STAT nuclear translocation: potential for pharmacological intervention

Bibliography

• LEVY DE, DARNELL JE Jr: Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. (2002) 3:651-662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IHLE JN: The Stat family in cytokine signaling. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. (2001) 13:211-217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'SHEA JJ, GADINA M, SCHREIBER RD: Cytokine signaling in 2002: new surprises in the Jak/Stat pathway. Cell (2002) 109:S121-131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'SHEA JJ, HUSA M, LI D, HOFMANN SR et al.: Jak3 and the pathogenesis of severe combined immunodeficiency. Mol. Immunol. (2004) 41:727-737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAPGIER A, WYNN RF, JOUANGUY E et al.: Human complete Stat-1 deficiency is associated with defective type I and II IFN responses in vitro but immunity to some low virulence viruses in vivo. J. Immunol. (2006) 176:5078-5083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUPUIS S, DARGEMONT C, FIESCHI C et al.: Impairment of myobacterial but not viral immunity by a germline human STAT1 mutation. Science (2001) 293:300-303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURKSON J: STAT proteins as novel targets for cancer drug discovery. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets (2004) 8:409-422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAURA EB, TURKSON J, JOVE R: Mechanisms of disease: insights into the emerging role of signal transducers and activators of transcription in cancer. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. (2005) 2:315-324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VINKEMEIER U, COHEN SL, MOAREFI I, CHAIT BT, KURIYAN J, DARNELL JE Jr: DNA binding of in vitro activated Stat1 α, Stat1 β and truncated Stat1: interaction between NH2-terminal domains stabilizes binding of two dimers to tandem DNA sites. EMBO J. (1996) 15:5616-5626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER T, HENDRY L, BEGITT A, JOHN S, VINKEMEIER U: A single residue modulates tyrosine dephosphorylation, oligomerization, and nuclear accumulation of Stat transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:18998-19007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OTA N, BRETT TJ, MURPHY TL, FREMONT DH, MURPHY KM: N-domain-dependent nonphosphorylated STAT4 dimers required for cytokine-driven activation. Nat. Immunol. (2004) 5:208-215.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HORVATH CM, STARK GR, KERR IM, DARNELL JE Jr: Interactions between STAT and non-STAT proteins in the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1996) 16:6957-6964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HORVATH CM, WEN Z, DARNELL JE Jr: A STAT protein domain that determines DNA sequence recognition suggests a novel DNA-binding domain. Genes Dev. (1995) 15:984-994.
   Google Scholar
• YANG E, HENRIKSEN MA, SCHAEFER O, ZAKHAROVA N, DARNELL JE Jr: Dissociation time from DNA determines transcriptional function in a STAT1 linker mutant. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:13455-13462.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SHUAI K, HORVATH CM, HUANG LH, QURESHI SA, COWBURN D, DARNELL JE Jr: Interferon activation of the transcription factor Stat91 involves dimerization through SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions. Cell (1994) 76:821-828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RANE SG, REDDY EP: Janus kinases: components of multiple signaling pathways. Oncogene (2000) 19:5662-5679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STARK GR, KERR IM, WILLIAMS BR, SILVERMAN RH, SCHREIBER RD: How cells respond to interferons. Annu. Rev. Biochem. (1998) 67:227-264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHUAI K, STARK GR, KERR IM, DARNELL JE Jr: A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-γ. Science (1993) 261:1744-1746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHINDLER C, SHUAI K, PREZIOSO VR, DARNELL JE Jr: Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor. Science (1992) 257:809-813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QURESHI SA, SALDITT-GEORGIEFF M, DARNELL JE Jr: Tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat1 and Stat2 plus a 48-kDa protein all contact DNA in forming interferon-stimulated-gene factor 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:3829-3833.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MEYER T, BEGITT A, LÖDIGE I, VAN ROSSUM M, VINKEMEIER U: Constitutive and IFN-γ-induced nuclear import of STAT1 proceed through independent pathways. EMBO J. (2002) 21:344-354.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MARG A, SHAN Y, MEYER T, MEISSNER T, BRANDENBURG M, VINKEMEIER U: Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by nucleoporins Nup153 and Nup214 and CRM1-dependent nuclear export control the subcellular distribution of latent Stat1. J. Cell Biol. (2004) 21:823-833.
   Google Scholar
• LÖDIGE I, MARG A, WIESNER B, MALECOVÁ B, OELGESCHLÄGER T, VINKEMEIER U: Nuclear export determines the cytokine sensitivity of STAT transcription factors. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) 280:43087-43099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PAINE PL, FELDHERR CM: Nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules. Exp. Cell Res. (1972) 74:81-98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAHRENKROG B, KÖSER J, AEBI U: The nuclear pore complex: a jack of all trades? Trends Biochem. Sci. (2004) 29:175-182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOSE S, IMAMOTO N, TACHIBANA T, SHIMAMOTO T, YONEDA Y: Ran-unassisted nuclear migration of a 97-kD component of nuclear pore-targeting complex. J. Cell Biol. (1997) 139:841-849.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BISCHOFF FR, SCHEFFZEK K, PONSTINGL H: How Ran is regulated. Results Probl. Cell Differ. (2002) 35:49-66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FAGERLUND R, MELÉN K, KINNUNEN L, JULKUNEN I: Arginine/lysine-rich nuclear localization signals mediate interactions between dimeric STATs and importin α5. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:30072-30078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBRIDE KM, BANNINGER G, McDONALD C, REICH NC: Regulated nuclear import of the STAT1 transcription factor by direct binding of importin-α. EMBO J. (2002) 21:1754-1763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MA J, ZHANG T, NOVOTNY-DIERMAYR V, TAN AL, CAO X: A novel sequence in the coiled-coil domain of Stat3 essential for its nuclear translocation. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:29252-29260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MELÉN K, KINNUNEN L, JULKUNEN I: Arginine/lysine-rich structural element is involved in interferon-induced nuclear import of STATs. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:16447-16455.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• STREHLOW I, SCHINDLER C: Amino-terminal signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) domains regulate nuclear translocation and STAT deactivation. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:28049-28056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEISSNER T, KRAUSE E, LÖDIGE I, VINKEMEIER U: Arginine methylation of STAT1: a reassessment. Cell (2004) 119:587-589.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SEKIMOTO T, IMAMOTO N, NAKAJIMA K, HIRANO T, YONEDA Y: Extracellular signal-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated by nuclear pore-targeting complex formation with NPI-1, but not Rch1. EMBO J. (1997) 16:7067-7077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MELÉN K, FAGERLUND R, FRANKE J, KÖHLER M, KINNUNEN L, JULKUNEN I: Importin α nuclear localization signal binding sites for STAT1, STAT2, and influenza A virus nucleoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:28193-28200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAWASHIMA T, BAO YC, NOMURA Y et al.: Rac1 and a GTPase-activating protein, MgcRacGAP, are required for nuclear translocation of STAT transcription factors. J. Cell Biol. (2006) 175:937-946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIMON AR, VIKIS HG, STEWART S, FANBURG BL, COCHRAN BH, GUAN KL: Regulation of STAT3 by direct binding to the Rac1 GTPase. Science (2000) 290:144-147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PRANADA AL, METZ S, HERRMANN A, HEINRICH PC, MÜLLER-NEWEN G: Real time analysis of STAT3 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:15114-15123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZENG R, AOKI Y, YOSHIDA M, ARAI K, WATANABE S: Stat5B shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus in a cytokine-dependent and -independent manner. J. Immunol. (2002) 168:4567-4575.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHATTERJEE-KISHORE M, WRIGHT KL, TING JP, STARK GR: How Stat1 mediates constitutive gene expression: a complex of unphosphorylated Stat1 and IRF1 supports transcription of the LMP2 gene. EMBO J. (2000) 19:4111-4122. [Erratum in: EMBO J. 19:4855].
   Google Scholar
• YANG J, LIAO X, AGARWAL MK, BARNES L, AURON PE, STARK GR: Unphosphorylated STAT3 accumulates in response to IL-6 and activates transcription by binding to NF-κB. Genes Dev. (2007) 21:1396-1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YANG J, CHATTERJEE-KISHORE M, STAUGAITIS SM et al.: Novel roles of unphosphorylated STAT3 in oncogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:939-947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUMAR A, COMMANE M, FLICKINGER TW, HORVATH CM, STARK GR: Defective TNF-α-induced apoptosis in STAT1-null cells due to low constitutive levels of caspases. Science (1997) 278:1630-1632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAO X, REN Z, PARKER GN et al.: Structural bases of unphosphorylated STAT1 association and receptor binding. Mol. Cell (2005) 17:761-771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERTENS C, ZHONG M, KRISHNARAJ R, ZOU W, CHEN X, DARNELL JE Jr: Dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine on STAT1 dimers requires extensive spatial reorientation of the monomers facilitated by the N-terminal domain. Genes Dev. (2006) 20:3372-3381.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HASPEL RL, SALDITT-GEORGIEFF M, DARNELL JE Jr: The rapid inactivation of nuclear tyrosine phosphorylated Stat1 depends upon a protein tyrosine phosphatase. EMBO J. (1996) 15:6262-6268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAITO S, OGINO T, MIYAJIMA N, KATO A, KOHASE M: Dephosphorylation failure of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 in IFN-stimulated Sendai virus C protein-expressing cells. Virol (2002) 293:205-209.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TOYODA H, IDO M, HAYASHI T et al.: Impairment of IL-12-dependent STAT4 nuclear translocation in a patient with recurrent Mycobacterium avium infection. J. Immunol. (2004) 172:3905-3912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SCHMITZ J, DAHMEN H, GRIMM C et al.: The cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs in full-length glycoprotein 130 have different roles in IL-6 signal transduction. J. Immunol. (2000) 164:848-854.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ANDREWS RP, ERICKSEN MB, CUNNINGHAM CM, DAINES MO, HERSHEY GK: Analysis of the life cycle of Stat6. Continuous cycling of Stat6 is required for IL-4 signaling. J. Biol. Chem. (2002) 277:36563-36569.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HASPEL RL, DARNELL JE Jr: A nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase is required for the inactivation of Stat1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:10188-10193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LERNER L, HENRIKSEN MA, ZHANG X, DARNELL JE Jr: STAT3-dependent enhanceosome assembly and disassembly: synergy with GR for full transcriptional increase of the α2-macroglobulin gene. Genes Dev. (2003) 17:2564-2577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER T, MARG A, LEMKE P, WIESNER B, VINKEMEIER U: DNA binding controls inactivation and nuclear accumulation of the transcription factor Stat1. Genes Dev. (2003) 17:1992-2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEGITT A, MEYER T, VAN ROSSUM M, VINKEMEIER U: Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of Stat1 is regulated by a leucine-rich export signal in the coiled-coil domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000) 97:10418-10423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KUDO N, WOLFF B, SEKIMOTO T et al.: Leptomycin B inhibition of signal-mediated nuclear export by direct binding to CRM1. Exp. Cell Res. (1998) 242:540-547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCBRIDE KM, MCDONALD C, REICH NC: Nuclear export signal located within the DNA-binding domain of the STAT1 transcription factor. EMBO J. (2000) 19:6196-6206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BHATTACHARYA S, SCHINDLER C: Regulation of Stat3 nuclear export. J. Clin. Invest. (2003) 111:553-559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'SHEA JJ, PESU M, BORIE DC, CHANGELIAN PS: A new modality for immunosuppression: targeting the JAK/STAT pathway. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2004) 3:555-564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAKESH K, AGRAWAL DK: Controlling cytokine signaling by constitutive inhibitors. Biochem. Pharmacol. (2005) 70:649-657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DESRIVIERES S, KUNZ C, BARASH I, VAFAIZADEH V, BORGHOUTS C, GRONER B: The biological functions of the versatile transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5 and new strategies for their targeted inhibition. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia (2006) 11:75-87.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FERRAJOLI A, FADERL S, RAVANDI F, ESTROV Z: The JAK-STAT pathway: a therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets (2006) 6:671-679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHANGELIAN PS, FLANAGAN ME, BALL DJ et al.: Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor. Science (2003) 302:875-878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUDLACZ E, PERRY B, SAWYER P et al.: The novel JAK-3 inhibitor CP-690550 is a potent immunosuppressive agent in various murine models. Am. J. Transplant. (2004) 4:51-57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CONKLYN M, ANDRESEN C, CHANGELIAN P, KUDLACZ E: The JAK3 inhibitor CP-690550 selectively reduces NK and CD8+ cell numbers in cynomolgus monkey blood following chronic oral dosing. J. Leukocyte Biol. (2004) 76:1248-1255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DARNELL JE Jr: Validating Stat3 in cancer therapy. Nat. Med. (2005) 11:595-596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SONG H, WANG R, WANG S, LIN J: A low-molecular-weight compound discovered through virtual database screening inhibits Stat3 function in breast cancer cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2005) 102:4700-4705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDDIQUEE K, ZHANG S, GUIDA WC et al.: Selective chemical probe inhibitor of Stat3, identified through structure-based virtual screening, induces antitumor activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2007) 104:7391-7736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NATARAJAN C, BRIGHT JJ: Curcumin inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 signaling through Janus kinase-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. (2002) 168:6506-6513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURKSON J, ZHANG S, PALMER J et al.: Inhibition of constitutive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation by novel platinum complexes with potent antitumor activity. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2004) 3:1533-1542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE YK, ISHAM CR, KAUFMAN SH, BIBLE KC: Flavopiridol disrupts STAT3/DNA interactions, attenuates STAT3-directed transcription, and combines with the Jak kinase inhibitor AG490 to achieve cytotoxic synergy. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:138-148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AGGARWAL BB, SETHI G, AHN KS et al.: Targeting signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-3 for prevention and therapy of cancer: modern targets but ancient solution. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2006) 4091:151-169.
   Google Scholar
• LYNCH RA, ETCHIN J, BATTLE TE, FRANK DA: A small-molecule enhancer of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 transcriptional activity accentuates the antiproliferative effects of IFN-γ in human cancer cells. Cancer Res. (2007) 67:1254-1261.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TURKSON J, KIM JS, ZHANG S et al.: Novel peptidomimetic inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 dimerization and biological activity. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2004) 3:261-269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CATALANO RD, JOHNSON MH, CAMPBELL EA, CHARNOCK-JONES DS, SMITH SK, SHARKEY AM: Inhibition of Stat3 activation in the endometrium prevents implantation: A nonsteroidal approach to contraception. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2005) 102:8585-8590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TURKSON J, RYAN D, KIM JS et al.: Phosphotyrosyl peptides block Stat3-mediated DNA binding activity, gene regulation, and cell transformation. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:45443-45455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REN Z, CABELL LA, SCHAEFER TS, MCMURRAY JS: Identification of a high-affinity phosphopeptide inhibitor of Stat3. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2003) 13:633-636.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HÖLSCHERMANN H, STADLBAUER TH, WAGNER AH et al.: STAT-1 and AP-1 decoy oligonucleotide therapy delays acute rejection and prolongs cardiac allograft survival. Cardiovasc. Res. (2006) 71:527-536.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HÜCKEL M, SCHURIGT U, WAGNER AH et al.: Attenuation of murine antigen-induced arthritis by treatment with a decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1). Arthritis Res. Ther. (2006) 8:R17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• QUARCOO D, WEIXLER S, GRONEBERG D et al.: Inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. (2004) 114:288-295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STOJANOVIC T, SCHEELE L, WAGNER AH et al.: STAT-1 decoy oligonucleotide improves microcirculation and reduces acute rejection in allogeneic rat small bowel transplants. Gene Ther. (2007) 14:883-890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XI S, GOODING WE, GRANDIS JR: In vivo antitumor efficacy of STAT3 blockade using a transcription factor decoy approch: implication for cancer therapy. Oncogene (2005) 24:970-979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEISSNER T, KRAUSE E, VINKEMEIER U: Ratjadone and leptomycin B block CRM1-dependent nuclear export by identical mechanisms. FEBS Lett. (2004) 576:27-30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRAY LJ, BJELOGRLIC V, APPELYARD VC et al.: Selective induction of apoptosis by leptomycin B in keratinocytes expressing HPV oncogenes. Int. J. Cancer (2007) 120:2317-2324.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KAU TR, SCHROEDER F, RAMASWAMY S et al.: A chemical genetic screen identifies inhibitors of regulated nuclear export of a Forkhead transcription factor in PTEN-deficient tumor cells. Cancer Cell (2003) 4:463-476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEYER T, BEGITT A, VINKEMEIER U: Green-fluorescent protein-tagging reduces the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling specifically of unphosphorylated STAT1. FEBS J. (2007) 274:815-826.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar