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- ••Important study that looked at children aged6–14 years with EIB. Evaluated the efficacy and safety of zafirlukast for inhibiting EIB.
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- ••Studied the effects of montelukast inpreventing EIB in children.
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- •Adult trial that studied the effects of montelukast in controlling mild asthma and EIB.
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- ••Important consensus statement regardingthe diagnosis and treatment of asthma with recommendations for childhood asthma.
- NIH/NHLBI: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Bethesda, MD, USA (2002).
- ••Important consensus statement regardingthe diagnosis and treatment of asthma with recommendations for childhood asthma.
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- ••Important consensus statement regardingthe diagnosis and treatment of asthma with recommendations for childhood asthma.
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- •Studied the safety and efficacy of montelukast for children aged 2–5 years with persistent asthma.
- PEARLMAN DS, LAMPL KL, DOWLING PJ, MILLER CJ, BONUCCELLI CM: Effectiveness and tolerability of zafirlukast for the treatment of asthma in children. Clin. The]: (2000) 22:732–747.
- ••Large, multi-centre trial evlauating the efficacy and safety of zafirlukast in children with mild persistent asthma.
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- ••Large, multi-centre trial comparing ICSto LTRA in patients with moderate, persistent asthma.
- DRAZEN JM, YANDAVA CN, DUBE L et al: Pharmacogenetic association between ALOX5 promoter genotype and the response to anti-asthma treatment. Nat. Genet. (1999) 22:168.
- WECHSLER ME, ISRAEL E: Pharmacogenetics of treatment with leukotriene modifiers. Carr: Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol (2002) 2:395–401.
- CYLLY A, KARA A, OZDEMIR T et al: Effects of oral montelukast on airway function in acute asthma. Respir. Med. (2003) 97:533–536.
- CAMARGO CA, SMITHLINE HA, MALICE MP et al.: A randomized, controlled trial of intravenous montelukast in acute asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2003) 167:528–533.
- DICPINIGAITIS PV, DOBKIN JB, REICHEL J: Antitussive effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast in subjects with cough-variant asthma. J. Asthma (2002) 39:291–297.
- KRAWIEC ME, WESTC OTT JY, CHU HW et al.: Persistent wheezing in very young children is associated with lower respiratory inflammation. Am. .1. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2001) 163:1338–1343.
- ••One of few studies to evaluate theinflammatory process that occurs in children with wheezing.
- CROCKER IC, ZHOU CY, BEWTRA AK et al.: Glucocorticosteroids inhibit leukotriene production. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol (1997) 78:497–505.
- VAN SCHAIK SM, TRISTAM DA, NAGPAL IS et al.: Increased production of IFN-y and cysteinyl leukotrienes in virus-induced wheezing. I Allergy Gin. Immunol (1999) 103(4):630–636.
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- BISGAARD H: A randomized trial of montelukast in respiratory syncytial virus postbronchiolitis. Am. .1. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (2003) 167:379–383.
- •Small trial that evaluated the effect of montelukast on post-viral wheeze.
- LOFDAHL CG, REISS TF, LEFF JA et al.: Randomized, placebo controlled trial of effect of a leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, on tapering inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic patients. Br. Med. J. (1999) 319:87–90.
- •Important trial looking at whether montelukast could benefit patients by allowing ICS doses to be tapered.
- TAMAOKI J, KONDO M, SAKAI N et al: Leukotriene antagonist prevents exacerbation of asthma during reduction of high-dose inhaled corticosteroid. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1997) 155:1235-1240. ao. TOHDA Y, FUJIMURA M, TANIGUCHI H et al: Leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, can reduce the need for inhaled steroid while maintaining the clinical stability of asthmatic patients. Clin. Exp. Allergy (2002) 32:1180–1186.
- LAVIOLETTE M, MALMSTROM K, LU S et al.: Montelukast added to inhaled beclomethasone in treatment of asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. (1999) 160(6):1862–1868.
- •Evaluated the benefits of adding montelukast to ICS for control of moderate, persistent asthma.
- VIRCHOW JC, PRASSE A, NAYA I et al.: Zafirlukast improves asthma control in patients receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Am. Respir. Crit. Care Med (2000) 162(2):578–585.
- •Evaluated the benefits of adding zafilukast to ICS for moderate-to-severe, persistent asthma.
- BUSSE WW, NELSON H, WOLFE J et al: Comparison of inhaled salmeterol and oral zafirlukast in patients with asthma. Allergy Clin. Immunol (1999) 103:1075–1080.
- NELSON HS, BUSSE WW, KERWIN E et al.: Fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination provides more effective asthma control than low-dose inhaled corticosteroid plus montelukast. I Allergy Clin. bronunol (2000) 106(6):1088–1095.
- SIMONS FE, VILLA JR, LEE BW et al:Montelukast added to budesonide in children with persistent asthma: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Pediatr. (2001) 138(5):694–698.
- PHIPATANAKUL W, GREENE C, DOWNES SJ et al.: Montelukast improves asthma control in asthmatic children maintained on inhaled corticosteroids. Ann. Allergy Asthma Innnunol (2003) 91(1):49–54.
- VOLOVITZ B, TABACHNIK E, NUSSINOVITCZ M et al.: Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, reduces the concentration of leukotrienes in respiratory tract of children with persistent asthma. I Allergy Olin. Inonunol. (1999) 104:1162–1167.
- •Important study in children that demonstrated a decrease in inflammation in the respiratory tract after treatment with montelukast.
- MASPERO JF, DUENAS-MEZA E, VOLOVITZ B et al.: Oral montelukast versus beclomethasone in 6–11 year old children with asthma: results of an open-label extension study evaluating long-term safety, satisfaction and adherence with therapy. Carr: Med. Res. Opin. (2001) 17:96–104.
- NATHAN RA, MINKWITZ MC, BONUCCELLI CM: Two first-line therapies in the treatment of mild asthma: use of peak flow variability as a predictor of effectiveness. Ann. Allergy Asthma Inonunol. (1999) 82:497–503.
- DUCHARME FM: Inhaled glucocorticoidsversus leukotriene receptor antagonists as single agent asthma treatment: systematic review of current evidence. Br. Med. (2003) 326:621.
- •Review of current literature citing 1 paediatric and 12 adult trials that have looked at ICS versus LTRAs for control of asthma.
- BUKSTEIN DA, LUSKIN AT, BERNSTEIN A: 'Real-world' effectiveness of daily controller medicine in children with mild persistent asthma. Ann. Allergy Asthma Innnunol. (2003) 90(5):543–549.
- ARMSTRONG EP, MALONE DC: Fluticasone is associated with lower asthma-related costs than leukotriene modifiers in a real world analysis. Phapnacotherapy (2002) 22:1117–1123.
- KATIAL RK, STELZLE RC, BONNER MW, MARINO M, CANTILENA LR, SMITH LJ: A drug-interaction between zafirlukast and theophylline. Arch. Intern. Med. (1998) 158:1713–1715.
- GREEN RL, VAYONIS AG: Churg-Strauss syndrome after zafirlukast in two patients not receiving steroid treatment. Lancet (1999) 353:725–726.
- KINOSHITA M, SHIRAISHI T, KOGA Tet al.: Churg-Strauss syndrome after corticosteroid withdrawal in an asthmatic patient treated with pranlukast. Allergy Olin. bronunol (1999) 103(3 Pt 1):534–535.
- WECHSLER ME, GARPESTAD E, FLIER SR et al: Pulmonary infiltrates, eosinophilia, and cardiomyopathy following corticosteroid withdrawal in patients with asthma receiving zafirlukast. JAMA (1998) 279(6):455–457.
- WECHSLER ME, FINN D, GUNAWARDENA D et al: Churg-Strauss syndrome in patients receiving montelukast as treatment for asthma. Chest (2000) 117:708–713.
- MARTIN RM, WILTON LV, MANN RD: Prevalence of Churg-Strauss syndrome, vasculitis, eosinophilia and associated condition: retrospective analysis of 58 prescription-event monitoring cohort studies. Phannacoepidennol Drug Sal: (1999) 8:179.
- TUGGEY JM, HOSKER HS: Churg-Strauss syndrome associated with montelukast therapy. Thorax (2000) 55:805–806.
- JAMALEDDINE G, DIAB K, TABBARAH Z et al.: Leukotriene antagonists and the Churg-Strauss syndrome. &min. Arthritic Rheum. (2002) 31:218–227.
- SCHURMAN SJ, ALDERMAN JM, MASSANARI M et al.: Tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by the leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast. Chest (1998) 114:1220–1223.