Safety and efficacy of anticonvulsants in elderly patients with psychiatric disorders: oxcarbazepine, topiramate and gabapentin

Bibliography

• WIMO A, WINBLAD B, AGUIRO-TORRES H, VON STRAUSS E: The magnitude of dementia occurrence in the world. Alz. Dis. Assoc. Dis. (2003) 17(2):63-67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER AK, ZHANG MS, SOUMERAI SB et al.: Benzodiazepine use and hip fractures in the elderly. Arch. Int. Med. (2004) 164:1567-1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GLASS J, LANCTÔT KL, HERRMANN N, SPROULE BA, BUSTO UE: Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits. Br. Med. J. (2005) 331:1169-1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOOLTORTON E: Olanzapine (Zyprexa): increased incidence of cerebrovascular events in dementia trials. CMAJ (2004) 170:1395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG PS, SCHNEEWEISS S, AVORN J et al.: Risk of death in elderly users of conventional versus atypical antipsychotic medications. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 353:2335-2341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINK KM, HOLDEN, KF, YAFFE K: Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. JAMA (2005) 293(5):596-608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHNEIDER LS, TARIOT PN, DAGERMAN KS et al.: Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. NEJM (2006) 355:1525-1538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FENN HH, SOMMER BR, KETTER TA, ALLDREDGE B: Safety and tolerability of mood-stabilising anticonvulsants in the elderly. Expert Opin Drug Saf. (2006) 5(3):401-416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERUCCA E: Clinical pharmacokinetics of new-generation antiepileptic drugs at the extremes of age. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2006) 45(4):351-363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLOYD JC, REMMEL RP: Antiepileptic drug pharmacokinetics and interactions: impact on treatment of epilepsy. Pharmacotherapy (2000) 20(8Pt 2):139S-151S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PANDE AC, POLLACK MH, CROCKATT J et al.: Placebo-controlled study of gabapentin treatment of panic disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2000) 20(4):467-471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BACKONJA MM: Gabapentin monotherapy for the symptomatic treatment of painful neuropathy: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with diabetes mellitus. Epilepsia (1999) 40(Suppl. 6):S57-S59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIFFEN PJ, MCQUAY HJ, EDWARDS JE, MOORE RA: Gabapentin for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2005) 3:CD005452.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GASTER B, HIRSCH IB: The effects of improved glycemic control on complications in Type 2 diabetes. Arch. Intern. Med. (1998) 158:134-140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SILBERSTEIN SD: Migraine. Lancet (2004) 363:381-391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GILRON I, BAILEKY JM, DONGSHENG T, HOLDEN RR, WEAVER DF, HOULDEN RL: Morphine, gabapentin, or their combination for neuropathic pain. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 352:1324-1334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AHMAD M, GOUCECKE CR: Management strategies for the treatment of neuropathic pain in the elderly. Drugs Aging (2002) 19(12):929-945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICHOLSON B: Differential diagnosis: nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Am. J. Manag. Care (2006) 12(Suppl. 9):S256-S262.
   Google Scholar
• MCDONALD WM, WERMAGER J: Pharmacologic treatment of geriatric mania. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. (2002) 4:43-50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PANDE AC, CROCKATT J, JANNEY CA, WERTH JL, TSAROUCHA G: Gabapentin in bipolar disorder: a placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive therapy. Gabapentin Bipolar Disorder Study Group. Bipolar Disord. (2000) 2(3 pt 2):249-255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRYE MA, KETTER TA, KIMBRELL TA et al.: A placebo controlled study of lamotrigine and gabapentin monotherapy in refractory mood disorders. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2000) 20(6):607-614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SETHI MA, MEHTA R, DEVENAND DP: Gabapentin in geriatric mania. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. (2003) 16(2):117-120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBILLARD M, CONN D: Gabapentin use in geriatric patients with depression and bipolar illness. Can. J. Psychiaty (2001) 16(8):764.
   Google Scholar
• TARIOT PN: Treatment of agitation in dementia. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1999) 60(Suppl. 8):11-20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BHARANI N, SNOWDEN M: Evidence-based interventions for nursing home residents with dementia-related behavioral symptoms. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am. (2005) 28:985-1005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAWKINS JW, TINKLENBERG JR, SHEIKH JI, PEYSER CE, YESAVAGE JA: A retrospective chart review of gabapentin for the treatment of aggressive and agitated behavior in patients with dementias. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (2000) 8:221-225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORETTI R, TORRE P, ANTONELLO RM, CASSATO G, BAVA A: Gabapentin for the treatment of behavioral alterations in dementia. Drugs Aging (2003) 20(14):1035-1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER LJ: Gabapentin for treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Ann. Pharmacother. (2001) 35:427-431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROANE DM, FEINBERG TE, MECKLER L, MINER CR, SCICUTELLA A, ROSENTHAL RN: Treatment of dementia-associated agitation with gabapentin. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. (2000) 12(1):40-43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAUDINO F, MASCALZI MG, ZAGAMI A: Gabapentin and behavioral disorder in severe Alzheimer’s disease. J. Clin. Psychopharm. 24(4):459-460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERRMANN N, LANCTOT K, MYSZAK M: Effectiveness of gabapentin for the treatment of behavioral disorders in dementia. J. Clin. Psychopharm. (2000) 20(1):90-93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RHO JM, SANKAR R: The pharmacologic basis of antiepileptic drug action. Epilepsia (1999) 40:1471-1483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR CP: Gabapentin: Mechanisms of Action. In: Antiepileptic Drugs. Levy RH et al. (Eds), Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA (2002):321-334.
   Google Scholar
• WILLMORE LJ: Choice and use of newer anticonvulsant drugs in older patients. Drugs Aging (2000) 17:441-452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PATSALOS PN, FROSCHER W, PISANI F, RIJN CMV: The importance of drug interactions in epilepsy therapy. Epilepsia (2002) 43(4):365-385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STEWART BH, KUGLER AR, THOMPSON PR, AL E: A saturable transport mechanism in the intestingal absorption of gabapentin is the underlying cause of the lack of proportionality between increasing dose and drug levels in plasma. Pharmacol. Res. (1993) 10:276-281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOYD RA, TÜRCK D, ABEL AB, SEDMAN A: Effects of age and gender on single-dose pharmacokinetics of gabapentin. Epilepsia (1999) 40:474-479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORRIS GL: Gabapentin. Epilepsia (1999) 40:S63-S70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARMIJO JA, PENA MA, ADIN J, VEGA-GIL N: Association between patient age and gabapentin serum concentration-to-dose ratio. Ther. Drug Monit. (2004) 26(6):633-637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLUM RA, COMSTOCK TJ, SICA DA, AL E: Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin in subjects with various degrees of renal function. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1994) 56:154-159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG C, GLENN DG, BELL WL, O’DONOVAN CA: Gabapentin-induced myoclonus in end-stage renal disease. Epilepsia (2005) 46(1):156-158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAROCHE SM HS: The new antiepileptic drugs. JAMA (2004) 291(5):605-614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRYE MA, KIIMBRELL TA, DUNN RT, AL E: Gabapentin does not alter single-dose lithium pharmacokinetics. J. Clin. Psychiatry (1998) 18(6):461-464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUSCH JA, RADULOVIC LI, BOCKBRADER HN et al.: Effect of Maalox TC on single-dose pharmacokinetics of gabapentin capsules in healthy subjects. Pharm. Res. (1992) 9(Suppl. 10):S315.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN R, MEADOR K, TURRENTINE L, FAUGHT E: Comparative cognitive effects of carbamazepine and gabapentin in healthy senior adults. Epilepsia (2001) 42(6):764-771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISHER RS, SACHDEO RC, PELLOCK J et al.: Rapid initiation of gabapentin: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology (2001) 56(6):743-748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SECHI GP, MURGIA B, SAU G et al.: Asterixis and toxic encephalopathy induced by gabapentin. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry (2004) 28:195-199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEBASTIAN GC: Medications’ impact on oral health. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. (2004) 135(10):1440-1448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOURDET VS, GIDAL BE, ALLDREDGE BK: Pharmacologic management of epilepsy in the elderly. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. (2001) 41(3):421-436.
   Google Scholar
• MAY TW, KORN-MERKER E, RAMBECK B: Clinical pharmacokinetics of oxcarbazepine. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2003) 42(12):1023-1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEYDOUN A: Safety and efficacy of oxcarbazepine: results of randomized, double-blind trials. Pharmacotherapy (2000) 20(8 Pt 2):152S-158S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROSSBERG G, WASSEF N, BROWN S: Oxcarbazepine in the treatment of agitation in dementia: a nursing home study. Neurology (2005) 64(Suppl.1):A106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMRICH HM: Studies with (Trileptal) oxcarbazepine in acute mania. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1990) 5(Suppl. 1):83-88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GHAEMI SN, KO JY, KATZOW JJ: Oxcarbazepine treatment of refractory bipolar disorder: a retrospective chart review. Bipolar Disord. (2002) 74:70-74.
   Google Scholar
• PRATOOMSRI W, YATHAM LN, SOHN C-H, SOLOMONS K, LAM RW: Oxcarbazepine add-on in the treatment of refractory bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. (2005) 7(Suppl. 5):37-42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMERICH HM, ALTMANN H, DOSE M, VON AERSSEN D: Therapeutic effects of GABA-ergic drugs in affective disorders. A preliminary report. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (1983) 19:369-372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EMRICH HM: Studies with (Trileptal) oxcarbazepine in acute mania. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1990) 5(Suppl. 1):83-88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WAGNER KD, KOWATCH RA, EMSLIE GJ et al.: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of oxcarbazepine in the treatment of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. Am. J. Psychiatry (2006) 163:1179-1186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN HEININGEN PN, EVE MD, OOSTERHUIS B et al.: The influence of age on the pharmacokinetics of the antiepileptic agent oxcarbazepine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1991) 50(4):410-419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARNOLDUSSEN W, HULSMAN J,RENTMEESTER T: Oxcarbazapine (OCBZ) twice daily is as effective as OCBZ three times daily: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study of 24 volunteers and 6 patients [abstract]. Epilepsia (1991) 32(Suppl 1):69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KETTER TA, POST RM, WORTHINGTON K: Principles of clinically important drug interactions with carbamazepine. Part II. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1991) 11(3):306-313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHWABE S: Oxcarbazepine: clinical development program. Epilepsia (1994) 3(Suppl. 5):S51-S53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCLEAN MJ, SCHMUTZ M, WAMIL AW, OLPE HR, PORTET C, FELDMANN KF: Oxcarbazepine: mechanisms of action. Epilepsia (1994) 35(Suppl. 3):S5-S9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KETTER TA, WANG PW, POST RM: Carbamazepine and Oxcarbazepine. In: Textbook of Psychopharmacology. Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB (Eds), American Psychiatric Press, USA (2002).
   Google Scholar
• SCHMUTZ M, BRUGGER F, GENTSCH, C, MCLEAN MJ, OLPE HR: Oxcarbazepine: preclinical anticonvulsant profile and putative mechanisms of action. Epilepsia (1004) 35(Suppl. 5):S47-S50.
   Google Scholar
• KUTLUAY E MCCAGUE K, D’SOUZA J, BEYDOUN: Safety and tolerability of oxcarbazepine in elderly patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. (2003) 4(2):175-180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MERRILL MD, BELZ JR: Oxcarbazepine and risk of falls among psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatr. Serv. (2005) 56:1623-1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ÄIKIÄ M, KÄLVIÄINEN R, SIVENIUS J, HALONEN T, RIEKKINEN PJ: Cognitive effects of oxcarbazepine and phenytoin monotherapy in newly diagnosed epilepsy: one year follow-up. Epilepsy Res. (1992) 11(3):199-203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CURRAN HV, JAVA R: Memory and psychomotor effects of oxcarbazepine in healthy human volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1993) 44:529-533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAAKSONEN R, KAIMOLA K, GRAHN-TERÄVÄINEN E, WALTIMO O: A controlled clinical trial of the effects of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine on memory and attention [abstract]. 16th International Epilepsy Congress. Hamburg, Germany (1985).
