Advanced search
Publication Cover
Emerging Therapeutic Targets Volume 5, 2001 - Issue 2
Journal homepage
23
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Combating Gram-positive pathogens: emerging techniques to identify relevant virulence targets

Jacqueline E Shea Microscience Ltd., 545 Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 5TU, UK. [email protected]
,
Joseph D Santangelo Microscience Ltd., 545 Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 5TU, UK. [email protected]
&
Robert G Feldman Microscience Ltd., 545 Eskdale Road, Winnersh Triangle, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 5TU, UK. [email protected]
Pages 155-164 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • GOLD HS, MOELLERING RC: Antimicrobial drugresistance. N Eng]. J Med. (1996) 335:1445–1453.
  • MICHEL M, GUTMANN L: Methicillin-resistant Staphylo-coccus aureus and vancomycin -resistant en ter o co cci: therapeutic realities and possibilities. Lancet (1997) 349:1901–1906.
  • HIRAMATSU K, ARITAKA N, HANAKI H et al.: Dissemina-tion in Japanese hospitals of strains of Staphylococcus aureus heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin. Lancet (1997) 350:1670–1673.
  • HIRAMATSU K: The emergence of Staphylococcusaureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Japan. Am. J. Med. (1998) 104 (5A) :7S–10S.
  • The World Health Report 1996: Fighting disease,fostering development. U.N. World Health Organisation (WHO), WHO Publications, Geneva (1996). DAVIES J: Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemina-tion of resistance genes. Science (1994) 264:375-382. SWARTZ MN: Hospital-acquired infections: diseases with increasingly limited therapies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:2420–2427.
  • SALYERS AA, AMABILE-CUEVAS CF: Why are antibiotic resistance genes so resistant to elimination? Antimi-crob. Agents Chemother. (1997) 41 :2321–2325.
  • WALSH C: Molecular mechanisms that confer antibac-terial drug resistance. Nature (2000) 406 (6797):775–781.
  • KNOWLES DJC: New strategies for antibacterial drug design. Trends Microbic)]. (1997) 5 (10):379–383.
  • BAX RP: Antibiotic resistance: a view from the pharma-ceutical industry. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1997) 24:S151–S153.
  • FALKOW S: What is a pathogen? ASM News (1997) 63 (7):359–365.
  • LIPSITCH M, MOXON ER: Virulence and transmissibility of pathogens: what is the relationship? Trends Microbic)]. (1997) 5(0:31–37.
  • KNOWLES D, PATOU G: 'Essentiality' testing: lookingfor new antimicrobial targets. CUIT. Infect. Dis. Rep. (1999) 1 (5):488–494.
  • •This article reviews the current status of the search for new antimicrobial targets and discusses future developments and issues.
  • TANG CM, HOOD DW, MOXON ER: Microbial genomesequencing and pathogenesis. CUIT. Opin. Microbial (1998) 1(1):12–16.
  • MOIR DT, SHAW KJ, HARE RS, VOVIS GF: Genomics andantimicrobial drug discovery. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43(3):439–446.
  • BLACK T, HARE R: Will genomics revolutionise antimi-crobial drug discovery? CUIT. Opin. Microbial (2000) 3 (5):522–527.
  • ROSAMUND J, ALLSOP A: Harnessing the power of the genome in the search for new antibiotics. Science (2000) 287:1973–1976.
  • MAHAN MJ, SLAUCH JM, MEKALANOS JJ: Selection of bacterial virulence genes that are specifically induced in host tissues. Science (1993) 259:686–688.
  • VALDIVIA RH, FALKOW S: Bacterial genetics by flow cytometry: rapid isolation of Salmonella typhimurium acid-inducible promoters by differential fluorescence induction. Mol. Mkrobiol. (1996) 22:367–378.
  • VALDIVIA RH, FALKOW S: Fluorescence-based isolation of bacterial genes expressed within host cells. Science (1997) 277:2007–2011.
  • HARRINGTON CA, ROSENOW C, RETIEF J: Monitoring gene expression using DNA microarrays. Cum Opin. Microbic)]. (2000) 3 (3) :285–291.
  • WASHBURN MP, YATES JR III: Analysis of the microbial proteome. Curr. Opin. Microbic)]. (2000) 3(3):292–297.
  • PANDEY A, MANN M: Proteomics to study genes and genomes. Nature (2000) 405 (6788):837–846.
  • HENSEL M, SHEA JE. GLEESON C, JONES MD, DALTON E, HOLDEN DW: Simultaneous identification of bacterial virulence genes by negative selection. Science (1995) 269:400–403.
  • CHIANG SL, MEKALANOS JJ, HOLDEN DW: In vivo genetic analysis of bacterial virulence. Ann. Rev. Microbic)]. (1999) 53:129–154.
  • ••This article compares and contrasts the IVET, DFI and STMmethodologies for isolating bacterial virulence determi-nants, as well as the GAMBIT technique to identify in vitro essential genes.
  • MAHAN MJ, TOBIAS JW, SLAUCH JM et al: Antibiotic based IVET selection for bacterial virulence genes that are specifically induced during infection of a host. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1995) 92:669–673.
  • CAMILLI A, BEATTIE D, MEKALANOS J: Use of genetic recombination as a reporter of gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1994) 91:2634–2638.
  • SLAUCH JM, CAMILLI A: WET and RIVET: use of gene fusions to identify bacterial virulence factors specifi-cally induced in host tissues. Methods Enzymol. (2000) 326:73–96.
  • LOWE AM, BEATTIE DT, DERESIEWICZ RL: Identification of novel staphylococcal virulence genes by in vivo expression technology. Mol. Microbial (1998) 27:967–976.
  • •This paper is an early report of the application of IVET technology to the important Gram-positive pathogen S. aureus, where a recombination-type reporter system was employed.
  • GAHAN CGM, HILL C: The use of listeriolysin to identify in vivo induced genes in the Gram-positive intracel-lular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Mol. Microbic)]. (2000) 36(2)498–507.
  • PERRY RD: Signature-tagged mutagenesis and the hunt for virulence factors. Trends Microbial. (1999) 7(10385–389.
  • SHEA JE, HOLDEN DW: Signature-Tagged mutagenesis helps identify virulence genes. ASM News (2000) 66 (1):15–20.
  • SHEA JE, SANTANGELO JD, FELDMAN RG: Signature-tagged mutagenesis in the identification of virulence genes in pathogens. CUIT. Opin. Microbial. (2000) 3(5):451–458.
  • ••This recent review article describes the current body ofliterature on the application of STM to pathogenic organisms.
  • HOLDEN DW, HENSEL M: Signature tagged mutagenesis. In: Methods in Microbiology, Academic Press (1998) 27:359–370.
  • CORMACK BP, GHORI N, FALKOW S: An adhesin of the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata mediating adherence to human epithelial cells. Science (1999) 285 (5427):578–582.
  • MET J-M, NOURBAKHSH F, FORD CW, HOLDEN DW: Identification of Staphylococcus aureus virulence genes in a murine model of bacteraemia using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Mol. Microbiol. (1997) 26(2):399–407.
  • COULTER SN, SCHWAN WR, NG EYVV et al.: Staphylo-coccus aureus genetic loci impacting growth and survival in multiple infection environments. Mol. Microbic)]. (1998) 30(2):393–404.
  • POLISSI A, PONTIGGIA A, FEGER G et al: large-scale identification of virulence genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. (1998) 66(12):5620–5629.
  • •This paper describes the application of STM technology to the important Gram-positive pathogen S. pneumoniae.
  • JONES AL, KNOLL KM, RUBENS CE: Identification of Streptococcus agalactiae virulence genes in the neonatal rat sepsis model using signature-tagged mutagenesis. Mol. Mkrobiol. (2000) 37:1444–1455.

Websites

  • www.tigr.org/tdb/mdb The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) USA. Microbial databases (2000).
  • www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/Microbes The Sanger Centre, UK. Microbial sequencing projects (2000).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.