Bibliography
- NBJ's annual industry overview V11. May/June 2002. Nutrition Business Journal (2002)
- RAO JK, MIHALIAK K, KROENKE K, BRADLEY J, TIERNEY WM, WEINBERGER M: Use of complementary therapies for arthritis among patients of rheumatologists. Ann. Intern. Med. (1999) 131:409–416.
- •Survey of prevalence of complementary therapy use by rheumatology patients.
- HOLDEN W, JOSEPH J, WILLIAMSON L: Use of herbal remedies and potential drug interactions in rheumatology outpatients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (2005) 64:790.
- BOND C, HANNAFORD P: Issues related to monitoring the safety of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Drug Sal (2003) 26:1065–1074.
- LITOVITZ TL, KLEIN-SCHWARTZ W, RODGERS GC et al: 2001 Annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. (2002) 20:391–452.
- SMITH L, ERNST E, PAULEWINGS, MYERS P, SMITH C: Co-ingestion of herbal medicines and warfarin. BE J. Gen. Pract. (2004) 54:439–441.
- BARNES J, MILLS SY, ABBOT NC, WILLOUGHBY M, ERNST E: Different standards for reporting ADRs to herbal remedies and conventional OTC medicines: face-to-face interviews with 515 users of herbal remedies. BE J. Clip. PharmacoL (1998) 45:496–500.
- •Large survey of attitudes of general public to adverse effects of herbal remedies with important implications for pharmacovigilance.
- SKINNER CM, RANGASAMI J: Preoperative use of herbal medicines: a patient survey. BE J. Armesth. (2002) 89:792–795.
- •Large survey showing prevalence of herbal remedy use and extremely low rates of recording these medications by hospital doctors.
- SHAW D, LEON C, KOLEV S, MURRAY V: Traditional remedies and food supplements. A 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Sal (1997) 17:342–356.
- FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION: Adverse event reporting for dietary supplements: an inadequate safety valve. (2001) Report number 0E1-01-00-00180:
- THOMPSON CJ, PITTLER M, ERNST E: Herb-drug interactions: survey of leading pharmaceutical/herbal companies. Arch. Intern. Med. (2003) 163:1371.
- FUGH-BERMAN A: Herb-drug interactions. Lancet (2000) 355:134–138.
- HUANG WE WEN KC, HSIAO ML: Adulteration by synthetic therapeutic substances of traditional Chinese medicines in Taiwan. J. Clin. Pharmacol (1997) 37:344–350.
- MCA/CSM: Current problems in pharmacovigilance. (2004) 30:11.
- GOLDMAN JA, MYERSON G: Chinese herbal medicine: camouflaged prescription antiinflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and lead. Arthritis Rheum. (1991) 34:1207.
- PIES CA, SAHUD MA: Agranulocytosis caused by Chinese herbal medicines. Dangers of medications containing aminopyrine and phenylbutazone. JAMA (1975) 231:352–355.
- GERTNER E, MARSHALL PS, FILANDRINOS D, POTEK AS, SMITH TM: Complications resulting from the use of Chinese herbal medications containing undeclared prescription drugs. Arthritis Rheum. (1995) 38:614–617.
- •Cases of complications resulting from adulteration of Chinese herbal remedies with conventional antirheumatic medication.
- BRESSLER R, BAHL JJ: Principles of drug therapy for the elderly patient. Mayo Clia Proc. (2003) 78:1564–1577.
- SCHAFER Al: Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on platelet function and systemic hemostasis. j Chi]. Pharmacol (1995) 35:209–219.
- KNIJFF-DUTMER EA, KALSBEEK-BATENBURG EM, KOERTS J, VAN DE LAAR MA: Platelet function is inhibited by non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but not by cyclo-oxygenase-2-selective inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (2002) 41:458–461.
- VAN BEEK TA: Chemical analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaves and extracts. Chromatogr. A. (2002) 967:21–55.
- CHUNG KF, DENT G, MCCUSKER M, GUINOT P, PAGE CP, BARNES PJ: Effect of a ginkgolide mixture (BN 52063) in antagonising skin and platelet responses to platelet activating factor in man. Lancet (1987) 1:248–251.
- BRAQUET P: Cedemin, a Ginkgo biloba extract, should not be considered as a PAF antagonist. Ain. Castroenterol. (1993) 88:2138.
- SKOGH M: Extracts of Ginkgo biloba and bleeding or haemorrhage. Lancet (1998) 352:1145–1146.
- KIM YS, PYO MK, PARK KM et al: Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of a combination of ticlopidine and ginkgo biloba ext (EGb 761). Thromb. Res. (1998) 91:33–38.
- BAL DIT SC, CAPLAIN H, DROUET L: No alteration in platelet function or coagulation induced by EGb761 in a controlled study. Clin. Lab. Hannatol (2003) 25:251–253.
- HAUL M, CANKURTARAN M, YAVUZ BB et al.: No alteration in the PFA-100 in vitro bleeding time induced by the Ginkgo biloba special extract, EGb 761, in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis (2005) 16:349–353.
- BENT S, GOLDBERG H, PADULA A, AVINS AL: Spontaneous bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba: a case report and systematic review of the literature: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Gen. Intern. Med. (2005) 20:657–661.
- •A review of case reports of bleeding associated with ginkgo biloba.
- BENJAMIN J, MUIR T, BRIGGS K, PENTLAND B: A case of cerebral haemorrhage-can Ginkgo biloba be implicated? Postgrad. Med. (2001) 77:112–113.
- ROWIN J, LEWIS SL: Spontaneous bilateral subdural hematomas associated with chronic Ginkgo biloba ingestion. Neurology (1996) 46:1775–1776.
- VALE S: Subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with Ginkgo biloba. Lancet (1998) 352:36.
- ROSENBLATT M, MINDEL J: Spontaneous hyphema associated with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1108.
- MEISEL C, JOHNE A, ROOTS I: Fatal intracerebral mass bleeding associated with Ginkgo biloba and ibuprofen. Atherosclerosis (2003) 167:367.
- •Interesting case of bleedimg associated with ibuprofen and ginkgo biloba.
- BEBBINGTON A, KULKARNI R, ROBERTS P: Ginkgo biloba: persistent bleeding after total hip arthroplasty caused by herbal self-medication. J. Arthroplaso,. (2005) 20:125–126.
- GROENEWEGEN WA, HEPTINSTALL S: A comparison of the effects of an extract of feverfew and parthenolide, a component of feverfew, on human platelet activity in-vitro. Pharin. Pharmacol (1990) 42:553–557.
- BIGGS MJ, JOHNSON ES, PERSAUD NP, RATCLIFFE DM: Platelet aggregation in patients using feverfew for migraine. Lancet (1982) 2:776.
- LOEW D, MOLLERFELD J, SCHRODTER A, PUTTKAMMER S, KASZKIN M: Investigations on the pharmacokinetic properties of Harpagophytum extracts and their effects on eicosanoid biosynthesis in vitro and ex vivo. Clin. Pharinacol Ther. (2001) 69:356–364.
- ATTELE AS, WU JA, YUAN CS: Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochein. Pharinacol (1999) 58:1685–1693.
- LIBERTI LE, DER MA: Evaluation of commercial ginseng products. Pharin. Li. (1978) 67:1487–1489.
- KIMURA Y, OKUDA H, ARICHI S: Effects of various ginseng saponins on 5-hydroxytryptamine release and aggregation in human platelets. Pharin. Pharmacol (1988) 40:838–843.
- PARK HJ, LEE JH, SONG YB, PARK KH: Effects of dietary supplementation of lipophilic fraction from Panax ginseng on cGMP and cAMP in rat platelets and on blood coagulation. Biol. Pharin. Bull. (1996) 19:1434–1439.
- TENG CM, KUO SC, KO FN et al: Antiplatelet actions of panaxynol and ginsenosides isolated from ginseng. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. (1989) 990:315–320.
- RAHMAN K, BILLINGTON D: Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans. J. Num (2000) 130:2662–2665.
- MORRIS J, BURKE V, MORI TA, VANDONGEN R, BEILIN LJ: Effects of garlic extract on platelet aggregation: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Clin. Exp. Pharinacol Physiol (1995) 22:414–417.
- BURNHAM BE: Garlic as a possible riskfor postoperative bleeding. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. (1995) 95:213.
- GERMAN K, KUMAR U, BLACKFORD HN: Garlic and the risk of TURP bleeding. Br. J. Um] (1995) 76:518.
- ROSE KD, CROISSANT PD, PARLIAMENT CF, LEVIN MB: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: a case report. Neurosurgery (1990) 26:880–882.
- FEDDER SL: Spinal epidural hematomaand garlic ingestion. Neurosurgery (1990) 27:659.
- LEWIS JH: Hepatic toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin. Pharin. (1984) 3:128–138.
- KINDER AJ, HASSELL AB, BRAND J, BROWNFIELD A, GROVE M, SHADFORTH MF: The treatment of inflammatory arthritis with methotrexate in clinical practice: treatment duration and incidence of adverse drug reactions. Rheumatology (2005) 44:61–66.
- VAN ROON EN, JANSEN TL, HOUTMAN NM, SPOELSTRA P, BROUWERS JR: Leflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in clinical practice: incidence and severity of hepatotoxicity. Drug Sal (2004) 27:345–352.
- SCOTT DL, DACRE JE: Adverse reactionsto sulfasalazine: the British experience. Rheumatol Suppl (1988) 16:17–21.
- WHISNANT JK, PELKEY J: Rheumatoid arthritis: treatment with azathioprine (IMURAN (R)). Clinical side-effects and laboratory abnormalities. Ann. Rheum. Dis. (1982) 41\(Suppl. 1):44–47.
- SCHEINFELD N: Adalimumab: a review of side effects. Expert Opin. Drug Sal (2005) 4:637–641.
- LONTOS S, JONES RM, ANGUS PW, GOW PJ: Acute liver failure associated with the use of herbal preparations containing black cohosh. Med. J. Aust. (2003) 179:390–391.
- SMITH LW, CULVENOR CC: Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.' Nat. Prod. (1981) 44:129–152.
- LALIBERTE L, VILLENEUVE JP: Hepatitis after the use of germander, a herbal remedy. CMA I (1996) 154:1689–1692.
- SHEIKH NM, PHILEN RM, LOVE LA: Chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity. Arch. Intern. Med. (1997) 157:913–919.
- MILLER LG: Herbal medicinals: selectedclinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch. Intern. Med. (1998) 158:2200-2211. Comprehensive review of drug interactions associated with herbal remedies.
- MELCHART D, LINDE K, WEIDENHAMMER W, HAGER S, SHAW D, BAUER R: Liver enzyme elevations in patients treated with traditional Chinese medicine. JAMA (1999) 282:28–29.
- NADIR A, AGRAWAL S, KING PD, MARSHALL JB: Acute hepatitis associated with the use of a Chinese herbal product, ma-huang. Am. J. Gastroenterol (1996) 91:1436–1438.
- WOOLF GM, PETROVIC LM, ROJTER SE et al.: Acute hepatitis associated with the Chinese herbal product jin bu huan. Ann. Intern. Med. (1994) 121:729–735.
- BLACK HE: Renal toxicity of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs. Toxicol Pathol (1986) 14:83–90.
- CATTANEO D, PERICO N, GASPARI F, REMUZZI G: Nephrotoxic aspects of cyclosporine. Transplant. Proc. (2004) 36:234S–239S.
- ANTONOVYCH TT:Gold nephropathy. Ann. Clia Lab. Sci. (1981) 11:386–391.
- LUYCKX VA, BALLANTINE R, CLAEYS M et al.: Herbal remedy-associated acute renal failure secondary to Cape aloes. Am. I Kidney Dis. (2002) 39:E13.
- VANHERWEGHEM JL, DEPIERREUX M, TIELEMANS C et al: Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet (1993) 341:387–391.
- KEEN RW, DEACON AC, DELVES HT, MORETON JA, FROST PG: Indian herbal remedies for diabetes as a cause of lead poisoning. Postgrad. Med. (1994) 70:113–114.
- ABT AB, OH JY, HUNTINGTON RA, BURKHART KK: Chinese herbal medicine induced acute renal failure. Arch. Intern. Med. (1995) 155:211–212.
- BENNETT DA, Jr., PHUN L, POLK JF,VOGLINO SA, ZLOTNIK V, RAFFA RB: Neuropharmacology of St. John's Wort (Hypericum). Ann. Pharmacother. (1998) 32:1201–1208.
- HENNESSY M, KELLEHER D, SPIERS JP et al: St Johns wort increases expression of P-glycoprotein: implications for drug interactions. Br. J. Chu. Pharmacol (2002) 53:75–82.
- BREIDENBACH T, KLIEM V, BURG M, RADERMACHER J, HOFFMANN MW, KLEMPNAUER J: Profound drop of cyclosporin A whole blood trough levels caused by St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Transplantation (2000) 69:2229–2230.
- BARONE GW, GURLEY BJ, KETEL BL, ABUL-EZZ SR: Herbal supplements: a potential for drug interactions in transplant recipients. Transplantation (2001) 71:239–241.
- STEWART PM, WALLACE AM, VALENTINO R, BURT D, SHACKLETON CH, EDWARDS CR: Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age. Lancet (1987) 2:821–824.
- TEELUCKSINGH S, MACKIE AD, BURT D, MCINTYRE MA, BRETT L, EDWARDS CR: Potentiation of hydrocortisone activity in skin by glycyrrhetinic acid. Lancet (1990) 335:1060–1063.
Websites
- http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ factsheets/fs134/en/index.html. World Health Organisation traditional medicine factsheet (2003).
- http://medicines.mhra.gov.uldourworld licensingmeds/types/thmpd/ introduction.htm. Traditional herbal medicines registration scheme, guidance and information (2005).
- http://medicines.mhra.gov.uldourworld monitorsafequalmed/yellowcard/ yellowcardscheme. htm. Committee on safety of medicines yellow card scheme (2005).
- http://www.arthritiscare.org.ukkampaigns/ detail.cfm?campaignid=103®ion=ukarth ritis. Arthritis care campaign (2002).
- http://medicines.mhra.gov.uldourworld licensingmeds/herbalmeds/herbalsafety. htmarisjing. Herbal safety news (2005). Affiliation