HIV entry and fusion inhibitors

Bibliography

• RAFFANTI S, HAAS DW: Antiretroviral agents. In: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Hardman JG, Limbird LE (Eds), McGraw Hill, New York, USA (2001):1349–1379.
   Google Scholar
• ••An excellent review of HIV pathogenesis and current approaches to treatment.
   Google Scholar
• WEISS RA: Gullivers travels in HIV land. Nature (2001) 410:963–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STANTCHEV TS, BRODER CC: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and chemokines: beyond competition for common cellular receptors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev (2001) 12:219–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAMSON M, LIBERT F, DORANZ BJ et al: Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene. Nature (1996) 382:722–725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •This paper describes the protection from HIV infection conferred by the A35 mutation in CCR5.
   Google Scholar
• DEAN M, CARRINGTON M, WINKLER C et al: Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science (1996) 273:1856–1862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •This paper describes the protection from HIV infection conferred by the A35 mutation in CCR5.
   Google Scholar
• PIOT P, BARTOS M, GHYS PD, WALKER N, SCHWARTLANDER B: The global impact of HIV/AIDS. Nature(2001) 410:968–973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •An interesting review of the global HIV epidemic.
   Google Scholar
• NABEL GJ: Challenges and opportunity for development of an HIV vaccine. Nature (2001) 410:1002–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OGDEN RT, FLEXNER CW: Protease Inhibitors IP the Treatment of AIDS Marcel Dekker, New York, USA (2001).
   Google Scholar
• RICHMAN DD: HIV chemotherapy Nature (2001) 410:995–1001.
   Google Scholar
• MCCUNE JM: The dynamics of CD4 T cell depletion in HIV disease. Nature (2001) 410:974–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAVLIR DV, RICHMAN DD: Viral dynamics of HIV: implications for drug development and therapeutic strategies. Ann. Intern. Med. (1996) 124:984–994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUNTHARD HF, WONG JK, IGNACIO CC et al: Human immunodeficiency virus replication and genotypic resistance in blood and lymph nodes after a year of potent antiretroviral therapy.' Vim]. (1998) 72:2422–2428.
   Google Scholar
• WONG JK, HEZAREH M, GUNTHARD HF et al: Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. Science (1997) 278:1291–1295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAVLIR DV, MARSCHNER IC, HIRSCH MS et al: Maintenance antiretroviral therapies in HIV infected patients with undetectable plasma HIV RNA after triple-drug therapy. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study 343 Team. N. Engl. J. Med. (1998) 339:1261–1268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FINZI D, BLANKSON J, SILICIANO JD et al: Latent infection of CD4' T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:512–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LABONTE J, LEBBOS J, KIRKPATRICK P: Enfuvirtide. Nat. Rev Drug Discov (2003) 2:345–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Reviews the launch of enfuvirtide, the first approved HIV fusion inhibitor.
   Google Scholar
• DECLERCQ E: Strategies in the design of anti-retroviral drugs. Nat. Rev Drug Discov (2002) 1:13–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAAG MS, KILBY JM: HIV-1 and HAART: a time to cure, a time to kill. Nat. Med. (1999) 6:609–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VOLBERDING PA, DEEKS SG: Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: promises and problems. JAMA (1998) 279:1343–1344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Describes the limitations of current anti-retroviral therapy.
   Google Scholar
• BLAIR WS, LIN PF, MEANWRELL NA, WALLACE OB: HIV-1 entry an expanding portal for drug discovery. Drug Dev. Today (2000) 5:183–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ECKERT DM, KIM PS: Mechanisms of viral membrane fusion and its inhibition. AMU. Rev Biochem. (2001)70:777–810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A thorough review of the mechanism ofHIV entry and its implications for drug development.
   Google Scholar
• ZHANG W, CANZIANI G, PLUGARIU C et al: Conformational changes of gp120 in epitopes near the CCR5 binding site are induced by CD4 and a CD4 miniprotein mimetic. Biochemistry (1999) 38:9405–9416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRAGIC T: An overview of the determinants of CCR5 and CXCR4 co-receptor function. J. Gen. Virol. (2001) 82:1807–1814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILD CT, SHUGARS DC, GREEN WELL TK, MCDANAL CB, MATTHEWS TJ: Peptides corresponding to a predictive alpha-helical domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 are potent inhibitors of virus infection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:9770–9774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LALEZARI JP, HENRY K, O'HEARN M et alEnfuvirtide, an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor, for drug-resistant HIV infection in North and South America. N Engl. Med. (2003) 348:2175–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DECLERCQ E: Inhibition of HIV infection by bicyclams, highly potent and specific CXCR4 antagonists. Ma. Pharmacol (2000) 57:833–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENDRIX CW, FLEXNER C, MCFARLAND RT et al: Pharmacokinetics and safety of AMD3100, a novel antagonist of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in human volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44:1667–1673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU R, PAXTON WA, CHOE S et al: Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell (1996) 86:367–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRKOLA A, KETAS TJ, NAGASHIMA KA et al: Potent, broad-spectrum inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by the CCR5 monoclonal antibody PRO 140. Virol (2001) 75:579–588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BABA M, NISHIMURA O, KANZAKI N et al.: A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:5698–5703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The first report of a small molecule CCR5 antagonists.
   Google Scholar
• HALE JJ, BUDHU RJ, MILLS SG et al: 1,3,4-Trisubstituted pyrrolidine CCR5 receptor antagonists. Part 1: discovery of the pyrrolidine scaffold and determination of its stereochemical requirements. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2001) 11:1437–1440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALE JJ, BUDHU RJ, HOLSON EB et al.: 1,3,4-Trisubstituted pyrrolidine CCR5 receptor antagonists. Part 2: lead optimization affording selective, orally bioavailable compounds with potent anti-HIV activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2001) 11:2741–2745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAZMIERSKI W, BIFULCO N, YANG H et al.: Recent progress in discovery of small-molecule CCR5 chemokine receptor ligands as HIV-1 inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. (2003) 11:2663–2676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••A comprehensive review of small moleculeCCR5 inhibitors.
   Google Scholar
• BOYLE CD, PALANI A: Structure activity relationship studies: M2 and CCR5 receptor antagonists. Curr. top. med. chem. (2003) 3:1155–1169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRIZKI JM, XU S, WAGNER NE et al.: SCH-C (SCH 351125), an orally bioavailable, small molecule antagonist of the chemokine receptor CCR5, is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA (2001) 98:12718–12723.
   Google Scholar
• MAEDA K, YOSHIMURA K, SHIBAYAMA S et al.: Novel low molecular weight spirodiketopiperazine derivatives potently inhibit R5 HIV-1 infection through their antagonistic effects on CCR5. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:35194–35200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZOU YR, KOTTMANN AH, KURODA M, TANIUCHI I, LITTMAN DR: Function of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in haematopoiesis and in cerebellar development. Nature (1998) 393:595–599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUHMANN SE, PUGACH P, KUNSTMAN KJ et al.: Genetic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from a small-molecule CCR5 inhibitor. J. Virol (2004) 78:2790–2807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar