confers risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Nat Genet 2004;36:233–9
  • Hakonarson H, Thorvaldsson S, Helgadottir A, et al. Effects of a 5-lipoxygenase–activating protein inhibitor on biomarkers associated with risk of myocardial infarction: a randomized trial. JAMA 2005;293:2245–56
  • Tardif J-C, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, et al. Treatment with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor VIA-2291 (atreleuton) in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome/ clinical perspective. Circulation 2010;3:298–307
  • Nelken NA, Coughlin SR, Gordon D, Wilcox JN. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human atheromatous plaques. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1121–7
  • Cushing SD, Berliner JA, Valente AJ, et al. Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:5134–8
  • Zernecke A, Shagdarsuren E, Weber C. Chemokines in atherosclerosis: an update. Arterioscler Thrombos Vasc Biol 2008;28:1897–908
  • Gilbert J, Lekstrom-Himes J, Donaldson D, et al. Effect of CC chemokine receptor 2 CCR2 blockade on serum c-reactive protein in individuals at atherosclerotic risk and with a single nucleotide polymorphism of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promoter region. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:906–11
  • Serbina NV, Pamer EG. Monocyte emigration from bone marrow during bacterial infection requires signals mediated by chemokine receptor CCR2. Nat Immunol 2006;7:311–17
  • Okamoto M, Fuchigami M, Suzuki T, Watanabe N. A novel C–C chemokine receptor 2 antagonist prevents progression of albuminuria and atherosclerosis in mouse models. Biol Pharm Bull 2012;35:2069–74
  • Saag KG, Teng GG, Patkar NM, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 2008;59:762–84
  • Popa C, Netea MG, Radstake T, et al. Influence of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2005;64:303–5
  • Jacobsson LTH, Turesson C, Gulfe A, et al. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor blockers is associated with a lower incidence of first cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2005;32:1213–18
  • Mann DL, McMurray JJV, Packer M, et al. Targeted Anticytokine therapy in patients with chronic heart failure: results of the Randomized Etanercept Worldwide Evaluation (RENEWAL). Circulation 2004;109:1594–602
  • Ridker PM. Testing the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis: scientific rationale for the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial (CIRT). J Thromb Haemost 2009;7:332–9
  • Krishnan E, Lingala VB, Singh G. Declines in mortality from acute myocardial infarction in successive incidence and birth cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2004;110:1774–9
  • Fearon WF, Fearon DT. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: role of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Circulation 2008;117:2577–9
  • Morton AC, Foley C, Rothman A, et al. Investigation of IL-1 inhibition in patients presenting with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction acute coronary syndromes (the MRC ILA Heart Study). Heart 2011;97:A13
  • Ruperto N, Brunner HI, Quartier P, et al. Two randomized trials of canakinumab in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2396–406
  • Ridker PM, Howard CP, Walter V, et al. Effects of interleukin-1β inhibition with canakinumab on hemoglobin A1c, lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen: a phase IIB randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 2012;126:2739–48
  • Ridker PM, Thuren T, Zalewski A, Libby P. Interleukin-1β inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: rationale and design of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS). Am Heart J 2011;162:597–605
  • XOMA Press Release. XOMA announces Servier has initiated a proof-of-concept gevokizumab study in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome. XOMA Press Release2012
  • Elkhawad M, Rudd JHF, Sarov-Blat L, et al. Effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition on vascular and systemic inflammation in patients with atherosclerosis. JACC 2012;5:911–22
  • Haverslag R, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE. Targeting adhesion molecules in cardiovascular disorders. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2008;8:252–60
  • Tardif J-C, Tanguay J-F, Wright SS, et al. Effects of the P-selectin antagonist inclacumab on myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary intervention for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction Results of the SELECT-ACS Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; E-pub ahead of print

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.