   Google Scholar
• ALDENKAMP AP: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cognition. Epilepsia (2001) 42(Suppl. 1):46-49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALDENKAMP AP, DE KROM M, REIJS R: Newer drugs and cognitive issues. Epilepsia (2003) 44(Suppl. 4):21-29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONG X, ILO E, LEPPIK IE, WHITE J, RARICK J: Hypnatremia from oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine. Neurology (2005) 65:1976-1978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ONDO WG, JANKOVIC J, CONNOR GS et al.: Topiramate in essential tremor: a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Neurology (2006) 66:672-677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUSHNER SF, KHAN A, LANE R, OLSON WH: Topiramate monotherapy in the management of acute mania: results of four double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Bipolar Disord. (2006) 8(1):15-27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION: Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder (revision). Am. J. Psychiatry (2002) 159(4 Suppl.):1-50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DELBELLO MP, KUSHNER SF, WANG D et al.: Topiramate for acute mania in adolescent patients with bipolar I disorder. In: 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. New York, NY, USA, 1 – 6 May (2004).
   Google Scholar
• MADHUSUDANAN S, BOGUNOVIC O, BRENNER R, GUPTA S: Use of topiramate as an adjunctive medication in an elderly patient with treatment-resistant bipolar disorder. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (2002) 10(6):759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FHAGER B, MEIRI, IM,SJÖGREN M, EDMAN A: Treatment of aggressive behavior in dementia with the anticonvulsant topiramate: a retrospective pilot study. Int. Psychogeriatr. (2003) 15(3):307-309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRAY GA, HOLLANDER P, KEIN S et al.: A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of topiramate for weight loss in obesity. Obes. Res. (2003) 11(6):722-733.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JOHNSON BA, AIT-DAOUD N, BOWDEN CL et al.: Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2003) 361(9370):1677-1685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCINTYRE RS, MANCINI DA, MCCANN S, SRINIVASAN J, SAGMAN D, KENNEDY SH: Topiramate versus bupropion SR when added to mood stabilizer therapy for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder: a preliminary single-blind study. Bipolar Disord. (2002) 4(3):207-213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAY TW, RAMBECK B, JURGENS U: Serum concentrations of topiramate in patients with epilepsy: influence of dose, age, and comedication. Ther. Drug Monit. (2002) 24(3):366-374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topiramate United States Prescribing Information, in Physicians’ Desk Reference. Thomson PDR, Montvale, NJ, USA (2006):2438-2447.
   Google Scholar
• GROSELJ J, GUERRINI R, VAN OENE J, LAHAYE M, SCHREINER A, SCHWALEN S: Experience with topiramate monotherapy in elderly patients with recent-onset epilepsy. Acta Neurol. Scand. (2005) 112(3):144-150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALINSKY MC, STORZBACK D, SPENCER DC, OKEN BS, LANDRY T, DODRILL CB: Effects of topiramate and gabapentin on cognitive abilites in healthy volunteers. Headache (2006) 46:332-339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHEELER SD: Donepezil treatment of topiramate-related cognitive dysfunction. Headache (2006) 46:332-339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KHAN A, FAUGHT E, GILLIAM F, KUZNIECKY R: Acute psychotic symptoms induced by topiramate. Seizure (1999) 8(4):235-237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THAMBI L, KAPCALA LP, CHAMBERS W et al.: Topiramate-associated secondary angle-closure glaucoma: a case series. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2002) 120(8):1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLUMENTHAL DT: Acute myopia and angle-closure glaucoma induced by topiramate. Neurology (2004) 63(4):762.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOENTERT M, ARETZ H, LUDEMANN P: Acute myopia and angle-closure glaucoma induced by topiramate. Neurology (2003) 61(9):1306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACHDEO RC, REIFE RA, LIM P, PLEDGER G: Topiramate monotherapy for partial onset seizures. Epilepsia (1997) 38(3):294-300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STOWE CD, BOLLINGER T, JAMES LP et al.: Acute mental status changes and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with long-term topiramate therapy. Pharmacotherapy (2000) 20(1):105-109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILNER A, RAYMOND K, POLLARD R: Topiramate and metabolic acidosis. Epilepsia (1999) 40(6):792-795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GROEPER K, MCCANN ME: Topiramate and metabolic acidosis: a case series and review of the literature. Paediatr. Anaesth. (2005) 15(2):167-170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEN-ZEEV B, WATEMBERG N, AUGARTEN A et al.: Oligohydrosis and hyperthermia: pilot study of a novel topiramate adverse effect. J. Child Neurol. (2003) 18(4):254-257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZIAD EL K, RAHI AC, HAMDAN SA, MIKATI MA: Age, dose, and environmental temperature are risk factors for topiramate-related hyperthermia. Neurology (2005) 65(7):1139-1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANCO KN, MESSINGER-RAPPORT BM: Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. (2006) 7(3):201-202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIETA E, SANCHEZ-MORENO J, GOIKOLEA JM, COLOM F, MARTINEZ-ARAN A, BENABARRE A: Effects on weight and outcome of long-term olanzapine–topiramate combination treatment in bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2004) 24(4):374-378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICKEL M, NICKEL C, MUEHLBACHER M, LEIBERICH P, KAPLAN P, LAHMANN C: Influence of topiramate on olanzapine-related adiposity in women: a random, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Pschopharmacol. (2005) 25(3):211-217
   Google Scholar
• CONWAY CR, CBINALL JT, NELSON LA et al.: An open-label trial of adjunctive oxcarbazepine for bipolar disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2006) 26(1):95-97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUMMEL B, WALDEN J, STAMPFER R et al.: Acute antimanic efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine in an open trial with an on-off-design. Bipolar Disord. (2002) 4:412-417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENEDETTI A, LATTANZI L, PINI S, MUSETTI L, DELL’OSSO L, CASSANO GB: Oxcarbazepine as add-on treatment in patients with bipolar manic, mixed or depressive episode. J. Affect. Disord. (2004) 79:273-277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALEK-AHMADI P, HANRETTA AT: Possible reduction in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with oxcarbazepine in a patient with bipolar disorder. Ann. Pharmacother. (2004) 38:1852-1854.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CENTORRINO F, ALBERT MJ, BERRY JM et al.: Oxcarbazepine: clinical experience with hospitalized psychiatric patients. Bipolar Disord. (2003) 5:370-374.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MATTES JA: Oxcarbazepine in patients with impulsive aggression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2005) 25:575-579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACHDEO RC, SACHDEO SK, WALKER SA, KRAMER LD, NAYAK RK, DOOSE DR: Steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy during monotherapy and concomitant therapy. Epilepsia (1996) 37(8):774-780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MIMROD D, SPECCHIO LM, BRITZI M et al.: A comparative study of the effect of carbamazepine and valproic acid on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic profile of topiramate at steady state in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia (2005) 46(7):1046-1054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DOOSE DR, BRODIE MJ, WILSON EA et al.: Topiramate and lamotrigine pharmacokinetics during repetitive monotherapy and combination therapy in epilepsy patients. Epilepsia (2003) 44(7):917-922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABRAHAM G, OWEN J: Topiramate can cause lithium toxicity. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2004) 24(5):565-567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PINNINTI NR, ZELINSKI G: Does topiramate elevate serum lithium levels? J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2002) 22(3):340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIALER M, DOOSE DR, MURTHY B et al.: Pharmacokinetic interactions of topiramate. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2004) 43(12):763-780.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DRAPALSKI AL, ROSSE RB, PEEBLES RR, SCHWARTZ BL, MARVEL CL, DEUTSCH SI: Topiramate improves deficit symptoms in a patient with schizophrenia when added to a stable regimen of antipsychotic medication. Clin. Neuropharmacol. (2001) 24(5):290-294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LESSIG MC, SHAPIRA NA, MURPHY TK: Topiramate for reversing atypical antipsychotic weight gain. J. Am. Acad. Child. Adolesc. Psychiatry (2001) 40(12):1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIN YH, LIU CY, HSIAO MC: Management of atypical antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenic patients with topiramate. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. (2005) 59(5):613-615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSENFELD WE, DOOSE DR, WALKER SA, NAYAK RK: Effect of topiramate on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia (1997) 38(3):317-323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar