Emerging drugs for psoriatic arthritis

References

• Moll JM, Wright V. Psoriatic arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1973;3:55–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scarpa R, Ayala F, Caporaso N, et al. Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, or psoriatic disease? J Rheumatol. 2006;33:210–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte GV, Faillace C, Freire De Carvalho J. Psoriatic arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2012;26:147–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egeberg A, Khalid U, Gislason GH, et al. Association of Psoriatic Disease With Uveitis: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Dermatol. 2015. DOI:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa R, Manguso F, D’Arienzo A, et al. Microscopic inflammatory changes in colon of patients with both active psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis without bowel symptoms. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1241–1246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa L, Caso F, D’Elia L, et al. Psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased arterial stiffness in the absence of known cardiovascular risk factors: a case control study. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31:711–715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa L, Caso F, Ramonda R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and its relationship with the achievement of minimal disease activity state in psoriatic arthritis patients: an observational study. Immunol Res. 2015;61:147–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Costa L, Atteno M, et al. Simple clinical indicators for early psoriatic arthritis detection. Springerplus. 2014;3:759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesoni A, Atzeni F, Spadaro A, et al. Identification of the clinical features distinguishing psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:849–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladman DD. Early psoriatic arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2012;38:373–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, et al; CASPAR Study Group. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2665–2673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillett W, Costa L, Jadon D, et al. The ClASsification for Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria—a retrospective feasibility, sensitivity, and specificity study. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:154–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandran V, Schentag CT, Gladman DD. Sensitivity of the classification of psoriatic arthritis criteria in early psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:1560–1563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spadaro A, Lubrano E. Psoriatic arthritis: imaging techniques. Reumatismo. 2012;64:99–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ficjan A, Husic R, Gretler J, et al. Ultrasound composite scores for the assessment of inflammatory and structural pathologies in Psoriatic Arthritis (PsASon-Score). Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(5):476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco U, Stramare R, Coran A, et al. Vascular perfusion kinetics by contrast-enhanced ultrasound are related to synovial microvascularity in the joints of psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:1903–1912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soscia E, Sirignano C, Catalano O, et al. New developments in magnetic resonance imaging of the nail unit. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012;89:49–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tan AL, Fukuba E, Halliday NA, et al. High-resolution MRI assessment of dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis shows flexor tendon pulley and sheath-related enthesitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:185–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poggenborg RP, Eshed I, Østergaard M, et al. Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis and healthy subjects assessed by ‘head-to-toe’ whole-body MRI and clinical examination. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:823–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez M, Filippucci E, De Angelis R, et al. A sonographic spectrum of psoriatic arthritis: “the five targets”. Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29:133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco U, Sfriso P, Oliviero F, et al. Blockade of intra-articular TNF in peripheral spondyloarthritis: its relevance to clinical scores, quantitative imaging and synovial fluid and synovial tissue biomarkers. Joint Bone Spine. 2013;80:165–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanaba K, Sadaoka A, Yonenaga T, et al. Adalimumab markedly improves enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: Evaluation with a magnetic resonance imaging scoring system. J Dermatol. 2015. DOI:10.1111/1346-8138.13014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa R, Caso F, Costa L, et al. Psoriatic Disease: Clinical Staging. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2015;93:24–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Acosta Felquer ML, Ferreyra Garrott L, Marin J, et al. Remission criteria and activity indices in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:1323–1330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandl P, Navarro-Compán V, Terslev L, et al; European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1327–1339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu JT, Yeh HM, Liu SY, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. World J Orthop. 2014;5:537–543.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hukuda S, Minami M, Saito T, et al. Spondyloarthropathies in Japan: nationwide questionnaire survey performed by the Japan Ankylosing Spondylitis Society. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:554–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao ZT, Pan YF, Huang JL, et al. An epidemiological survey of low back pain and axial spondyloarthritis in a Chinese Han population. Scand J Rheumatol. 2009;38:455–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haglund E, Bremander AB, Petersson IF, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes in southern Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:943–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Angelis R, Salaffi F, Grassi W. Prevalence of spondyloarthropathies in an Italian population sample: a regional community-based study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007;36:14–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriano ER, Rosa J, Velozo E, et al. Incidence and prevalence of psoriatic arthritis in Buenos Aires, Argentina: a 6-year health management organization-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50:729–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Nemegyei J, Peláez-Ballestas I, Sanin LH, et al. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and rheumatic diseases in the southeastern region of Mexico. A COPCORD-based community survey. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2011;86:21–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson FC, Icen M, Crowson CS, et al. Time trends in epidemiology and characteristics of psoriatic arthritis over 3 decades: a population-based study. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:361–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savolainen E, Kaipiainen-Seppänen O, Kröger L, et al. Total incidence and distribution of inflammatory joint diseases in a defined population: results from the Kuopio 2000 arthritis survey. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:2460–2468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppal SS, Abraham M, Chowdhury RI, et al. Ankylosing spondylitis and undifferentiated spondyloarthritis in Kuwait: a comparison between Arabs and South Asians. Clin Rheumatol. 2006;25:219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladman DD, Antoni C, Mease P, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(Suppl 2):ii14–ii17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehncke WH, Schön MP. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2015;386:983–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer I, Rustenbach SJ, Zimmer L, et al. Prevalence of skin diseases in a cohort of 48,665 employees in Germany. Dermatology. 2008;217:169–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrandiz C, Bordas X, Garcia-Patos V, et al. Prevalence of psoriasis in Spain (Epiderma Project: phase I). J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15:20–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachakonda TD, Schupp CW, Armstrong AW. Psoriasis prevalence among adults in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70:512–516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsifetaki N, Migkos MP, Papagoras C, et al. Counting Costs under Severe Financial Constraints: A Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Spondyloarthropathies in a Tertiary Hospital in Greece. J Rheumatol. 2015;42:963–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huscher D, Merkesdal S, Thiele K, et al; German Collaborative Arthritis Centres. Cost of illness in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in Germany. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1175–1183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zink A, Thiele K, Huscher D, et al; German Collaborative Arthritis Centres. Healthcare and burden of disease in psoriatic arthritis. A comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:86–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawalec P, Malinowski KP. The indirect costs of psoriatic arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2015;15:125–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borman P, Toy GG, Babaoğlu S, et al. A comparative evaluation of quality of life and life satisfaction in patients with psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:330–334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokoll KB, Helliwell PS. Comparison of disability and quality of life in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:1842–1846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picchianti-Diamanti A, Germano V, Ferlito C, et al. Health-related quality of life and disability in patients with rheumatoid, early rheumatoid and early psoriatic arthritis treated with etanercept. Qual Life Res. 2010;19:821–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers M, Epstein D, Bojke L, et al. Etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2011;15(i–xxi):1–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchlin CT, Kavanaugh A, Gladman DD, et al. Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA). Treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1387–1394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coates LC, Ritchlin CT, Kavanaugh AF. GRAPPA treatment recommendations: an update from the GRAPPA 2013 Annual Meeting. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:1237–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ash Z, Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, et al. A systematic literature review of drug therapies for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: current evidence and meta-analysis informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:319–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gossec L, Smolen JS, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al; European League Against Rheumatism. European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:4–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubrano E, Scarpa R. Psoriatic arthritis: treatment strategies using anti-inflammatory drugs and classical DMARDs. Reumatismo. 2012;64:107–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nash P, Clegg DO. Psoriatic arthritis therapy: NSAIDs and traditional DMARDs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(Suppl 2):ii74–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chimenti MS, Ballanti E, Perricone C, et al. Immunomodulation in psoriatic arthritis: focus on cellular and molecular pathways. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:599–606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco U, Accordi B, Martini V, et al. JAK/STAT/PKCd molecular pathways in synovial fluid T lymphocytes reflect the in vivo T helper-17 expansion in psoriatic arthritis. Immunol Res. 2014;58:61–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco U, Martini V, Accordi B, et al. Transcriptional network profile on synovial fluid T cells in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:1571–1580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Costa L, Del Puente A, et al. Psoriatic arthritis and TNF inhibitors: advances on effectiveness and toxicity. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15:1–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa R, Costa L, Atteno M, et al. Psoriatic arthritis: advances in pharmacotherapy based on molecular target. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013;14:2311–2313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarpa R, Atteno M, Lubrano E, et al. The effectiveness and safety of TNF-alpha blockers in the treatment of early psoriatic arthritis: an Italian multicentre longitudinal observational pilot study. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30:1063–1067.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Bosch F, Kruithof E, et al. Effects of a loading dose regimen of three infusions of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (infliximab) in spondyloarthropathy: an open pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59:428–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Goffe BS, Metz J, et al. Etanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;356:385–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Ritchlin CT, et al; Adalimumab Effectiveness in Psoriatic Arthritis Trial Study Group. Adalimumab for the treatment of patients with moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3279–3289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh A, McInnes I, Mease P, et al. Golimumab, a new human tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody, administered every four weeks as a subcutaneous injection in psoriatic arthritis: Twenty-four-week efficacy and safety results of a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:976–986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar AA, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a Phase 3 double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PsA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:48–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Cantarini L, Morisco F, et al. Current evidence in the field of the management with TNF-α inhibitors in psoriatic arthritis and concomitant hepatitis C virus infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15:641–650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabbroni M, Cantarini L, Caso F, et al. Drug retention rates and treatment discontinuation among anti-TNF-α agents in psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis in clinical practice. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:862969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atteno M, Costa L, Matarese A, et al. The use of TNF-α blockers in psoriatic arthritis patients with latent tuberculosis infection. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:543–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa L, Caso F, Atteno M, et al. Long-term safety of anti-TNF-α in PsA patients with concomitant HCV infection: a retrospective observational multicenter study on 15 patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:273–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanduzzi A, Bocchino M, Atteno M, et al. Screening and monitoring of latent tubercular infection in patients taking tumor necrosis factor-α blockers for psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012;89:82–85.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soubrier AS, Bele-Philippe P, Cortet B, et al. Treatment response, drug survival and safety of anti-tumour necrosis factor α therapy in 193 patients with psoriatic arthritis: a twelve-year “real life” experience. Joint Bone Spine. 2015;82:31–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dommasch ED, Abuabara K, Shin DB, et al. The risk of infection and malignancy with tumor necrosis factor antagonists in adults with psoriatic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64:1035–1050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Lubrano E, Puente AD, et al. Progress in understanding and utilizing TNF-α inhibition for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015. DOI:10.1586/1744666X.2016.1117941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nestle FO, Turka LA, Nickoloff BJ. Characterization of dermal dendritic cells in psoriasis. Autostimulation of T lymphocytes and induction of Th1 type cytokines. J Clin Invest. 1994;94:202–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeage K. Ustekinumab: a review of its use in psoriatic arthritis. Drugs. 2014;74:1029–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toichi E, Torres G, McCormick TS, et al. An anti-IL-12p40 antibody down-regulates type 1 cytokines, chemokines, and IL-12/IL-23 in psoriasis. J Immunol. 2006;177:4917–4926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes IB, Kavanaugh A, Gottlieb AB, et al; PSUMMIT 1 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: 1 year results of the phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT 1 trial. Lancet. 2013;382:780–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh A, Puig L, Gottlieb AB, et al;. PSUMMIT I Study Group. Maintenance of clinical efficacy and radiographic benefit through 2 years of ustekinumab therapy in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results from the PSUMMIT 1 trial. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015. DOI:10.1002/acr.22645.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchlin C, Rahman P, Kavanaugh A, et al; PSUMMIT 2 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the anti-IL-12/23 p40 monoclonal antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis despite conventional non-biological and biological anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy: 6-month and 1-year results of the phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised PSUMMIT 2 trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:990–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh A, Ritchlin C, Rahman P, et al; PSUMMIT-1 and 2 Study Groups. Ustekinumab, an anti-IL-12/23 p40 monoclonal antibody, inhibits radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis: results of an integrated analysis of radiographic data from the phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled PSUMMIT-1 and PSUMMIT-2 trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1000–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkham BW, Kavanaugh A, Reich K. Interleukin-17A: a unique pathway in immune-mediated diseases: psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunology. 2014;141:133–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynde CW, Poulin Y, Vender R, et al. Interleukin 17A: toward a new understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71:141–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isailovic N, Daigo K, Mantovani A, et al. Interleukin-17 and innate immunity in infections and chronic inflammation. J Autoimmun. 2015;60:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich K, Papp KA, Matheson RT, et al. Evidence that a neutrophil-keratinocyte crosstalk is an early target of IL-17A inhibition in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol. 2015;24:529–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gooderham M, Posso-De Los Rios CJ, Rubio-Gomez GA, et al. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors in the treatment of plaque psoriasis: a review. Skin Therapy Lett. 2015;20:1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb AB, Langley RG, Philipp S, et al. Secukinumab Improves Physical Function in Subjects With Plaque Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis: results from Two Randomized, Phase 3 Trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14:821–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes IB, Sieper J, Braun J, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriatic arthritis: a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II proof-of-concept trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:349–356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McInnes IB, Mease PJ, Kirkham B, et al; FUTURE 2 Study Group. Secukinumab, a human anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody, in patients with psoriatic arthritis (FUTURE 2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2015;386:1137–1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schett G, Wollenhaupt J, Papp K, et al. Oral apremilast in the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:3156–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strand V, Schett G, Hu C, et al. Patient-reported Health-related Quality of Life with apremilast for psoriatic arthritis: a phase II, randomized, controlled study. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:1158–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campa M, Mansouri B, Warren R, et al.A Review of Biologic Therapies Targeting IL-23 and IL-17 for Use in Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2015 Dec;29. doi:10.1007/s13555-015-0092-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spuls PI, Hooft L. Brodalumab and ixekizumab, anti-interleukin-17-receptor antibodies for psoriasis: a critical appraisal. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(710–3):710–713. discussion.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Qian T, Zhang D, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of anti-IL-17 agents for the treatment of patients with psoriasis. Immunotherapy. 2015;7:1023–1037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Greenwald MW, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-IL17RA monoclonal antibody, in psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2295–2306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amgen. News Release: Amgen to terminate participation in co-development and commercialization of brodalumab. 2015 May 22.
   Google Scholar
• AstraZeneca and Valeant Pharmaceuticals to partner on brodalumab. 1 Sep 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Mease PJ, Van Der Heijde D, Ritchlin CT, et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Efficacy and Safety of Ixekizumab, Adalimumab, and Placebo Therapy in Patients Naïve to Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs with Active Psoriatic Arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(suppl 10).
   Google Scholar
• Cada DJ, Ingram K, Baker DE. Apremilast. Hosp Pharm. 2014;49:752–762.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perez-Aso M, Montesinos MC, Mediero A, et al. Apremilast, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, regulates inflammation through multiple cAMP downstream effectors. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer P. Apremilast mechanism of action and application to psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;83:1583–1590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann FE, Palfreeman AC, Andrews M, et al. Apremilast, a novel PDE4 inhibitor, inhibits spontaneous production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha from human rheumatoid synovial cells and ameliorates experimental arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:R107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer PH, Parton A, Gandhi AK, et al. Apremilast, a cAMP phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in a model of psoriasis. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;159:842–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zerilli T, Ocheretyaner E. Apremilast (Otezla): A New Oral Treatment for Adults With Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. P T. 2015;40:495–500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gooderham M, Papp K. Apremilast in the Treatment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Skin Therapy Lett. 2015;20:1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Deeks ED. Apremilast: A Review in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Drugs. 2015;75:1393–1403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAndrew R, Levin E, Koo J. Emerging Oral Immunomodulators for the Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review of Phase III Clinical Trials for Apremilast and Tofacitinib. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015;14:786–792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varada S, Tintle SJ, Gottlieb AB. Apremilast for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2014;7:239–250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp K, Cather JC, Rosoph L, et al. Efficacy of apremilast in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;380:738–746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papp KA, Kaufmann R, Thaçi D, et al. Efficacy and safety of apremilast in subjects with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: results from a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-comparison study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27:e376–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul C, Cather J, Gooderham M, et al.Efficacy and safety of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis over 52 weeks: a phase III, randomized, controlled trial (ESTEEM 2). Br J Dermatol. 2015. DOI:10.1111/bjd.14164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis in a phase 3 randomised, placebo-controlled trial with apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1020–1026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. Longterm (52-week) results of a phase III randomized, controlled trial of apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2015;42:479–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schafer PH, Chen P, Fang L, et al. The pharmacodynamic impact of apremilast, an oral phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis: substudy results from a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (PALACE 1). J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:906349.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zhou S, Nissel J, et al. The pharmacokinetic effect of coadministration of apremilast and methotrexate in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2014;3:456–465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Shea JJ, Schwartz DM, Villarino AV, et al. The JAK-STAT pathway: impact on human disease and therapeutic intervention. Annu Rev Med. 2015;66:311–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao W, McGarry T, Orr C, et al. Tofacitinib regulates synovial inflammation in psoriatic arthritis, inhibiting STAT activation and induction of negative feedback inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015. pii: annrheumdis-2014-207201. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaBranche TP, Jesson MI, Radi ZA, et al. JAK inhibition with tofacitinib suppresses arthritic joint structural damage through decreased RANKL production. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:3531–3542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeshima K, Yamaoka K, Kubo S, et al. The JAK inhibitor tofacitinib regulates synovitis through inhibition of interferon-γ and interleukin-17 production by human CD4+ T cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:1790–1798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiocco U, Martini V, Accordi B, et al. Ex Vivo Signaling Protein Mapping in T Lymphocytes in the Psoriatic Arthritis Joints. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2015;93:48–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu L, Armstrong AW. JAK inhibitors: treatment efficacy and safety profile in patients with psoriasis. J Immunol Res. 2014;2014:283617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachelez H, Van De Kerkhof PC, Strohal R, et al. OPT Compare Investigators. Tofacitinib versus etanercept or placebo in moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2015;386(9993):552–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razmara M, Hilliard B, Ziarani AK, et al. CTLA4Ig converts naïve CD4+CD25- T cells into CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. International Immunol. 2007;20:471–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axmann R, Herman S, Zaiss M, et al. CTLA4 directly inhibits osteoclast formation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1603–1609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Östör AJK. Abatacept: a T-cell co- stimulation modulator for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2008;28(27):1343–1353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mease P, Genovese MC, Gladstein G, et al. Abatacept in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis: results of a six-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:939–948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa L, Caso F, Atteno M, et al. Impact of 24-month treatment with etanercept, adalimumab, or methotrexate on metabolic syndrome components in a cohort of 210 psoriatic arthritis patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:833–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Rigante D, Vitale A, et al. Monogenic autoinflammatory syndromes: state of the art on genetic, clinical, and therapeutic issues. Int J Rheumatol. 2013;2013:513782.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caso F, Costa L, Rigante D, et al. Biological treatments in Behçet’s disease: beyond anti-TNF therapy. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:107421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caso F, Iaccarino L, Bettio S, et al. Refractory pemphigus foliaceus and Behçet’s disease successfully treated with tocilizumab. Immunol Res. 2013;56:390–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acquitter M, Plantin P, Kupfer I, et al. Anakinra Improves Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case Report. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:70–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung N, Hellmann M, Hoheisel R, et al. An open-label pilot study of the efficacy and safety of anakinra in patients with psoriatic arthritis refractory to or intolerant of methotrexate (MTX). Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29:1169–1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atzeni F, Costa L, Caso F, et al. Role of Agents other than Tumor Necrosis Factor Blockers in the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2015;93:79–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costa L, Caso F, Cantarini L, et al. Efficacy of tocilizumab in a patient with refractory psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2014;33:1355–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes M, Chinoy H. Successful use of tocilizumab in a patient with psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:1728–1729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata A, Umegaki N, Katayama I, et al. Psoriatic arthritis in two patients with an inadequate response to treatment with tocilizumab. Joint Bone Spine. 2012;79:85–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar