Bibliography
- BARAT I, ANDREASEN F, DAMSGAARD EMS: The consumption of drugs by 75-year-old individuals living in their own homes. Eur. Clin. Pharmacol (2000) 56:501–509.
- LAZZARONI M, BIANCHI PORRO G: Gastrointestinal side-effects of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and new formulations. Aliment. Pharmacol Ther. (2004) 20\(Suppl. 2):48–58.
- PAULUS HE. FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee meeting: serious gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Arthritis Rheum. (1988) 31:1450–1451.
- FELDMAN M, MCMAHON AT: Do cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors provide benefits similar to those of traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with less gastrointestinal toxicity? Ann. Intern. Med. (2000) 132:134–143.
- HAWKEY CJ: COX-2 inhibitors. Lancet (1999) 353:307–14.
- ••An excellent review of COX-2 inhibitors.
- BOMBARDIER C, LAINE L, REICIN Aet al: Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. I. Med. (2000) 343:1520–1528.
- •This article represents a pivotal COX-2 Inhibitor trial suggesting GI safety of a COX-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib) relative to nonselective NSAIDs.
- SILVERSTEIN FE, FAICH G, GOLDSTEIN JL et al: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2000) 284:1247–1255.
- •Another trial which suggests GI safety of a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) In realtion to nonselective NSAIDS.
- SCHNITZER TJ, BURMESTER GR, MYSLER E et al: Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), reduction in ulcer complications: randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2004) 364:665–674.
- •Another trial which suggests GI safety of a COX-2 inhibitor (lumiracoxib) in realtion to nonselective NSAIDS.
- MAMDANI M, ROCHON P, JUURLINK DN et al: Observational study of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in elderly patients given selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors or conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. BE Med. J. (2002) 325:624–627.
- MACDONALD TM, MORANT SV, GOLDSTEIN JL, BURKE TA, PETTITT D: Channelling bias and the incidence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in users of meloxicam, coxibs, and older, non-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Gut (2003) 52:1265–1270.
- IMS Health Canada Newsletter September 1999.
- WRIGHT JM, PERRY TL, BASSETT KL, CHAMBERS GK: Reporting of 6-month versus 12-month data in a clinical trial of celecoxib. JAMA (2001) 286:2398–2400.
- SILVERSTEIN F, SIMON L, FAICH G: Reporting of 6-month versus 12-month data in a clinical trial of celecoxib. In reply. JAMA (2001) 286:2399–2400
- SINGH G, LANES S, TRIADAFILOPOULOS G: Risk of serious upper gastrointestinal and cardiovascular thromboembolic complications with meloxicam. Am. J. Med. (2004) 117:100–106.
- CURTIS SP, LEE M, NG J et al: Fewer upper-GI perforations, ulcers, and bleeds (PUBs) with etoricoxib than with non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (NSAIDs). Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2002) 61:177.
- GOLDSTEIN JL, KIVITZ AJ, VERBURG KM, RECKER DP, PALMER RC, Kent JD: A comparison of the upper gastrointestinal mucosal effects of valdecoxib, naproxen and placebo in healthy elderly subjects. Aliment. Pharmacol Ther. (2003) 18:125–132.
- HUNT RH, HARPERS, WATSON DJ et al: The gastrointestinal safety of the COX-2 selective inhibitor etoricoxib assessed by both endoscopy and analysis of upper gastrointestinal events. Am. Castroenterol (2003) 98:1725–1733.
- HENRY D, LIM LL, GARCIA RODRIGUEZ LA et al: Variability in risk of gastrointestinal complications with individual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: results of a collaborative meta-analysis. BE Med. J. (1996) 312:1563–1566.
- JUNI P, RUTJES AWS, DIEPPE PA: Are the COX 2 inhibitors superior to traditional non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? Br. Med. J. (2002) 324:1287–1288.
- WARNER TD, GIULIANO F, VOJNOVIC I, BUKASA A, MITCHELL JA, VANE JR: Nonsteroid drug selectivities for cyclo-oxygenase-1 rather than cyclo-oxygenase-2 are associated with human gastrointestinal toxicity: a full in vitro analysis. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96:7563–7568.
- BLAIN H, BOILEAU C, LAPICQUE F et al: Limitation of the in vitro whole blood assay for predicting the COX selectivity of NSAIDs in clinical use. Br. J. Chi]. Pharmacol (2002) 53:255–265.
- HAWK ET, VINER JL, DANNENBERG A, DUBOIS RN: COX-2 in cancer - a player that's defining the rules. I Natl Cancer Inst. (2002) 94:545–546.
- PATTI R, GUMIRED K, REDDANNA P, SUTTON LN, PHILLIPS PC, REDDY CD: Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human primitive neuroectodermal tumors: effect of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Cancer Lett. (2002) 180(1):13–21.
- WASKEWICH C, BLUMENTHAL RD, LI H, STEIN R, GOLDENBERG DM, BURTON J: Celecoxib exhibits the greatest potency amongst cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors for growth inhibition of COX-2-negative hematopoietic and epithelial cell lines. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:2029–2033.
- BOUEE S, CHARLEMAGNE A, FAGNANI F et al: Changes in osteoarthritis management by general practitioners in the COX2-inhibitor era-concomitant gastroprotective therapy. Joint Bone Spine (2004) 71:214–220.
- LELORIER J, FITZSIMON C, KERESTECI M, STEWART D, LAVOIE F: Drug utilization review of celecoxib in Ontario. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2003) 42 (Suppl. 3) :iiill-iii16.
- CHAN FK, HUNG LC, SUEN BY et al: Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 347:2104–2110.
- SPIEGEL BM, TARGOWNIK L, DULAI GS, GRALNEK IM: The cost effectiveness of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors in the management of chronic arthritis. Ann. Intern. Med. (2003) 138:795–806.
- MORIDE Y, DUCRUET T, ROCHON S, LAVOIE F: Persistency of use of COX-2-specific inhibitors and non-specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in Quebec. Rheumatology (Oxford) (2003) 42\(Supp1.3):iii17-iii22.
- ROTHMAN KJ, GREENLAND S: Modern epidemiology. Boston: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
- NORGARD B, PEDERSEN L, JOHNSEN SP et al: COX-2-selective inhibitors and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in high-risk patients with previous gastrointestinal diseases: a population-based case-control study. Ailment. Pharmacol Ther. (2004) 19:817–825.
- LAPORTE JR, IBANEZ L, VIDAL X, VENDRELL L, LEONE R: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the use of NSAIDs: newer versus older agents. Drug Sal: (2004) 27:411–420.
- RUBIN DB: Estimating causal effects from large data sets using propensity scores. Ann. Intern. Med. (1997) 127:757–763.
- BENSON K, HARTZ AJ: A comparison of observational studies and randomized, controlled trials. N Engl. I Med. (2000) 342:1878–1886.
- GIRVIN B, RAFFERTY T, STEVENSON MR, JOHNSTON GD: Uptake of COX-2 selective inhibitors and influence on NSAID prescribing in Northern Ireland. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Sal (2004) 13:153–157.
- MAMDANI M, ROCHON P, LAUPACIS A, ANDERSON G: Initial patterns of use of COX-2 inhibitors by elderly patients in Ontario: findings and implications. CMAJ(2002) 167:1125–1126.
- HAWKEY CJ: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Best Pract. Res. OM Castroenterol (2001) 15:801–820.
- MAMDANI M, JUURLINK DN, KOPP A, NAGLIE G, AUSTIN PC, LAUPACIS A: Gastrointestinal bleeding after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors: ecological study. Br. Med. J. (2004) 328:1415–1416.
- ••The original study demonstrating anincrease in population rates of GI bleeding rates following the introduction of COX-2 inhibitors.
- WEBER A, CASINI A, HEINE A et al: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J. Med. Chem. (2004) 47:550–557.
- SUPURAN CT, CASINI A, MASTROLORENZO A, SCOZZAFAVA A: COX-2 selective inhibitors, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and anticancer properties of sulfonamides belonging to this class of pharmacological agents. Mini Rev Med. Chem. (2004) 4:625–632.
- PUSCAS I, COLTAU M, PASCA R: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activate carbonic anhydrase by a direct mechanism of action. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. (1996) 277:1464–1466.
- PUSCAS I: Treatment of gastroduodenalulcers with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1984) 429:426–431.
- PUSCAS I, COLTAU M, BAICAN M, PASCA R, DOMUTA G, HECHT A: Vasoconstrictive drugs increase carbonic anhydrase I in vascular smooth muscle while vasodilating drugs reduce the activity of this isozyme by a direct mechanism of action. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. (2001) 27:53–60.
- TOPOL EJ: Arthritis medicines and cardiovascular events - 'house of coxibs'. JAMA (2005) 293:366–368.
Websites
- http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/ health/mhhcdgpa/index.html. SAYER GP, BRITT H, HORN F et al.: Measures of Health and Health Care Delivery in General Practice in Australia. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2000).
- www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/ briefing/3677b1_04_stats.doc. FDA website report. LU HL: Statistical reviewer briefing document for the advisory committee.