Vaginal delivery of contraceptives

Bibliography

• ALEXANDER NJ, BAKER E, KAPTEIN M, KARCK U, MILLER L, ZAMPAGLIONE E: Why consider vaginal drug administration? Fend SteriL (2004) 82:1–12.
   Google Scholar
• ••A detailed description of the physiologyand anatomy of the vagina.
   Google Scholar
• MISHELL DR TALAS M, MOYER DL: Contraception by means of a silastic vaginal ring impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Am. J. Obstet. GynecoL (1970) 107(1):100–107.
   Google Scholar
• LANDGREN BM, JOHANNISSON E, MASIRONI B, DICZFALUSY E: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of small doses of norethisterone released from vaginal rings continuously during 90 days. Contraception (1979) 19(3):253–271.
   Google Scholar
• TOIVONEN J: Intravaginal contraception with the synthetic progestin, R2010. Contraception (1979) 20(5):511–518
   Google Scholar
• KOETSAWANG S, JI G, KRISHNA U et al.: Microdose intravaginal levonorgestrel contraception: a multicentre clinical trial. I. Contraceptive efficacy and side effects. World Health Organization. Task force on long-acting systemic agents for fertility regulation. Contraception (1990) 41(2):105–124.
   Google Scholar
• MISHELL DR, LAHTEENMAKI P et al.: Ovarian function during use of vaginal rings delivering three different doses of Nestorone®. Contraception (2001) 63:257–261.
   Google Scholar
• •Full data on the dose-finding effects of the new progestin Nestorone in vaginal rings.
   Google Scholar
• DIAZ S, MIRANDA P, BRANSEIS A, CARDENAS H, CROXATTO HB: Mechanism of action of progesterone as contraceptive for lactating women. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1991) 626:11–21.
   Google Scholar
• MASSAI R, DIAZ S, JACKANICZ T, CROXATTO HB: Vaginal rings for contraception in lactating women. Steroids (2000) 65(10–1 0:703–707.
   Google Scholar
• •A very good report on the efficacy of the progesterone ring in lactating women.
   Google Scholar
• AHREN T, VICTOR A, LITHELL H, VESSBY B, JACKANICZ TM, JOHANSSON ED: Ovarian function, bleeding control and serum lipoproteins in women using contraceptive vaginal rings releasing five different progestins. Contraception (1983) 28(4):315–327.
   Google Scholar
• VICTOR A, LITHELL H, SELINUS I, VESSBY B: Pharmacodynamics of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing norethindrone and estradiol: ovarian function, bleeding control and lipoprotein patterns. Ups. J. Med. Sci. (1984) 89(2):179–188.
   Google Scholar
• SIVIN I, MISHELL DR VICTOR A et al.: A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. III-Menstrual patterns. An international comparative trial. Contraception (1981) 24(4):377–392.
   Google Scholar
• BALLAGH SA, MISHELL DR LACARRA M, SHOUPE D, JACKANICZ TM, EGGENA P: Contraceptive vaginal ring releasing norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Contraception (1994) 50:517–533.
   Google Scholar
• WEISBERG E, FRASER IS, MISHELL DR Jr et al.: A comparative study of two contraceptive vaginal rings releasing norethindrone acetate and differing doses of ethinyl estradiol. Contraception (1999) 59:305–310.
   Google Scholar
• APTER D, CACCIATORE B, STENMAN UH, ALAPIESSA U, ASSENDORP R: Clinical performance and endocrine profiles of contraceptive vaginal rings releasing 3-keto-desogestrel and ethinylestradiol. Contraception (1990) 42(3):285–295.
   Google Scholar
• MULDERS TM, DIEBEN TO, BENNINK HJ: Ovarian function with a novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Hum. Reprod. (2002) 17:2594-2599. A report on the effects of the Nuvaring on ovarian function.
   Google Scholar
• LAURIKKA-ROUTTI M, HAUKKAHNA M, HEIKINHEIMO 0: A contraceptive vaginal ring releasing ethinyl estradiol and the progestin ST-1435: bleeding control, serum steroid concentrations, serum lipids and serum chemistry. Contraception (1990) 42(1):111–120.
   Google Scholar
• JACKANICZ TM: Vaginal rings for delivery of Nestorone® progestin for contraception. Eur. J. Contraception Reproduct. Health Care (2000) 5(1):38.
   Google Scholar
• SIVIN I, MISHELL DR ALVAREZ F et al.: Contraceptive vaginal rings releasing Nestorone and ethinyl-estradiol: a 1-year dose-finding trial. Contraception (2005) 71(2):122–129.
   Google Scholar
• •Complete data of a 1-year Phase II study concerning the delivery of nestorone and ethinyl estradiol from the vaginal ring.
   Google Scholar
• SIVIN I, DIAZ S, CROXATTO HB et al: Contraceptives for lactating women: a comparative trial of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring and the copper T 380A IUD. Contraception (1997) 55(4):225–232.
   Google Scholar
• TITIA M, MULDERS T, DIEBEN TO: Use of the novel combined contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing for ovulation inhibition. FertiL SteriL (2001) 75(5):865–870.
   Google Scholar
• COUTINHO EM, COUTINHO EJ, GONCALVES MT, BARBOSA IC: Ovulation suppression in women following vaginal administration of oral contraceptive tablets. Fertil. SteriL (1982) 38(3):380–381.
