A review of the latest clinical compounds to inhibit VEGF in pathological angiogenesis

Bibliography

• GRIFFOEN A, MOLENA G: Angiogenesis: potentials for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Pharmacol. Rev. (2000) 51:237-268.
   Google Scholar
• FERRARA N: VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2002) 2:795-803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAMELIET P, JAIN R: Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature (2000) 407:249-257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RISAU W: Mechanism of angiogenesis. Nature (1997) 386:671-674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FILDEN I: The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis revisited. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2003) 3:453-458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RIFKIN DB, MOSCATELLI D: Recent developments in the cell biology of basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Cell Biol. (1989) 109:1-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICOSIA RF, NICOSIA SV, SMITH M: Vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 promote rat aortic angiogenesis in vitro. Am. J. Pathol. (1994) 145:1023-1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAKAHASHI Y, BUCANA CD, LIU W et al.: Platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in human colon cancer angiogenesis: role of infiltrating cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1996) 88:1146-1151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOUANNEAU J, MOENS G, MONTESANO R et al.: FGF-1 but not FGF-4 secreted by carcinoma cells promotes in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis and rapid tumor proliferation. Growth Factors (1995) 12:37-47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SURI C, MCCLAIN J, THURSTON G et al.: Increased vascularization in mice overexpressing angiopoietin-1. Science (1998) 282:468-471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEPPER MS, VASSALLI JD, ORCI L et al.: Biphasic effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on in vitro angiogenesis. Exp. Cell Res. (1993) 204:356-363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLEAVE ME, HSIEH JT, WU HC et al.: Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated autocrine and paracrine stimulation of human transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:5300-5307.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FERRARA N: VEGF: an update on biological and therapeutic aspects. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. (2000) 11:617-624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOLKMAN J, MERLER E, ABERNATHY C, WILLAIMS G: Isolation of a tumour factor responsible of angiogenesis. J. Exp. Med. (1971) 133:275-288.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, HENZEL WJ: Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1989) 161:851-858.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEUNG DW, CACHIANES G, KUANG WJ et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science (1989) 246:1306-1309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, ALITALO K: Clinical applications of angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:1359-1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUFELD G, COHEN T, GENGRINOVITCH S et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J. (1999) 13:9-22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER M, CLAUSS M, LEPPLE-WIENHUES A et al.: A novel vascular endothelial growth factor encoded by Orf virus, VEGF- E, mediates angiogenesis via signalling through VEGFR-2 (KDR) but not VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) receptor tyrosine kinases. EMBO J. (1999) 18:363-374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OGAWA S, OKU A, SAWANO A et al.: A novel type of vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-E (NZ-7 VEGF), preferentially utilizes KDR/Flk-1 receptor and carries a potent mitotic activity without heparin-binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:31273-31282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TISCHER E, GOSPODAROWICZ D, MITCHELL R et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor: a new member of the platelet-derived growth factor gene family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1989) 165:1198-1206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HICKLIN DJ, ELLIS LM: Role of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway in tumour growth and angiogenesis. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 10:1011-1027.
   Google Scholar
• MUSTONEN T, ALITALO K: Endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases involved in angiogenesis. J. Cell Biol. (1995) 129:895-898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHINKARUK S, BAYLE M, LAIN G, DELERIS G. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), an emerging target for cancer chemotherapy. Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents (2003) 3:95-117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WILLETT CG, BOUCHER Y, DI TOMASO E et al.: Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. Nat. Med. (2004) 10:145-147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KERBEL RS: A cancer therapy resistant to resistance. Nature (1997) 390:335-336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GASTL G, HERMANN T, STEURER M et al.: Angiogenesis as a target for tumot treatment. Oncology (1997) 54:177-184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAARISTO A, KARPANEN T, ALITALO K: Mechanisms of angiogenesis and their use in the inhibition of tumour growth and metastasis. Oncogene (2000) 19:6122-6129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARDONES AR, BANEZ LL: VEGF inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2006) 12:387-394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HICKLIN DJ, WITTE L, ZHU Z et al.: Monoclonal antibody strategies to block angiogenesis. Drug Discov. Today (2001) 6:517-528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WARREN RS, YUAN H, MATLI MR et al.: Regulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of human colon cancer tumorigenesis in a mouse model of experimental liver metastasis. J. Clin. Invest. (1995) 95:1789-1797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM KJ, LI B, WINER J et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature (1993) 362:841-844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, HILLAN KJ, GERBER HP et al.: Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2004) 3:391-400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IQBAL S, LENZ HJ: Angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Semin. Oncol. (2004) 31(Suppl. 17):10-16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GORDON M, MARGOLIN K, TALPAZ M et al.: Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19:1843-850.
   Google Scholar
• HURWITZ H, FEHRENBACHER L, NOVOTNY W et al.: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:2335-2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER K, WANG M, GRALOW J et al.: A randomized Phase III trial of paclitaxel versus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: a trial coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2100). Breast Cancer Res. Treat. (2005) 95(Suppl. 1):S6.
   Google Scholar
• SANDLER AB, GRAY R, BRAHMER J et al.: Randomized Phase II/III trial of paclitaxel plus carboplatin with or without bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer:An Eastern Cooperative oncology Group Trial-E4599. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:4a.
   Google Scholar
• JAYSON GC, MULATERO C, RANSON M et al.: Phase I investigation of recombinant anti-human vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in patients with advanced cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2005) 41:555-563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAYSON GC, ZWEIT J, JACKSON A et al.: Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody: implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2002) 94(19):1484-1493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHULMAN K, ROSEN S, TUGNAZZI K et al.: Expression of vascular permeability factor (VPF/VEGF) is altered in many glomerular diseases. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (1996) 7:661-666.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PREWETT M, HUBER J, LI Y et al.: Antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (fetal liver kinase 1) monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of several mouse and human tumors. Cancer Res. (1999) 59:5209-5218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHU Z, ROCKWELL P, LU D et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced receptor activation with anti-kinase insert domain containing receptor single-chain antibodies from a phage display library. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:3209-3214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LU D, KOTANIDES H et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor induced mitogenesis of human endothelial cells by a chimeric anti-kinase insert domain-containing receptor antibody. Cancer Lett. (1999) 136:203-213.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• POSEY JA, NG TC, YANG B et al.: A Phase I study of anti-kinase insert domain-containing receptor antibody, IMC-1C11, in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. (2003) 9:1323-1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAMIDGE DR, ECKERHARDT SG, DIAB S et al.: A Phase I dose-escalation study of weekly IMC-1121B, a fully human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) IgG1 monoclonal antibody (Mab), in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3032a.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MASOOD R, KUNDRA A, ZHU S et al.: Malignant mesothelioma growth inhibition by agents that target the VEGF and VEGF-C autocrine loops. Int. J. Cancer (2003) 104:603-620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEVINE AM, TULPULE A, QUINN DI et al.: Phase I study of antisense oligonucleotide against vascular endothelial growth factor: decrease in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor with potential clinical efficacy. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:1712-1717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARRY TJ, CUSHMAN C, GALLEGOS AM et al.: Bioactivity of anti-angiogenic ribozymes targeting Flt-1 and KDR mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. (1999) 27:2569-2577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WENG DE, MASCI PA, RADKA SF: A Phase I clinical trial of a ribozyme-based angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 for patients with refractory solid tumors. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2005) 4:948-955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN P, SANKAR S, SHAN S et al.: Inhibition of tumour growth by targeting tumour endothelium using a soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Cell Growth Differ. (1998) 9:49-58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HOLASH J, DAVIS S, PAPADOPOULOS N et al.: VEGF-Trap: A VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99:11393-11398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAU SC, ROSA DD, JAYSON G: Technology evaluation: VEGF Trap (cancer), Regeneron/Sanofi-Aventis. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. (2005) 7:493-501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BATES DO, HARPER SJ: Therapeutic potential of inhibitory VEGF splice variants. Future Oncol. (2005) 1:467-473.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CLARK JW, EDER JP, RYAN D, LATHIA C, LENZ HJ: Safety and pharmacokinetics of the dual action raf kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, BAY43-9006, in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:5472-5480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RATAIN MJ, EISEN TM, STADLER WM et al.: Phase II placebo-controlled randomized discontinuation trial of sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:2505-2512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESCUDIER B, SZCZYLIK C, EISEN T et al.: Randomised Phase III trial of the raf kinase and VEGF inhibitor sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:4510a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOTZER RJ, MICHAELSON MD, REDMAN BG et al.: Activity of SU11248, a multitargeted inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:16-24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOTZER RJ, HUTSON TE, TOMCZAK P et al.: Phase III randomized trial of sunitinib (SU11248) versus interferon-alfa as first-line systemic therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:LBA3.
