Bibliography
- GODFRAIND T: Calcium antagonists and vasodilation. Pharmacol. Ther. (1994) 64:37–75.
- •A thorough review of calcium antagonists.
- CATAPANO AL: Calcium antagonists and atherosclerosis. Eur. Heart J. (1997) 97(Suppl. A) :A80–A86.
- ••A good review of in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence of CEBs in atherosclerosis.
- EPSTEIN M: Calcium antagonists: still appropriate as first-line antihypertensive agents. Am. J. Hypertens. (1996) 9:110–121.
- GODFRAIND T: Calcium channels in smooth muscle. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1988) 522:312–327.
- QUARTAROLI M, GAMBINI F, TARTER G, et al.: The haemodynamic effects of lacidipine in anesthetized dogs: comparison with nitrendipine, amlodipine, verapamil and diltiazem. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1991) 18:326–336.
- ROSS R: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990's. Nature (1993) 362:801–809.
- Minisci F (Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands (1997) :193–221.
- ZANCHETI A: Antiatherosclerotic effects of antihypertensive drugs: recent evidence and ongoing trials. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. (1996) 18:489–499.
- DE FEYTER PJ, VOS J, DECKERS JW: Progression and regression of the atherosclerotic plaque. Eur. Heart J. (1995) 16 (Suppl. I) :26–30.
- HANSSON L: How to study the role of hypertension in atherosclerosis. Lessons from MIDAS, Multicentre Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study. Blood Pressure (1996) 4(Suppl.):16–19.
- BERNINI F, SOMA MR, CORSINI A, PAOLETTI R: Experimental and clinical effects of isradipine relevant to atherosclerosis. Am. J. Hypertens. (1994) 7:30S–34S.
- FURBERG CD, ADAMS HP, Jr., APPLEGATE WB, et al.: Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group. Circulation (1994) 90:1679–1687.
- JOST S, DECKERS JW, NIKUTTA P, et al.: Evolution of coronary stenoses is related to baseline severity - a prospective quantitative angiographic analysis in patients with moderate coronary disease. INTACT Investigators. International Nifedipine Trial on Antiatherosclerotic Therapy. Eur. Heart J. (1994) 15:648–653.
- APPLEGATE WB, FURBERG CD, BYINGTON RP, et al.: The Multicenter Isradipine Diuretic Atherosclerosis Study (MIDAS). JAMA (1997) 277:297–298.
- BOND G, DAL PALU C, HANSSON L, et al.: European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. J. Hypertens. (1993) 11 (Suppl. 5) :S405–S407.
- MAGNANI B, DAL PALU C, ZANCHETTI A: Preliminary clinical experience with calcium antagonists in atherosclerosis. Verapamil in Hypertension Atherosclerosis Study Investigators. Drugs (1992) 44 (Suppl. 1) :128–133.
- JUKEMA JVV, ZWINDERMAN AH, VAN BOVEN AL, et al.: Evidence for a synergistic effect of calcium channel blockers with lipid-lowering therapy in retarding progression of coronary atherosclerosis in symptomatic patients with normal to moderately raised cholesterol levels. The REGRESS Study Group. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. (1996) 16:425–430.
- •First evidence that there might be synergy between CEBs and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
- IMS®: MIDAS Database (1996).
- TOPPER JN, CAI J, FALB D, GIMBRONE A, Jr.: Identification of vascular endothelial genes differentially responsive to fluid mechanical stimuli: cyclooxygenase-2, manganese superoxide dismutase, and endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase are selectively up-regulated by steady laminar shear stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:10417–10422.
- NAYLER WG: New therapeutic trends in calcium antagonism. Are they meaningful Am. J. Hypertens. (1994) 7:126S–130S.
- GIACOMETTI A, MICHELI D, GAVIRAGHI G, et al.: Quantification of the calcium antagonism of lacidipine by kinetic analysis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1994) 269:424–429.
- ZITO M, ABATE G, CERVONE C, et al.: Effects of antihypertensive therapy with lacidipine on ambulatory blood pressure in the elderly. J. Hypertens. (1991) 9 (Suppl. 3) :S79–583.
- ZANCHETTI A: Lacidipine. The Monograph. Adis International, Milan (1997).
- Bellomo G, Finardi G, Maggi E, Rice-Evans (Eds.), Richelieu Press, London (1995):431–456.
- •Review of CEBs and antioxidant activity.
- VAN AMSTERDAM FTM, ROVERI A, MAJORINO M, et al.: Lacidipine: a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with antioxidant activity. Free Rad. Biol. Med. (1992) 12:183–187.
- FORCE T, POMBO CM, AVRUCH JA, et al.: Stress-activated protein kinases in cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. (1996) 78:947–953.
- FERON O, SALOMONE S, GODFRAIND T: Inhibition by lacidipine of salt-dependent cardiac hypertrophy and endothelin gene expression in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) 210:219–224.
- CRISTOFORI P, LANZONI A, SPAGNOLO D, et al.: The effect of lacidipine on atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE knock-out mice. Atherosclerosis (1997) 134:33.
- SOMA MR, DONETTI E, SEREGNI R, et al.: Effect of lacidipine on fatty and proliferative lesions induced in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1996) 118:215–219.
- CRISTOFORI P, MICHELI D, LANZONI A, et al.: Antiatherosclerotic activity of lacidipine in cholesterol-fed hamsters. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1994) 111 (Suppl.) :270P.
- CRISTOFORI P, SBARBATI A, AC C ORDINI C, et al.: Protective action of lacidipine in cardiac hypertrophy of the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat: an ultrastructural study. J. Submicroscop. Cytol. Pathol. (1995) 26:331–340.
- CRISTOFORI P, TERRON A, MICHELI D, et al.: Vascular protection of lacidipine in salt-loaded Dahl-S rats at nonsustained antihypertensive doses. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. (1991) 7\(Suppl. 4):S75–S86.
- PSATY BM, HECKBERT SR, KOEPSELL TD, et al.: The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug therapy. JAMA (1995) 274:620–625.
- PACKER M: The PRAISE trial (Prospective Randomised Amlodipine Survival Evaluation): background and main results. American College of Cardiology Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA (21 March 1995). Cited in Formulary (1995) 30:253–258.
- PAHOR M, GURALNIK JM, SALIVE ME, et al.: Do calcium channel blockers increase the risk of cancer Am. J. Hypertens. (1996) 9:695–699.
- KAPLAN NM: Do calcium channel antagonists cause death, gastrointestinal bleeding, and cancer Am. J. Cardiol. (1996) 78:932–933.