   Google Scholar
• JOHANSSON ED, SITRUK-WARE R: New delivery systems in contraception. Vaginal rings. Am. J. Obstet. GynecoL (2004) 190(4 Suppl.):S54–S59.
   Google Scholar
• SITRUK-WARE R: Delivery Options for Contraceptives. Drug Discov. Today (2005) (In press).
   Google Scholar
• ZIEGLER D, BULLETTI C, MONSTIER B, JAASKELAINEN AS: The first uterine pass effect. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1997) 26(828):291–299.
   Google Scholar
• CICINELLI E, ZIEGLER D, BULLETTI C, MATTED MG, SCHONAUER LM, GALANTINO P: Direct transport of progesterone from vagina to uterus. Obstet. GynecoL (2000) 95(3):403–406.
   Google Scholar
• WEISBERG E, FRASER IS, MISHELL DR LACARRA M, BARDIN CW: The acceptability of a combined oestrogen/progestogen contraceptive vaginal ring. Contraception (1995) 51(1):39–44.
   Google Scholar
• SITRUK-WARE R: Pharmacological profile of progestins. Maturitas (2004) 47:277–283.
   Google Scholar
• KUMAR N, KOIDE SS, TSONG Y, SUNDARAM K: Nestorone: a progestin with a unique pharmacological profile. Steroids (2000) 65(10-11):629–636.
   Google Scholar
• •A thorough pharmacological evaluation of nestorone as compared with levonorgestrel.
   Google Scholar
• SITRUK-WARE R, SMALL M, KUMAR N, TSONG YY, SUNDARAM K, JACKANICZ T: Nestorone® clinical applications for contraception and HRT. Steroids (2003) 68:907–913.
   Google Scholar
• ROUMEN FJ, APTER D, MULDERS TM, DIEBEN TO: Efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of a novel contraceptive vaginal ring releasing etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Human Reprod. (2001) 16(3):469–475.
   Google Scholar
• SHOUPE D, MISHELL DR Jr: Contraceptive vaginal rings. In: Progestins and Antiprogestins in Clinical Practice. R Sitruk- D Mishell Jr (Eds), Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, USA (2000):245–257.
   Google Scholar
• LAHTEENMAKKI P, JUKARAINEN H: Novel delivery systems in contraception. Br. Med. Bull. (2000) 56(3):739–748.
   Google Scholar
• DARROCH JE, HAAS T, RANJIT N: Contraceptive failure rates: new estimates from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Fam. Plann. Perspect. (1999) 31:56–63.
   Google Scholar
• BALLAGH SA, BABB TB, KOVALEVSKY G, ARCHER DF: Contraceptive ring compliance: as labeled versus calendar based use. 59th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Fend SteriL (2003) 80(53):554.
   Google Scholar
• TIMMER CJ, MULDERS TM: Pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel and ethinylestradiol released from a combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Clin. Pharmacokinet. (2000) 39(3):233–242.
   Google Scholar
• FRASER IS, LACARRA M, MISHELL DR Jr et al: Vaginal epithelial surface appearances in women using vaginal rings for contraception. Contraception (2000) 61:131–138.
   Google Scholar
• FRASER IS, LAHTEENMAKKI P, ELOMAA K et al: Variations in vaginal epithelial surface appearance determined by colposcopic inspection in healthy, sexually active women. Hum. Reproduction (1999) 14:1974–1978.
   Google Scholar
• ••A detailed evaluation on the effects of ringson the vaginal mucosa.
   Google Scholar
• VERHOEVEN CH, VAN HEUVEL MW, MULDERS TM, DIEBEN TO: The contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing, and antimycotic co-medication. Contraception (2004) 69(2):129–132.
   Google Scholar
• MAGNUSDOTTIR EM, BJARNADOTTIR RI, ONUNDARSSON PT et al: The contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) and hemostasis: a comparative study. Contraception (2004) 69(6):461–467.
   Google Scholar
• ••A report on the safety of the Nuvaring ascompared to oral contraceptives on haemostatic parameters.
   Google Scholar
• GOEBELSMANN U, MASHCHAK CA, MISHELL DR Jr: Comparison of hepatic impact of oral and vaginal administration of ethinyl estradiol. Am. J. Obstet. GynecoL (1985) 151(7):868–877.
   Google Scholar
• RAD M, SITRUK-WARE R, KLUFT C et al: Comparative effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring delivering Nestorone® and ethinyl estradiol, and a combined oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel, on lipids and inflammation markers of arterial disease. International Symposium on Thrombosis d'-• Hemostasis (2005) (In press).
   Google Scholar
• NOVAK A, DE LOGE C, ABETZ L, VAN MEULEN EA: The combined contraceptive vaginal ring, NuvaRing: an international study of user acceptability. Contraception (2003) 67:187–194.
   Google Scholar
• BALLAGH SA, BAKER JM, HENRY DM, ARCHER DF: Safety of single daily use for one week of C31G HEC gel in women. Contraception (2002) 66(5):369–375.
   Google Scholar
• PHILLIPS DM, MAGUIRE RA: The development of microbicides for clinical use to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Curr Infect Dis Rep. (2002) 4(2):135–140.
   Google Scholar
• SAXENA BB, SINGH M, GOSPIN RM, CHU CC, LEDGER WJ: Efficacy of nonhormonal vaginal contraceptives from a hydrogel delivery system. Contraception (2004) 70(3):213–219.
   Google Scholar