   Google Scholar
• SUSMAN E: New drug increases survival in stomach cancer. Lancet Oncol. (2006) 7:286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DEMETRI GD, VAN OOSTEROM AT, GARRETT CR et al.: Efficacy and safety of sunitinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour after failure of imatinib: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2006) 368:1329-1338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORGAN B, THOMAS AL, DREVS J et al.: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a biomarker for the pharmacological response of PTK787/ZK222584, an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and liver metastases: results from two Phase I studies. J. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 21:3955-3964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HECHT JR, TRARBACH T, JAEGER E et al.: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled Phase III study in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum receiving first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and PTK787/ZK28854 or placebo (CONFIRM-1). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:3a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOEHNE C, BAJETTA E, LIN E et al.: Results of an interim analysis of a multinational randomized, double-blind, Phase III study in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer receiving FOLFOX4 and PTK787/ZK222584 or placebo (CONFIRM-2). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3508a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEDGE SR, KENDREW J, HENNEQUIN LF et al.: AZD2171: a highly potent, orally bioavailable, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:4389-400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DREVS J, MEDINGER M, MROSS K et al.: Phase I clinical evaluation of AZD2171, a highly potent VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:3002a.
   Google Scholar
• LORUSSO PM, HEATH E, VALDIVIESO M et al.: Phase I evaluation of AZD2171, a highly potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR signalling, in combination with selected chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3034a.
   Google Scholar
• LAURIE SA, ARNOLD A, GAUTHIER I et al.: Final results of a Phase I study of daily oral AZD2171, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3054a.
   Google Scholar
• POLVERINO A, COXON A, STARNES C et al.: AMG 706, an oral, multikinase inhibitor that selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and Kit receptors, potently inhibits angiogenesis and induces regression in tumor xenografts. Cancer Res. (2006) 66:8715-8721.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSEN L, KURZROCK R, JACKSON E et al.: Safety and pharmacokinetics of AMG 706 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:3013a.
   Google Scholar
• RUGO HS, HERBST RS, LIU G et al.: Phase I trial of the oral antiangiogenesis agent AG-013736 in patients with advanced solid tumors: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:5474-5483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIU G, RUGO HS, WILDING G et al.: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging as a pharmacodynamic measure of response after acute dosing of AG-013736, an oral angiogenesis inhibitor in patients with advanced solid tumors: results from a Phase I study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:5464-5473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RINI B, RIXE O, BUKOWSKI R et al.: AG-013736, a multi-target tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a Phase II study of cytokine-refractory, metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:3003a.
   Google Scholar
• BASSER R, HURWITZ H, BARGE A et al.: Phase I pharmacokinetic and biological study of the angiogenesis inhibitor, ZD6474, in patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 20:396a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MINAMI H, EBI H, TAHARA M et al.: A Phase I study of an oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474, in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 22:778a.
   Google Scholar
• MILLER KD, TRIGO JM, WHEELER C et al.: A multicenter Phase II trial of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:3369-3376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEEBE JS, JANI JP, KNAUTH E et al.: Pharmacological characterization of CP-547,632, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:7301-7309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUTSON TE, BUKOWSKI RM: A Phase II study of GW786034 using a randomized discontinuation design in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer. (2006) 4:296-298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAMOTO Y, WATANABE T, TSURUOKA A et al.: E7080, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has direct anti-tumor efficacy via inhibition of KIT signaling in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (AACR) (2006) 47:4038a.
   Google Scholar
• GARTON AJ, CREW AP, FRANKLIN M et al.: OSI-930: a novel selective inhibitor of Kit and kinase insert domain receptor tyrosine kinases with antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. Cancer Res. (2006) 66:1015-1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHANG YS, CORTES C, POLONY B et al.: Preclinical chemotherapy with the VEGFR-2 and PDGFR inhibitor, BAY 57-9352, in combination with capecitabine and paclitaxel. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (AACR) (2005) 46:2030a.
   Google Scholar
• GUO J, MARCOTTE PA, MCCALL JO et al.: Inhibition of phosphorylation of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-Fms) tyrosine kinase in transfected cells by ABT-869 and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:1007-1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHIDE RS, CAI ZW, ZHANG YZ et al.: Discovery and preclinical studies of BMS-540215 during Phase I trial have shown that this compound is an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. J. Med. Chem. (2006) 49:2143-2146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAGUCHI E, NAKAMURA K, MIURA T et al.: The efficacy of KRN951, a novel VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in intraperitoneal disseminated tumor models. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (AACR) (2005) 46:5836a.
   Google Scholar
• DAVIS DW, MCCONKEY DJ, ABBRUZZESE JL: Surrogate markers in antiangiogenesis clinical trials. Br. J. Cancer (2003) 89:8-14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARULEKAR WR, EISENHAUER EA: Phase I trial design for solid tumor studies of targeted non-cytotoxic agents:theory and practice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2004) 96:990-997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JUBB AM, OATES AJ, HOLDEN S, KOEPPEN H: Predicting benefit from anti-angiogenic agents in malignancy. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2006) 6:626-635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JUBB AM, HURWITZ HI, BAI W et al.: Impact of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression, thrombospondin-2 expression and microvessel density on the treatment effect of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:217-227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INCE WL, JUBB AM, HOLDEN SN et al.: Association of K-ras, b-raf and p53 status with the treatment effect of bevacizumab. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2005) 97:981-989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REHMAN S, JAYSON GC: Molecular imaging of antiangiogenic agents. Oncologist (2005) 10:92-103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERONESE ML, MOSENKIS A, FLAHERTY KT et al.: Mechanisms of hypertension associated with BAY 43-9006. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:1363-1369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANE DC, ANTON L, BROSNIHAN KB: Angiogenic growth factors and hypertension. Angiogenesis (2004) 7:193-201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JOHNSON DH, FEHRENBACHER L, NOVOTNY WF et al.: Randomized Phase II trial comparing bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel with carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2004) 22:2184-2191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEN XF, YANG G, MAO W et al.: HER2 signaling modulates the equilibrium between pro- and antiangiogenic factors via distinct pathways: implications for HER2-targeted antibody therapy. Oncogene (2006) Epub ahead of print.
   Google Scholar
• CASANOVAS O, HICKLIN DJ, BERGERS G et al.: Drug resistance by evasion of antiangiogenic targeting of VEGF signaling in late-stage pancreatic islet tumors. Cancer Cell (2005) 8:299-309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG JC, HAWORTH L, SHERRY RM et al.: A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cell cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:427-434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RINI BI, GEORGE DJ, MICHAELSON MD et al.: Efficacy and safety of sunitinib malate (SU 11248) in bevacizumab-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:4522a.
   Google Scholar
• AZAD NS, POSADAS EM, KWITKOWSKI VE et al.: Increased efficacy and toxicity with combination anti-VEGF therapy using sorafenib and bevacizumab. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3004a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRYCZEK I, LANGE A, MOTTRAM P, ALVAREZ X, CHENG P, HOGAN M: CXCL12 and vascular endothelial growth factor synergistically Induce neoangiogenesis in human ovarian cancers. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:465-472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GULENG B, TATEISHI K, OHTA M: Blockade of the stromal cell–derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis attenuates in vivo tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis in a vascular endothelial growth factor–independent manner. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:5864-5871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar